Increased Blood Sugar on hemorrhagic stroke (hemorrhagic apoplexy) the occurrence and development are very important influence, not only as an important risk factor involved in the beginning of HA, resulting in increased incidence of disease, but also to HA after the occurrence of pathological process has a catalytic role to enable hematoma volume expansion, increased edema, increased impairment, affect the blood sugar involved in the mechanism of HA, are manifold, including: lipid metabolic abnormalities, carotid artery remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, platelet dysfunction, hypercoagulability, insulin resistance. Expansion of infarct size and high blood sugar and promoting the development of HA mainly caused by acid poisoning, ischemic injury in areas of apoptosis and other endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and cerebral vascular disease, has attracted people's attention. Vascular endothelial growth factor induced by the prominent role of angiogenesis in vivo and improve vascular permeability; discovered in recent years it also has to stimulate the neurons, glial cells, axonal growth and survival role. COX (cyclooxygenase, COX), is catalyzed arachidonic acid (arachidonic acid, AA) synthesis of prostaglandins (prostgalandin, PG) and thromboxane (thromboxan, TX) of the rate-limiting enzyme. One COX-1 for structural type, exist in most organizations, the catalyst is generated to maintain the normal structure of the PG; COX-2 is induced in physiological conditions, COX-2 in most tissues at very low copy number expression. However, IL-1, TNF and many other inflammation-stimulating factor can induce COX-2 expression. However, current vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase Most studies focused on the relationship between cerebral ischemia and brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage on the dynamic changes of VEGF, COX-2 expression in correlation among recognition of hyperglycemia on cerebral hemorrhage injury in danger at the same time, control, treatment of blood glucose levels become a means of treating cerebrovascular disease, in particular, is used to reduce blood sugar levels of insulin into the acute stroke treatment guidelines. Has been found that insulin on acute cerebral hemorrhage around the brain tissue has a protective effect of ischemic injury. Possible mechanisms are: the brain has been found that the existence of insulin receptors, insulin and insulin receptor binding may reduce the brain cells of glucose uptake, thereby reducing the storage of sugar within the brain cells, reduce lactic acid produced by the substrate, fundamentally correct cellular acidosis; the same time, can also lower blood sugar, insulin concentration, increased bleeding surrounding edema and effective blood supply, resulting in relatively low perfusion state of high blood sugar, thereby improving effect of brain damage was the order to understand these two cytokines and diabetes mellitus the relationship between cerebral hemorrhage injury, this study of diabetes on the basis of the model to be adopted by autologous blood injection method to establish a stable animal model of cerebral hemorrhage in this dynamic observation of cerebral hemorrhage on the basis of After the behavioral and brain water content trends, analysis VEGF and COX-2 in the hemorrhagic brain tissue distribution and expression changes, and then explore the VEGF and COX-2 in brain tissue damage in cerebral hemorrhage the role and significance, compared to diabetes rats and normal blood sugar difference between the volume of brain edema in rats with an initial observation of the two factors in diabetic rats and normal blood sugar difference between the expression of rat brain hemorrhage, with a view to the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage provide new ways and and methods1. Experimental animals and groupingHealthy adult male Wistar rats, a total of 96, weighing 250 to 280 grams from the Experimental Animal Center of Zhengzhou University. In accordance with the principles of randomized experimental animals were divided into four groups, namely sham operation group, normal blood glucose group, high glucose group and the insulin intervention group. Prizes will be awarded 4 points each time: 6h, 24h, 72h, 7d. At each time points are located at 6 . High blood sugar and insulin production in rat model of intervention methodsPrepared by the light of STZ-induced hyperglycemia in rats. With STZ 60mg/kg, high blood sugar and insulin in the intervention group rats a single intraperitoneal injection. Value for four rats with normal blood sugar a 6mmol / L, a week after injection, blood glucose ≥ / L for a successful model for alternative use. Model of high blood sugar after the success of the intervention group I rats were normal insulin, abdominal subcutaneous injection, 3 times / d, 4U / times qd for 3 days, the measured blood sugar value of the normal range.
Objective To evaluate acute and long2term angiographic and clinical outcomes of longstent or multiple overlapped stents (length ≥ 20 mm) implantation for diffuse atherosclerosis lesions inoctogenarians. Methods Long stent or multiple overlapped stents implantation was performed on 111diffuse native coronary lesions ( Group O : 47 lesions in 44 octogenarians ; Group Y: 64 lesions in 58 patientsaged under 60) . Baseline demographic , lesion characteristic , angiographic and procedural details weresimilar in these 2 groups. Six2month clinical and angiographic follow2up was completed in all cases. In2hospital and long2term outcomes were evaluated. Results Procedure success was 100 %for both had in2hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) . There was no significant difference inangiographic binary restenosis ( ≥50 % diameter stenosis) rate between the groups at follow2up ( Group Ovs. Group Y, 1218 % vs1 1019 % at 32month , 2918 % vs. 2616 % at 62month , P > 0105) . The rates oftarget lesion revascularization and MACE at follow2up were less in Group Y, but it showed no statisticalsignificance (718 % vs. 1016 % and 816 % vs. 1114 % at 32month , 1516 % vs. 2314 % and 2017 % % at 62month , respectively , P > 0105) . Conclusions Long stent implantation for diffuse lesionsin octogenarians appears safe and feasible , with high procedural success and favorable long2term outcomes.
这种比较专业性的好的免费的论文在网上很难找,就算找的应该也不是完整的,特别是免费的,建议你去学校图书馆阅览室,你不有阅览证吗?那里很多,选择性多呀,含金量也比较高.
去创新医学网一定能找到的，上面24科室的论文都有，而且全部免费，自己去找找吧！
随着国际学术交流的日益广泛，医学英语已经受到越来越多的重视，其表达方式具有复杂性、多样性的特点。医学英语属于科技英语，不同于日常英语，若想做好医学的翻译工作，就必须先了解医学英语的特点，掌握好医学英语的翻译方法。医学英语翻译与普通英语翻译却别在于医学英语要具备相关专业知识，主要是以词汇丰富，专业术语数量庞大等特点，包括词汇特点与句法特点，那么医学英语翻译有哪些翻译技巧呢？一、医学英语翻译特点医学英语翻译和其他类型的非文学翻译一样，有自身的一些特点，总结起来有三多：被动语态多，非谓语动词多，定语从句多。医学英语作为科技英语的一个分支，还应增加一多，即多重复句多，共四多。而在词汇方面，医学英语很多专业词汇来自于普通英语，而含有医学方面的特定含义，另外还有不少部分的医学英语词汇含有拉丁语和希腊语词素，因而词缀丰富、术语复杂，并且和其他非文学翻译一样多用名词定语和缩写词。二、医学翻译翻译技巧1、医学英语翻译中增减译法运用得当在医学英语翻译服务实践中，词量增减也是很重要的一个翻译技巧。翻译过程中要根据原文上下文意思、逻辑关系以及译文语言句法特点和表达习惯，在翻译时有时增加原文字面没有出现但实际内容已包含词，或者减去原文虽有但译文语言表达用不着词。2、医学英语整体的文体风格医学文体是随着商品生产以及贸易的发展而形成的一种文体形式，医学英语讲求的是逻辑的清晰和条理性、思维的准确严密以及结构的严谨性，避免使用陈旧笼统的医学术语，而是简明的现代英语来表达。3、医学英语词汇使用的专业性医学英语涉及医学理论和医学实践等方面，语言方面具有极强的专业性，医学英语翻译中包含大量的词汇，因此对于常见词汇的精确运用在翻译中很重要。医学英语翻译要大量的掌握这些具有医学含义的普通词和复合词和缩略词语。4、医学英语英译汉翻译技巧之专业词汇的精确运用医学英语的翻译要忠实、准确地将源语言的信息用目标语言表达出来，做到原文读者获得的信息与译文读者获得的信息内涵相等，即信息等值。结论：医学英语翻译是非文学翻译重要组成部分，除了熟悉文中探讨的翻译方法和技巧外，更应该不断丰富积累相关专业知识，把所学得知识活学活用，在实践中深化并积累经验，才能渐渐融入这一领域的翻译工作中去。
那好好 看看 医学论文的 例子 就知道怎么写了
你可以先和北京译顶科技那边沟通，然后就可以交给他们了，他们对于这一块还是很有权威性的，主要还是一对一的，有什么事可以及时交流的
医学论文好难的，我当时也是找的清北医学翻译，才搞定的。
学术堂整理了论文摘要翻译时需要注意的五大原则,供大家参考:一、要确保论文摘要翻译是完整的进行论文摘要翻译的过程当中必须要保证其完整性,特别是非常重要的信息.因为论文摘要是让读者快速了解论文内容的关键一环,所以论文摘要的王铮亮、准确性是不能打折扣的.要让论文所表述的方法、过程、结果有一个非常清楚的、完整的表达.二、不能有语法方面的错误在翻译过程当中语法错误算是比较多见的,针对论文摘要的翻译,一定要尽可能避免出现语法方面的错误.还需要注意一点的是,在翻译的时候必须要遵从目标语言的习惯,时态应用要准确.时态一般包括了一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时.如果是表述作者工作的通常是用过去时态,而表述工作结果的就要用现在时态.三、选择词语要谨慎论文的用词都是非常慎重的,精准简洁的词汇可以达到准确的、清楚的效果.因此翻译人员在进行论文摘要翻译的时候也必须要遵守这一原则.选词的时候务必要谨慎小心,不能出现歧义,争取做到准确、专业.四、要注重逻辑性论文摘要对于论文的整篇内容来说是一种概括性的表述,所以其逻辑性通常都是非常强的,每个句子都结构紧凑,修饰成分相对比较多.所以在进行翻译的时候,一定要先明确句子的主干,搞清楚每一个句子之间的逻辑关系和顺序,然后用简洁明了、生动的词汇来进行表述.五、格式和语言要规范学术论文是针对一个科学领域当中的学术问题进行的研究,并且将研究成果表述出来的文章.所以,一定要使用规范的格式和语言,避免用非专业的语言或者是符号、缩略语、生僻词等.在进行论文摘要翻译的时候,也需要做到这一点.
. 不能大改，只能小修。一是因为大改的话，实际上是在证明你没通过答辩，没有获得答辩专家的认可；二是因为答辩之前已经进行论文检测，那么，你最终提交的论文版本与检测版本要一致。这个“一致”的意思是，论文题目、结构、内容等不能有根本性变化。所以，改几个段落没问题，改几个小标题也没问题，但要是增加一个章节、目录大换血等操作就不行了。北京译顶科技做的不错，可以联系他们一下 加速查下。
翻译行业中针对不同题材的文稿有着不同的翻译标准，论文翻译是翻译中较为严谨的一种翻译类型，这种学术性翻译对于翻译的词汇水平、翻译技巧有着较高的要求，其中最为典型的便是论文翻译中的“八注意”，这是我们在翻译论文时最为可靠的“八项注意”!一、注意“从一而终”所有的论文，在权威平台上发布的时候都必须译为英文文稿，中文与英文之间在语法、语言习惯方面存在较大差别。其中汉语多用省略句，语言言简意赅，句式语法较为灵活；英文多用长句，讲究句式中的语法完整，在翻译过程中务必抓住精神实质，不可以不变应万变。至于怎么应变，这就是显示译者功力的地方了。比如：都是“问题”，共同关心的问题 questions of common interest解决问题 solve a problem问题的关键 the heart of the matter关键问题 a key problem原则问题 a question/ matter of principle悬而未决的问题 an outstanding issue二、注意望文生义，机械直译论文翻译中，汉语与英语在长期的独立发展过程中，不可能达到词汇之间完全的对应，翻译过程中难免遇到词汇之间的不对称现象，所以在翻译的过程中，要根据语境进行适当意译，以免望文生义，产生啼笑皆非的翻译三、注意“水土不符”，习惯搭配失当?中英之间的语法搭配存在较大差异，所以在翻译过程中不能一味按照一种语言的搭配方式来翻译，这的确是难度系数较大的问题，它要求论文翻译中译者既有较高的中文修养，又要有较高的英文造诣，一知半解的人常常在此“翻车”。四、注意“愚忠”，不谙增减之道在论文翻译过程中，我们必须根据两种语言之间的特点，对论文进行适当增减，例如：中文多省略，所以在翻译成英文的过程中需要进行适当增添，进行解释，而英文翻译为中文时，如果一味忠实翻译，将使得文章过于冗杂，则需要适当删减。五、注意语句重复这同样是由于论文翻译中两种语言的语法特点导致，汉语多重复，以强化语气；英语则要尽量避免重复。先生曰：“狼负我，狼负我！”狼曰：“吾非固欲负汝。天生汝辈，固需吾辈食也。”"You are an ungrateful beast," complained the man."Not at all," retorted the wolf, "it is not that I'm ungrateful, but you men were created for us to devour."?（颜惠庆译《马中锡·中山狼传》）六、注意主语暗淡论文翻译的主语是句子的灵魂， 定住译文的主语的是关键的一步棋。主语定偏了，整个句子将显得松散乏力，甚至会误导读者。如果这个问题不解决，势必影响两国的利益。Failure to settle this issue is bound impair the relations between the two countries seriously. If the problem is not solved , it is sure to affect the interests between the two countries在上面的两种译文中，显然第一种译文主语选得好，句子流畅。共同的利益把我们两个伟大的国家连接在一起。What holds our two great nations together is the cement of common interests.此句主语部分处理得颇为干练。七、注意结构单调，组合生硬 “拉郎配”由于汉英结构不同，表达方式迥异，“硬性翻译”不仅读起来别扭，而且会闹出笑话。这就要求译者在翻译时灵活使用整合的技巧，将句子整合，凸显汉语中所隐含的层次，补充所缺失的成分。有时要将简单句译成并列句，有时将并列句译成主从句。八、注意另起炉灶，走失精气神，沦为法国作家梅纳日所批评的 “不忠的美人”即语言优美但不忠于原文。（参见2005年08月26日《济南日报》：艾临文章《不忠的美人与忠实的美人——写在〈每天幽它一默〉出版后》）严复在翻译《天演论》时偶 有为“雅”而不“信” （见陈廷佑《英文汉译技巧》）。论文翻译要力求其“信”，尽可能契合汉语原来句子的气势、情绪和结构。以上便是论文翻译过程中的“八项注意”，这八条注意律不仅仅适用于论文翻译中，也可以在文学翻译中进行使用，但归根结底，翻译的准则只有一条：保证翻译的严谨规范，使得翻译后的句词保持原有的文意。
要求 1．简明扼要（short and concise） （1）尽量控制在一行，但不是一个句子 （2）不超过25个单词或120-140个字母 （3）除DNA、RNA、CT等不用缩写 2．信息丰富(informative) 3．便于索引（indexing） 4．较长标题可采用副标题
去创新医学网一定能找到的，上面24科室的论文都有，而且全部免费，自己去找找吧！
Objective To evaluate acute and long2term angiographic and clinical outcomes of longstent or multiple overlapped stents (length ≥ 20 mm) implantation for diffuse atherosclerosis lesions inoctogenarians. Methods Long stent or multiple overlapped stents implantation was performed on 111diffuse native coronary lesions ( Group O : 47 lesions in 44 octogenarians ; Group Y: 64 lesions in 58 patientsaged under 60) . Baseline demographic , lesion characteristic , angiographic and procedural details weresimilar in these 2 groups. Six2month clinical and angiographic follow2up was completed in all cases. In2hospital and long2term outcomes were evaluated. Results Procedure success was 100 %for both had in2hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) . There was no significant difference inangiographic binary restenosis ( ≥50 % diameter stenosis) rate between the groups at follow2up ( Group Ovs. Group Y, 1218 % vs1 1019 % at 32month , 2918 % vs. 2616 % at 62month , P > 0105) . The rates oftarget lesion revascularization and MACE at follow2up were less in Group Y, but it showed no statisticalsignificance (718 % vs. 1016 % and 816 % vs. 1114 % at 32month , 1516 % vs. 2314 % and 2017 % % at 62month , respectively , P > 0105) . Conclusions Long stent implantation for diffuse lesionsin octogenarians appears safe and feasible , with high procedural success and favorable long2term outcomes.
关于医学论文的话，这个里面包含了很多的专业词语，建议找北京译顶科技让他们给你翻译，毕竟他们那边是专业的，而且设计范围也很广
包括有：英语医学科技论文中分词、合成词作定语以及名词连缀的使用英语医学科技论文写作中的常见错误英文医学科技论文中数词的用法及数字的写法外文斜体的使用方法 希望能帮助到你，望采纳！
NaQing sex deep overburden front teeth tooth meets the clinical experience treatmentAbstract: objective to investigate NaQing sexual front teeth tooth overburden match not deep treatment of factors, correction method and the matters needing attention. Methods selection NaQing sex deep overburden front teeth and 18 cases, are not case tooth correction. Results treatment completion time 15 to 21 months, average months. Correction by first teeth together, facial side cover normal appearance was coordination. Conclusion anterior tooth NaQing sex should be repeated in deep choosing good indications fits the tooth under treatment.
Clinical Experience in the Non-extraction Correction of Lingual Tripping Deep Bite of the Front : Objective: To explore the factors, methods and matters of caution regarding the non-extraction correction of lingual tripping deep bite of the front : To select 18 cases of lingual tripping deep bite of the front teeth and conduct relevant non-extraction corrections. Result: The correction work was completed in 15-21 months, the average of each correction was months. The overbite and overjet of the front teeth of patients have become normal and the facial profiles harmonized after the : Non-extraction correction of lingual tripping deep bite of the front teeth should be conducted only on well selected indications. 【英语牛人团】
这个建议楼主多看一些医学论文的范文。或者缠一下老师什么的，总之得靠自己..哈哈
医学论文英文摘要常用句型 在那个 创新医学网 上看到过的 应该够详细了吧英文摘要限500个实词左右，一般须以第三人称过去式叙述。用词准确，逻辑性强，结构严谨。结果和结论一般用句子表达；而目的、方法（设计、地点和对象）等，则常用短语表达。（1）英文摘要的时态与语态1)说明研究目的，通常用一般现在时或一般过去时。2)说明方法和结果，一般用一般过去时、第三人称的被动语态表达。3）结论通常用一般现在时、被动语态表达，也可用主动语态表达。（2）常用句型1)表达论文内容的常用句型A 第三人称主动态①This paper(article，report)describes…本文叙述…②This paper (article)reports…本文报告…③This report(paper，article)presents…本文介绍…④This paper(article，report)discusses…本文讨论…常用的动词还有analyze(分析)，evaluate(评价)，compare(比较)，describe（描述）等。B 第一人称主动态⑤We report(on)…我们报告…⑥We describe a case of… 我们描述1例…⑦In this paper，we present… 本文介绍…⑧In this paper，we report… 本文报告…主语除we之外，还可用the authors(作者)等。C 一般现在时被动语态⑨A case is reported in which… 本文报告1例…⑩A study of…is reported本文报告…的研究⑧…is(are)described． 本文描述…⑥In this paper．…is(are)presented． 本文介绍…2)表达目的常用句型A 一般过去时、被动语态①The purpose（aim，objective） of this study was to… 本研究旨在…②The goal（aim） of this investigation was to… 本研究旨在…③This study was designed to… 本研究旨在…④This study was undertaken to… 本研究旨在…⑤This prospective study was performed to… 本前瞻性研究的目的是…⑥A study to…was carried out(during) (在…期间)所作研究的目的是…⑦An attempt has been made to… 为了…而作试验B 动词不定式短语To evaluate，report，investigate，study，analyze…C 一般过去时、主动语态⑧We（the authors）conducted a study to… 为了…我们进行了研究⑨To determine…，we studied… 为了确定…，我们研究了…⑩In an attempt to…，in an effort to…或in order to…，we carried out a pilot study… 为了…，我们进行了…的初步研究表示目的的常用动词有：evaluate(评价)，examine(检查，观察)，determine(确定，查明)，elucidate(阐明)，explore(探索)，test(测试)，compare(比较)，estimate(评估)，assess(估价)，investigate(调查)等。3)表达方法的常用句型A 方法表达研究类型 Prospective, Retrospective, Cohort，Case-control，in vivo, in vitro①Using…(technique)，we studied… 我们用…(技术)研究了…②Using…，it was found that… (我们)用…发现了…③…was(were)measured using… (我们)用…测定了…④…was(were)analyzed （reviewed） by… (我们)用…分析（回顾）了…⑤…was(were)treated with… (我们)用…治疗了…⑥…measurements were made of… 测定了…常用的动词还有：study，measure，determine， investigate，isolate，demonstrate，examine，identify等。B 分组（主语通常为patients，subjects，animals）⑦…were randomly divided （grouped） into…groups …被随机分成…组⑧…were separated into…groups based on… 根据…，将…分成…组⑨The groups were as follows： 分组如下：C 治疗或检查方法⑩… was performed（used） in (on)…patients 我们对…患者施行（应用）了…(patients) underwent…endoscopy (患者)进行了…内镜检查Surgical procedures, assay(immunohistochemistry, molecular biology…) 手术方法，测试方法…C 统计学方法Statistical methods: Student’s t test, χ2 … was used for4)表达结果的常用句型A 一般句型①The results showed （demonstrated） that…结果表明…②It was found that… (我们)发现…③It was observed that… (我们)观察到…第②和③句也可改为第一人称：We found that…和We observed that…。B 增加或减少④…decreased by(40％)…降低(40％)…⑤…(a 70％) reduction in…was observed …观察到…降低(70％)⑥There was a(15％) elevation in……增高(15％)⑦…resulted in (a marked) increase in… …导致…(明显)增高⑧…was lowered from…to… …从…下降到…表达增加或减少的常用动词还有rise，raise，decline，drop，fall，lower等。可用by表示是净增减的数或倍数，例如“…increase by 40％”，表示“增加40％”；而to表示增加或减少到某个具体数值。C 相关与差别⑨There was a significant linear correlation between…and… …与…有显著的线性相关性⑩…showed no strong correlation between…and… …显示…与…无密切相关性⑩…correlated positively with… …与…呈正相关⑥A negative correlation was found between…and… 发现…与…呈负相关⑩There was （were）（no）significant difference（s）or （No）significant difference（s）was found（observed） between…and… …与…之间…（无）有显著差别P value P值（需写出具体数字）⑩…was closely related to… …与…密切相关表示相互关系的常用词还有relationship(关系)，association(联系)，regression(回归)。D 表示改善或保持⑩…demonstrated a significant improvement in… …方面呈明显改善⑩…values returned to (preoperative)levels …值恢复到(手术前)水平⑩…remained at a mean of… …保持在…平均值水平5)表达结论的常用句型A 常用提示句型①These results suggest that…结果提示…②These findings indicate that… 这些发现表明…③The data （study）show the need for… 数据（研究）表明需要…④The results support the concept that… 结果支持…的概念⑤Our observations confirm that… 我们的观察证实…imply(提示)，demonstrate(证明)和illustrate(说明)B 做出结论或建议⑥We conclude that… 我们的结论是…⑦We suggest that…我们建议…⑧We believe that… 我们认为…⑨We postulate that…我们设想…⑩It is concluded that… 结论是…⑩It is suggested （proposed）that… 结果提示…，建议…（虚拟语气）⑥It is recommended that… 建议…⑩It is estimated that… 估计……is(are)suggested(recommended)…propose …asC 表示一致性⑩These results accord with… 结果与…一致⑩The results are concordant with…结果与…一致⑧The results agree well with…结果与…一致be consistent with，in accordance with(…与…一致)to parallel(与…相平行)D 结果转向结论⑥Thus，therefore，hence …因此，…⑥In conclusion．…最后，…⑩From this study，we conclude that…根据本项研究，我们的结论是…⑧These findings，coupled with the observation that…，suggest that…这些发现连同对…的观察结果一起，提示…⑨In the light of this experience we therefore conclude that… 根据这个经验，我们得出…的结论E 表达今后方向The mechanisms by which…remain to be investigated关于…的机制仍需研究Further studies are necessary to (evaluate)… 有必要进一步研究，以(评价)…注：按MEDLINE要求，PURPOSE，METHODS，RESULTS，CONCLUSIONS全部用大写，后加冒号。英文必须在半角状态下输入，不能全角、半角混用。