是有人一直在催女心理师师姐来要F档案，并不是这个师姐想要。
真正想要f档案的是李云么，其实并不是的，因为从李云接到的电话可以得知，是有人来催李云和老师要f档案的，可那个人是谁，没有人能知道。
在杨紫、井柏然主演的电视剧《女心理师》中，F档案可谓是最神秘的存在。叶家辉为了找到F档案，什么手段都能使得出来，已陷入魔障。
贺顿的师姐因为F档案，选择了自毁前程。贺顿的姬铭聪也因F档案而疑神疑鬼的，把F档案藏来藏去，真是不得安宁。最后，在不得已的情况下，他把F档案给烧了。当然，叶家辉并不知道这一点，仍在发狂地寻找。
根据剧中的一些线索，很多观众都能对F档案做初步的判断。F档案应该是姬铭聪早些年的一些来访者的相关资料。这个来访者是女性，叫傅堂，可能是叶家辉的母亲。
总结如下：
从开头就走悬疑路线的F档也逐渐揭秘了。原来，F档是姬教授的一个来访者。她应该是双相情感障碍患者，姬教授一直以她为研究对象，做了大量数据，甚至希望以她作为自己的一个论文。
但是，在咨询过程中，他爱上了她。为了不伤害她，他决定放弃这篇论文。没想到，这篇论文却成为叶念棠攻击他的“武器”。
而叶家辉，则是“F”档主角傅棠的儿子。预告中，贺顿通过师姐找到了傅棠，想必大众对姬教授的误解也会解开。而且，叶家辉应该也能被贺顿和钱开逸治愈。
因为她演技好，将角色诠释得很好。我觉得她是一个很优秀的演员，不论是正派角色还是反派角色，都能够演绎得很精彩。
因为在这部剧当中，它的整个演技和整个角色是非常的合适的，所以才会给到很多观众，一种演技大爆炸的感觉，至少没有给我们带来太大的失望。
实力派演员杨童舒在剧中扮演傅棠。当她上线时，她以一个形象牢牢地吸引了观众的注意力。《女心理师》中杨童舒的演技大爆炸，小编觉得原因如下：
1、“《女心理师》杨童舒的外表感”立刻登上了微博热搜索的前排，正是凭借她的演技，双向情感障碍患者傅唐被解读得非常准确，这甚至引发了全网关于“什么是双向情感障碍”的讨论，并登上了多条微博和抖音热搜索。
2、在《女心理师》中，傅棠作为一个对比强烈的角落，很容易引起观众对角色的期待。虽然她是一个精神病患者，但她用双手和双脚展示了她的文学风格。她会拉小提琴，画画，有时还会跳两段舞。她不是一个疯女人，而是一个美丽、优雅、体贴、有洞察力的女性患者。
3、傅棠极端性格的影响有着自然的戏剧性冲突，但也考验着杨童舒对这个角色的理解。在她看来，即使是极端的角色也需要层次感，他们需要观众能够耐心跟随的线索来进入情节。在杨童舒的塑造下，傅棠的美流露出一种神秘而危险的气氛。许多观众称赞杨的演技，并留言说：“不同的状态是精致的，这是惊人的。
4、虽然傅棠的角色只出现在《女心理师》的最后。但从第一集开始，她的故事就引导了整部剧的发展。可以说，杨童舒是这部剧中第一个隐藏的女孩。这一次在《女心理师》中，杨童舒饰演的傅棠是一个更加悲惨的女人。
5、《女心理师》里杨童舒的演技真的很扎实，把傅棠演绎得有血有肉，既有属于母亲的温情温柔、也有属于女孩的美丽浪漫，当然也有犯病时的疯癫。同期播出的《香山叶正红》中，杨童舒却演绎出了完全和女心理师里不一样的端庄大气。真是一人千面的好演员。
Abstract: With the increasing development of social psychology and research topics are also increasingly enriched and expanded. From the early community to promote research and development to the study of social lazy; obedience from the research, development and obedience to the anti-independence of the study, from violations of the research and development to the spirit of altruism; attracted from the research and development to love The study from the human perception of the research, development attributed to the study, and so on. Shows that the social psychology of vision is increasingly broad and in-depth. In the system through the introduction of social psychology of self-concept and self-efficacy and the acquisition of self-control and to help to deepen our understanding of the social psychology of self-concept of self - Understanding and knowledge of people and events in the community, understand their own, have been understanding of "I" the true meaning of the words:) self-concept of self-efficacy of self-control Learned Helplessness
A Dream's Worth, Lesson on Psychology of DreamsA picture is worth a thousand words. You've heard it so many times that it sounds trite. But a picture really IS worth a thousand words. And if a dream is a very special kind of picture, how much is IT worth? Maybe more? What about very simple pictures and very simple dreams? No doubt they're worth a little bit less than complex, elaborate ones. Or are they? In my psychotherapy course one day, I presented my undergraduate students with these questions. "Here's a very simple dream from a psychotherapy client I worked with years ago. I won't tell you anything about the client. I'll just tell you his dream, and then lets see what we can discover about him by exploring it...... Here's the dream:" "I was wearing a white shirt and a purple tie." The students just stare at me, expecting more to come. "No," I explain, "that's it. That's the dream. Now let's start to explore it." I then lead them through a group process of free associating to the dream (much like I describe on the Working and Playing with Dreams Page). "Just let your imagination go. Take every element of the dream and just let your mind wander on it. Whatever comes to mind. Don't censor anything, that's important. There is no right or wrong. It can be a fun, playful exercise - although the results sometimes may be serious and powerful. Freud thought that free association bypasses the defenses of rational, logical thinking and unlocks deeper links within the unconscious. It opens one up to fantasy, symbolism, and emotion - the very place from which dreams spring." Here is a list of some of the associations the students come up with. For the purpose of this article I've organized them somewhat, whereas during the actual exercise the ideas surface in a much more freewheeling stream of consciousness: PURPLE .... royalty, bruises, choking, holding one's breath, grief, a combination of blue and pink, goes well with black, The Color of Purple TIE .... formal attire, going to work, phallic symbol, tied up, being tied to something, chokes the neck, confining PURPLE TIE .... unconventional, stands out, rebellious, showing off WHITE .... clean, pure, unstained, "good," light SHIRT .... the top part, covered up, tucked in, stuffed shirt, where are the pants? WHITE SHIRT.... conventional, boring, going to work, going to church, corporate America WHITE SHIRT AND PURPLE TIE.... unusual combination, contradictory combination, very unconventional, tie really stands out DEPLETION?.... there's nobody else in the dream, it's so static, there's nothing happening, where are the feelings? After we finish this free associating, I then describe the client to the class. At the time Dan had the dream, he was 23 years old. I would describe him as a quiet, held-back person who was very confined (the tie) in how he talked, behaved, and felt towards others. Put bluntly, people found him rather boring to be with (white shirt). His emotional and interpersonal life were choked (the tie). He had almost no friends and felt little connection to his family (the tie again). Other than going to his tedious job (white shirt) as a low level technician for a computer company, essentially nothing was happening in his static, uneventful life (depletion). Dan was also very limited in understanding anything but the most surface, top-level (shirt) characteristics of his personality. Although outwardly conventional in how he dressed and acted at his job (white shirt), secretly he felt rebellious against authority (purple tie on white shirt) and generally superior (purple) to most people. He liked to think of himself as a political activist who firmly believed in the rights of abused (purple) people and felt more tied to them than anyone else. Comparing outside to inside, he was a bit of a contradiction (white shirt on purple tie). But none of these issues is what consciously drove him to therapy. What he most desperately needed to discuss and resolve was the fact that he was homosexual (purple tie). Yet he didn't know whether he wanted to come out of the closet or not (the tie). Part of him wanted to let everyone know, to even show off and parade the fact that he was gay (purple tie on white shirt), to escape the feeling that his identity was being restrained and choked (more tie). His rebellious, unconventional side liked that idea. He sometimes did indeed bravely experiment with revealing his gay identity by wearing a purple triangle, which to him symbolized being homosexual (a combination of pink and blue). But another side of him (purple tie versus white shirt) was afraid to come out. He sometimes felt dirty, tainted, sick, for being gay. That part of him wanted to be somehow cleansed and redeemed (white shirt). Part of the problem was that sex in general was a very unpleasant issue for him. When he was young he had had surgery on his genitals. He still felt insecure and "bruised" (purple) down there. He was so conflicted about sex that I sometimes wondered if he had been sexually abused as a child (purple tie?, suffocating tie?). A dream, even a simple one, is worth at least a thousand words. Freud thought that there was no limit to how much you could analyze a dream. You can always go further and further into the symbols, the links of associations, the memories that generate a dream. At some deep unconscious level, any dream fans out into the infinite horizon of emotion and thought that constitute the individual psyche... that even transcends the individual psyche and constitutes us all. 920字左右，觉得不够你还可以再在开头或者结尾加一小段。本片小论文短小精悍，包括了理论与案例分析。觉得还能用的话希望能尽快加分：）
Educational Psychology is the study of education and the process of teaching, education and psychological activities of the educated, and changes in the law and its branch of psychology. It is one between science and education between the edge of psychological science disciplines. Educational Psychology in the late 19th century to become an independent discipline, but the history of the many educators have been able to consciously practice in education and in accordance with the psychological state of people in a targeted manner of teaching. Ancient Chinese educator Confucius on the proposed "no outcry not Kai, Fei is not a" heuristic teaching methods. The Socrates in ancient Greece also made "I do not give people the knowledge, but to bring their knowledge of the midwives" This kind of ideological and educational psychology. Modern Western ideas of education tend to education theory in psychology on the basis of research results, which is to promote educational psychology as an independent subject of preconditions. German psychologist Herbart book "general education", "psychology textbooks" and other books on the psychology of education to establish a pioneering role. Although not yet the use of "educational psychology" of the name, but in fact has become a combination of education and psychology an integral entity. Herbart in teaching theory, the teaching is divided into education and non-teaching education teaching two, the former refers to ethics, morality, will, character training, the latter refers to imparting knowledge, skills, the intellect, both of which are Must be based on the theory of psychology. In discussing the issue of education and teaching, he attached particular importance to "the interest aroused," and interest into the experience of interest, speculative interest, aesthetic interest, compassion interest, social interest and the interest in religion, such as six. These psychological state, can guide the orientation of children's attention and caused psychological thrill, promote ideological and lively and vigorous spirit. The interest of education and psychology to become a link to an important connection point. Herbart before the Pestalozzi practice in education and education ideologically inspired later on the importance of education theorist psychology in education also played a role in a certain impact. Experimental Psychology is the selection of educational psychology as an independent subject of another important condition, which led to the emergence of experimental pedagogy. Experimental Education is a pioneer in educational psychology and experimental psychology and pedagogy is the product of combining. Germany's Levin and Mo Yiman regarded experimental psychology and the theory of extensive education and teaching theories other. Levin book "On the experimental teaching," a book that is actually educational psychology for the content of the book, for educational psychology as an independent subject of psychology laid a theoretical foundation. Test of Educational Psychology in the formation of the development process played an important catalytic role, it encourages the combination of education and psychology, educational psychology provide the birth of the theory and method. Education is often referred to因材施教principle, because there are individual differences among students. How to adapt to individual differences and因材施教, education and psychology is the common task. Intelligence tests and educational testing system is implemented by teaching classes must master the psychological state of the two students to understand and effectiveness of teaching tools. School enrolment and attendance after measuring the academic performance of students and students of case studies, to test various applications. Educational psychology as an independent scientific experiments should be attributed to the Thorndike grams. In 1903 he published "Educational Psychology," a book to the school context detailed account of the concept of learning, this is the true modern educational psychology beginning. 1913, which works for the expansion of the three volumes, including human nature, learning psychology, individual differences and the reasons for the three most. He put the three major study law (legal effect and in preparation for law and practice law) and individual differences in theory, be 20 years before and after the educational psychology of the important issues covered. As Thorndike grams of the educational psychology research study focused on the psychological aspects, leading to the Educational Psychology of the Chinese community as a long-term psychological study of the educational psychology research main target. Before and after the 1920s, acts of Psychology, Gestalt psychology and psychoanalysis, and other school of thought came to China, modern China to have a certain impact on education. Gestalt introduced to China after school, educational psychology began to "epiphany" in learning the position, no longer limited to trying to errors, and stimulate the response of the association, psychology by the issue of Educational Psychology, Educational Psychology To expand the scope of the study Thorndike three grams of learning outside the law "epiphany", will also Gestalt school of "the overall concept," "transfer", "precision law", "completed in principle." Principle, the principle applied to the education of. The theory of the 1930s prompted the Chinese education community attaches importance to the psychology of research, attention to environment on the psychological impact. Freud's analysis of school so that the spirit of renewed focus on awareness of educational psychology research, in particular the subconscious and unconscious issues. Emotional attention to educational psychology in education and the role of the teaching process, the introduction of mental health education and knowledge in the teaching process, are also subject to the impact of this school. Bafuluofu doctrine came to China after the 1950s not only affected the psychology of the basic theory, also affected the educational psychology. Two of his theory of the signal system, to provide educational psychology according to a new theory, but also to find the educational psychology and natural sciences linked to the tie. The second signal system theory that children with speech problems thinking of the educational psychology research into the main target. With the development of education and social development, to meet the needs of the development of education, educational psychology of the increasing tasks, the study of the Luenダ┏ Yuan Mu = defectors � specify г Sheng ⒄ hook tarsal Chan � Into the � target Mu-miao Kang � from hard-core Austrian silly milk to � ⑶ Jia Ye Huosu � apricot Shi confidence � hand-han Chennai paternity Suan K Shuang retting defectors � absorbed said �-di-na-na ⒄ ditch dedicated to find Mo Ying Cong � book Tuo chewing Street dedicated Yong Luanhe � ⒌ Lai-Lai worry about it Fortunately Last Zhu wolf Last armed Na allopurinol �? Nbsp; Modern scientific development, especially in modern biology, anthropology, sociology, medicine and psychiatry on the development of educational psychology have an impact, to keep it updated to meet the requirements of social development. After the Second World War, the Western educational psychologists have the task of educational psychology and targets put forward specific proposals. 1947, the United States will set up a psychology of educational psychology research planning committee that the educational psychology should include the following five aspects, namely, human growth and development, including genetic and environmental, and general growth and development, social and emotional development, The basic theory of motivation, intelligence, aptitude and interest, and individual differences in learning, including learning the nature of the factors affecting learning, learning motivation, skills, reasoning and problem-solving, attitude and special subjects of study, training and the transfer of ; Personality and adaptation, including emotions, students and teachers of mental health, special children, integrity and social activities; measurement and evaluation, including measurement of the basic principles, intelligence and aptitude of measurement, measuring learning to adapt to the measurement and Measuring the results of the application of methods of educational psychology and technology, including the issue of education research, statistical techniques, as well as for teachers provided by the research methods. . "Psychology Yearbook" integrated all the more consistent view that the educational psychology research tasks and targets should include eight items: education assessment and evaluation of measurement; development of the characteristics of children; special children and their education; about learning psychology Education; special subjects of study; learning counselling and psychological health of teachers and staff contributed to the study of teachers; educational psychology approach. Observation is the most basic educational psychology research methods. Observation of the implementation of collective activities in class or in the individual conversation, the external activities and performance of observation, but also the psychological reaction of pupils to observe the students or the written material for analysis. The general investigation and survey sample survey. The former is for all classes or school-wide investigation, which in turn at random, stratified sample cluster sampling, such as the proportion of sampling. Survey questionnaires can be divided into the way law and the interview method. The questionnaire method is through the preparation of all kinds of different tests to investigate a variety of teaching effectiveness, surveying the various intelligence, aptitude and character than the questionnaire method can be educated more in-depth understanding of education in the psychological characteristics of Changes. Various tests of the establishment and use of various scales, should ensure its validity and reliability. Comparative study in general is strictly controlled conditions of the experiment carried out. The subjects were divided into various conditions (intelligence, Xueli, age, mental quality, etc.) basically the same as the two groups, a group called the experimental group, another group called the control group, in the experimental group of students before a new stimulus, For example, new materials, while the control group will be kept frequent use of teaching materials. After a teaching time, and then measuring the two groups of academic performance, learning speed, understanding of the two groups compare the characteristics and advantages and disadvantages. The different teaching methods and various other teaching and learning problems, can make different designs, different experiment. Natural experiment in the day-to-day learning environment for the conduct experiments, which can be removed in the laboratory experiments were caused by unnecessary pressure, the trial was the normal psychological state, but the relevant variables difficult to strictly control. Today, China regards the development of education at an important position, educational psychology research has a very broad prospects.
Divorce, another injury to a childIn recent years, China's divorce rate was gradually rising trend, accounting for about marriage a few of 10%. Children of divorced parents on psychosomatic health can not be ignored negative impact. A related study shows that: 54% of divorced families of the children in emotional and emotional problems, manifested as depression little Huan, easily angered, and the tense relations between the same age children, and even heap, psychological and behavioral deviations. How to help children adapt to life after the divorce of their parents, will not affect the healthy development of their personality, psychologists recommended: Grasping her own feelings: divorce, the vast majority of couples are not a happy thing. Abandoning the child as "punching bag" and venting their emotions, divorce is not the child's fault. We should continue to give their children a warm and caring can help children grow up. To live together with their children: some divorced couples to take their children to the custody of their elders or other relatives, their only map where he considers safe. This will have the children feel abandoned by their parents, have inferiority and resentment, pessimistic turn hostile society. His father or mother after the divorce party should assume the obligation to bring up children, create a harmonious family home atmosphere. Not that spouses坏话: Most of the children after their parents divorce, hope that they can reunion between, and is willing to maintain good relations with them. However, if the dependent child's party vandalism parent-child relationship, often in front of the children said that the former spouse坏话, not conducive to the cultivation of mental health, this will affect their future happiness of love and marriage. Communicate with your child: before and after the couple divorced in, we should talk more communication with their children, why should tell his parents divorce, the marriage to have a correct understanding of the objective, and not simply as which side is wrong. If the lack of communication, some children of divorced parents will be attributed to them, there can not悦纳themselves, the loss of self-confidence, and other psychological crisis, vulnerable emerging extreme acts. Do not deprive parents love: not by blood between husband and wife, although the divorce, but parents and children of the parent-child relationship will never change. Some people, after divorce, child custody prohibit their former spouses and relatives between the exchanges, forcing kids do not recognize this gate relatives, to express their grievances, all of which are undesirable. After the divorce both parents should not be lightly denied the integrity of the children's love, perfect for the child's personality can be more caring. The child is innocent, the divorced parents should love to give them a little care, do not let children have been hurt by divorce. Even when one of remarriage, should also regularly visit the children, sharing family happiness.有两处中文自己解决下吧。
The feminist movement (also known as the Women's Movement or Women's Liberation) is a series of campaigns on issues such as reproductive rights (sometimes including abortion), domestic violence, maternity leave, equal pay, sexual harassment, and sexual violence. The goals of the movement vary from country to country, . opposition to female genital cutting in Sudan, or to the glass ceiling in Western countries. The history of feminist movements has been divided into three "waves" by feminist scholars. Each is described as dealing with different aspects of the same feminist issues. The first wave refers to the feminism movement of the 19th through early 20th centuries, which dealt mainly with the Suffrage movement. The second wave (1960s-1980s) dealt with the inequality of laws, as well as cultural inequalities. The Third wave of Feminism (1990s-current), is seen as both a continuation and a response to the perceived failures of the Second-wave. The feminist movement reaches far back before the 18th century, but the seeds of modern feminist movement were planted during the late part of that century. Christine de Pizan, a late medieval writer, was possibly the earliest feminist in the western tradition. She is believed to be the first woman to make a living out of writing. Feminist thought began to take a more substantial shape during The Enlightenment with such thinkers as Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and the Marquis de Condorcet championing women's education. The first scientific society for women was founded in Middleberg, a city in the south of the Dutch republic, in 1785. Journals for women which focused on issues like science became popular during this period as well. The period of feminist activity during the nineteenth century and early twentieth century in the United Kingdom and the United States is referred to as the first wave of feminism. It focused primarily on gaining the right of women's suffrage. The term, "first-wave," was coined retrospectively after the term second-wave feminism began to be used to describe a newer feminist movement that focused as much on fighting social and cultural inequalities as further political inequalities.
More than 1,200 representatives of China's 650 million women will discuss women's progress over the last five years at the Tenth National Women's Congress from Oct. 28 to 31. 本月28日至31日,第十届妇女代表大会将召开,届时将有超过1200名出席者代表全国亿的妇女,参会讨论近五年来妇女的发展.In September 2004, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee stressed the training and selection of women cadres. 2004年9月,中国共产党第16大4中全会,着重指出加强培训机制和妇女骨干的选拔.The Law on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women, which was amended in 2005, stipulated that "gender equality is a basic national policy". 2005年修改的"妇女利益权力保护"法律中,规定了"性别平等是基本国家政策".Last year, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council ordered an end to sex discrimination and demanded better education on laws and regulations on women and children's rights during family planning work. 去年在家庭计划工作会议上,国务院下令禁止性别歧视,并要求妇女儿童接受教育的权力的相关法律规范出台.Training centers and organizations have been established to provide services for migrant women workers. 建立了培训中心和机构,为外来务工妇女提供服务.Women account for percent of China's total employed population and for more than 40 percent of all public servants. 在中国总务工人口中,妇女占了,有超过40%的从事公众服务型行业.Female deputies comprise percent of the National People's Congress (NPC), up percentage points from the previous congress, and women make up percent of the National Committee of the 11th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), up 1 percentage point.女性代表占与会人数的,比上届会议增长了个百分点. 同时,在第11届政协会议中,妇女人数占,比上届增长1个百分点.
前言：本文是对 UC Berkeley 语言学家 Robin Lakoff 在1972年发表的论文《Language and woman's place》的主题和内容进行解析的文章，摘录了 Lakoff 在文中所提出的部分典型例子、结合她所处的时代/英文语境以及我自己所处的时代/中文语境的体验，进行解析、对比及延伸。
论文总体介绍： 这篇论文常被视为在社会语言学领域、讨论语言与性别关系的具有开创意义的重要之作，启发了往后至今很多关于这方面的话题和观点。Lakoff 认为，当前在日常语言使用习惯中，有很多例子都反映了女性在社会上被边缘化和不被作为独立个体重视（not being taken seriously）的情况，以及根深蒂固且可能无意识的性别歧视。主要包括以下几种现象：
1. 女性使用的词语表达更显“琐碎”（trivial）。 2. 女性不被鼓励使用感情色彩强烈的用语（strong expression）。 3. 一些形容女性的词语需要被委婉语替代/美化（euphemism）。
另外，论文的论点和例子都是基于 Lakoff 自己的研究和生活观察，并没有统计数据做支撑（不过她也在论文开头论述了自己搜集素材和结论的合理性），同时我延伸的例子和讨论也是基于自己的生活体验，因此不免有少虑和多虑的情况，但会尽量避免以偏概全。读者可斟酌接纳观点、或可直接通过评论和私信和我讨论。
Lakoff 首先提出了一个例子：女性通常比男性更能准确地区分并命名颜色，比如紫色里可以分紫色/淡紫色/薰衣草紫（purple/mauve/lavender）等等。我也举个很简单的生活例子——口红的颜色，大家就懂了。
像上图这样的段子很常见，一些男性朋友也常以此自黑。而Lakoff提到：
男性会认为能不能说准口红色号根本不重要（类似的例子包括衣服样式、花的种类等），而从这个词汇现象中反映的则是现实中比较普遍的认知偏见：女性会更专注在一些琐碎的事情上，而在一些重要的事情上不应该让她们做决定（women are not expected to make decisions on important matters），包括商业层面、政治层面的决策等。
为什么说是偏见？因为这些“琐碎”的事情本身不一定是琐碎的，只是被男性认为是不重要的（因为与自己无关），然后冠以“不重要”的标签。久而久之，社会上就形成一种刻板印象——“女性很擅长处理那些琐碎的事务，就让她们干这个吧”——作为降低女性的地位、稳固自身群体地位的借口。
b 句采用了感情色彩比较强烈的用语（通常带粗话），相比之下 a 句的语气比较温和她表示，一般情况下的日常对话中，上面的 a 句更倾向于被认为是出自女性之口、b 句出自男性之口。虽然也有一些女性会习惯使用 b 类句，尤其是当下网络时代，但在面对面对话场景中女性使用 b 类句还是会或多或少被烙以“粗鲁”的印象，而人们对男性使用这类句子的容忍度会更高。
如果把上面两类用语简单分为“女性语言”和“男性语言”，我们会发现另一个现象：一部分女性会开始使用“男性语言”，但反过来，“女性语言”很少被男性使用。Lakoff 基于这个现象引申出：一些以往被男性主导的工作也开始有女性参与，但很少男性会主动去参与以往被女性主导的工作（如家庭主妇、护士）。这可能是因为：
在社会上掌握主导权的群体，他们的言行、观念会被其它群体所吸收接受，反过来却不成立。 在父权社会中，女性如果想被尊重，需要“像男人一样强悍”、证明“我也能做男人做的事” ，而男性没有任何必要去理解女性群体、接纳她们的观点。
回到上面的两个例句，Lakoff 认为这也代表了一种看待男女性的态度的差异（尤其是对孩童）：人们希望男孩能有“男子气概”、充满精神斗志（high spirits）、需要强硬一点，而希望女孩能更加温顺、贤惠。在交谈讨论的过程中，使用语气强烈、态度明确的用语，往往能更容易获得对方的注意。同样的，当一个人能自由准确地表达自己的情绪时，才能被别人重视（as a real individual in one's own right）。因此，这种在用语上的区别对待也更加巩固了在社会中男性的强势地位。
当一个常用的含贬义的单词或用语、或一个单词常被人联系到一些让人不安、尴尬的事物时，人们就会用一些 委婉词（euphemism） 去取代它/美化它，以便能让人们在公众场合放心地使用它。
其中“woman”这个词就是 Lakoff 提到的一个重要例子。在她观察到的、在英文的很多语境中，“lady”都会作为委婉词去替代 woman，她称 woman 常被联想到 housewife（家庭主妇）甚至是 broad（对女性的不尊称呼，相当于中文的“婆娘”），称呼 lady 比称呼 woman 听起来更有礼貌。
在中文语境也有很典型的例子，就是原本一个很正常的描述“妇女节”，近年来被很多花里胡哨的“女神节/女王节”的称呼取代。主要原因应该还是在于“妇女”这个词常与已婚女性、家庭主妇、年长女性等概念挂钩（即使本来的定义是“14岁以上的女性”）。
我不清楚这个趋势是从什么时候开始的，但我知道商业市场是其中一大推力。通过对妇女节再包装，冠以女王女神等时尚的名头，本来“平平无奇”的、赞扬女性社会贡献的日子，摇身一变成为电商狂欢节。事实上，很多女性也吃这一套，觉得这种称呼的变化是美化了自己的形象，也让这个日子更加被重视。
但真的是这样吗？委婉语确实可以让人更舒服地去谈论一个事物/概念，但也很容易让人忽视这个事物原本的意义，因为越来越少人谈论它。而世界范围内大部分有关女性权益的组织、官方定义等都以“妇女（woman）”为准，包括妇女联合会、National Organization for Women 等。如果我们都把“妇女”贬义化，避而不谈，那么女性就更有可能被随意定义了。
妇女这个词不被正视，很容易导致女性权益不被正视； 对妇女节的商业包装，很容易导致女性被商业化和物化。
所以可以发现，今年电商平台有关“女神节”的logo或装饰都没以往显眼（上面以及下面的截图已经是个二级页面了），或者直接改为“3·8节”。
另外，Lakoff 也指出了 woman 的另一个委婉语 girl，通常是用作讨好女性、说她们很年轻。 在中文语境里也有类似的例子，比如祝福女性生日快乐时会习惯祝福“年年十八”、“永葆青春”之类的，一些女性自己生日时也会说“又一个18岁生日”。而在偏正式的环境里（比如办公环境），“我们办公室的一个女生/女孩......”，这两种称呼都很正常，但很少会出现“我们办公室的一个男孩......”这样的用法。
形容女性年轻，本身没什么问题，但要知道，“年轻”本身也容易让人联系到“不成熟”、“没担当”等特征。如果过分强调女性都是年轻的，就很容易形成女性都不成熟的刻板印象。
在 Lakoff 37页的论文里，还有很多其它语言现象的例子，能够说明女性在社会的地位是不受重视的，但我们没有必要对每个用语都锱铢必较，或者说要求人们一个个纠正，因为这只是人们在认知层面、社会层面就已经形成的固有思维（对女性地位的不重视）的具体表现，之一。正如 Lakoff 论文结尾所说的：
最重要的还是让人们意识到不公真实存在、广泛存在（这也是这篇论文和我写这篇文章的主要目的），重新好好地思考导致不公的原因，重新去了解、认识女性，而不是沿用父权社会一代又一代流传下来的那套观念（包括部分女性也无意识地把自己套到了这些观念里）。引用【My Fair Lady】里的一句台词：
同样的，女性在我们眼中是怎样的，取决于我们以何种态度看待她们。
The portrayal of women’s images in magazine advertisements: Goffman’s gender analysis revisited期刊 Sex Roles出版社 Springer NetherlandsISSN 0360-0025 (Print) 1573-2762 (Online)期 Volume 37, Numbers 11-12 / 1997年12月DOI 页 979-996学科分类 行为科学SpringerLink Date 2008年10月9日Mee-Eun Kang1(1) University of Michigan, Department of Communication, 2020 Frieze Building, University of Michigan, 48105 Ann Arbor, MIAbstract The research objective of this paper was to study the specific behaviors mentioned above and determine what gender behavior patterns have been most prevalent in magazine advertisements in 1979 and 1991. In this research, comparisons were made regarding gender displays between the years of 1979 and 1991 with random samples of print advertisements. The basic and essential starting question of this research project is: What messages about women have been given to society through magazine advertisements? This study was intended to be a conceptual replication of Erving Gofian’s study of Gender Advertisements to see how gender images in print advertisements have changed since Goffman’s study. For this research, advertisements were analyzed the gender behavior portrayed, utilizing Goffman’s categories of decoding behavior: relative size, feminine touch, function ranking, ritualization of subordination, and licensed withdrawal. Body display and IndependencelSelf-assertiveness categories were added. Advertisements that featured human subjects were collected from 1979 and 1991 women’s popular magazines. The random sampling procedure resulted in 252 samples in 1979 magazine advertisements and 252 samples in 1991 counterparts. This research showed that few changes have been made in the images of women in magazine advertisements since Goffman’s 1979 study. The findings indicate that the images of women in 1991 advertisements did not significantly change from the images found in 1979 advertisements. However; distribution or dispersion of stereotypical portrayal of women did change. In the categories of licensed withdrawal and body display, the magazine advertisements from 1991 showed more stereotyping of women than those from 1979. Two of Goffman’s categories-Relative Size and Function Ranking-were not prevalent depictions in magazine 's Magazine Fiction: A Content Analysis of the Roles, Attributes, and Occupations of Main Characters期刊 Sex Roles出版社 Springer NetherlandsISSN 0360-0025 (Print) 1573-2762 (Online)期 Volume 37, Numbers 7-8 / 1997年10月DOI 页 581-593学科分类 行为科学SpringerLink Date 2004年11月3日UniSA FindIt添加入标记条目中添加入收藏条目中Permissions & Reprints推荐此文章PDF ( KB)Women's Magazine Fiction: A Content Analysis of the Roles, Attributes, and Occupations of Main CharactersKate Peirce1(1) Department of Mass Communication, Southwest Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666Abstract A content analysis of the fiction stories in seven national women's magazines revealed that the primary problem for most of the main characters is romantic. Most of the characters are atractive, single, white Americans younger than 45. They live in the city, have zero to two children, are middle class, and college educated, and they have careers or jobs. Less than half of them are able to solve their own problems, and occupations are assigned sterotypically by gender. The conclusion drawn is that the fiction in these magazines is, in many ways, as traditional as has been found in the past.还有些别的给我邮箱吧 我发给你
古代艺术中的女性形象及其时代特点是我为大家带来的论文范文，欢迎阅读。
摘 要：作为绘画的表现对象，女性艺术形象具有悠久的历史。
早在战国、西汉墓葬中出土的帛画上，就已有体态动人的妇女形象，至今，女性仍作为绘画创作的重要题材之一，被生动地表现着。
女性形象的创作在中国画中被称作“仕女画”。
早期的绘画，题材分科没有细目化，女性形象揉杂于人物画的创作中。
随着画作中女性形象日益成为主要的表现对象，以女性为题材的画家队伍日益壮大，逐渐在人物画科内建立起一个专门表现女性生活的分目。
尽管，画面中出现的并不一定都是佳丽美女，但人们还是习惯于将仕女画称为“美人画”。
仕女画的画家们则更是在其作品中寄托了对于“美”的向往。
他们按照自己心目中“美”的理想来塑造各类女性形象，而“美”的标准又因时而异，不同时代的画家都以其当时对于“美”的理解来进行创作。
因此，了解绘画作品中女性形象的时代特点，有助于仕女画的研究与鉴定。
关键词：古代艺术;女性绘画;时代特点
中国古代悠久的绘画历史，给后人留下了大量精美的作品。
其中，不乏有各个时期的女性形象出现。
魏晋以前的卷轴仕女画今已无存，我们所能见到的迄今最早的“仕女画”是1949年出土于长沙陈家大山楚墓的《人物龙凤帛画》。
在这幅帛画中，出现了以为战国时期的女贵族。
她虽然身材窈窕、衣着华丽，面部表情却显得十分肃穆。
再参看长沙马王堆一号汉墓出土的帛画中所绘女墓主的形象，她年纪稍大，体态肥硕，虽然在外形上与《人物龙凤帛画》中的女人大不相同，但也是一幅尊贵冷峻的样子。
为何这两幅帛画中的女人都显得如此庄重严肃?因为魏晋以前，中国绘画尚未进入自觉状态，这类帛画的创作多是带有明显巫术礼仪性质的。
它们被应用在丧葬仪式过程中，起着某种神秘的作用，比如是引魂升天，或是作为死者的符号代码等。
这样庄重严肃的用途决定了这类帛画中女性形象程式化的肃穆。
魏晋南北朝是仕女画的早期发展阶段。
描绘的女子主要是古代贤妇和神话传说中的仙女等，这类形象的原型一般来自于诗、赋等文学作品和世间传说。
画家在表现这些远离现实生活、带有理念化色彩的女性时，最为关注的是如何通过对女性外在形体的表现，张扬出其内在的精神气质。
从目前存世最早的卷轴仕女画，东晋顾恺之依据曹植《洛神赋》诗意创作的《洛神赋图》(宋人摹本)中对洛水女神的描绘，可见典型的魏晋美女瘦骨清象，气度高古的风姿。
洛神面型椭圆，眉目清秀，体态纤丽淑婉，轻盈修长。
她没有因在洛水边与曹植巧遇而显现出欣喜欲狂的神态，也没有因与曹植离别而流露出伤感悲愤的情绪，她绐终以淡泊平和的表情面对事态的发展，从而成功地昭示出洛神超凡脱俗的高逸美，这种美与魏亚时期人们崇尚玄学、关注人的内在精神气质，追求超脱的时代特征相吻合。
唐代作为封建社会最为辉煌的时代，也是仕女画的繁荣兴盛阶段。
画家们以积极入世的行乐观密切地关注于丰富多彩的现实社会，尤其热衷于表现贵族妇女闲逸的生活方式，单调而悠闲的生活情调。
张萱、周昉是这一时期著名的仕女画家。
周昉笔下的《挥扇仕女图》代表了唐代宫苑仕女画在形神兼备方面所取得的杰出成就。
画家在造型上注重写实求真，女子脸型圆润饱满，体态丰腴健壮，气质雍容高贵，展示出大唐盛世下皇家女性的华贵之美。
这种美以具有强烈的时代感，迎合了中晚唐时期大官僚贵族们的审美意趣，而备受瞩目，并成为唐代仕女画的主要艺术特征。
继唐代之后的五代是个政权交替频繁的时代，画家们在仕女画的创作上，即继承了唐代的传统又有所变革。
如顾闳中《韩熙载夜宴图》笔下的女伎与唐代的仕女相比，最显著的变化是，歌伎丰腴的肌肤因缺少唐代宫女臃懒的体态，而更具健康之美。
阮郜《阆苑女仙图》中仙女们修长的身材更是越出了唐代仕女丰满肥胖的造型程式，一改唐代即使画仙女，也始注重表现女性身段线条的曲线美及娇媚之姿。
宋代作为政权相对稳定，经济发达，文化昌盛的时代。
在仕女画的创作上承袭了唐、五代兴盛之势而又有所创新，尤其是在题材方面，其表现范围已扩展到前所未有的宽泛地步。
除宫廷贵族妇女、神话传说中的女子仍被描绘外，生活中最低层的贫寒女子也开始为画家们所关注，如王居正《纺车图》中的女性，她们与晋代顾恺之、唐代周昉笔下的仕女相比，没有娇美的相貌、诱人的身材、华丽的服饰及尊贵的地位，她们仅是生活中最为普通的农村妇女。
衣裤迭经补缀的老妇面容憔悴动作迟缓，艰辛的生活令其相貌充满沧桑感。
作者以写实的艺术手法不加美化地表现她们，意在赞扬她们安贫乐道的生活态度及朴实无华的个性美，同时也表达了对她们贫苦生活的同情。
图中反映了宋代仕女画的艺术特点，人物造型严谨，形体比例准确，体态生动自然。
元代作为蒙古贵族统治时期，特殊的社会目前状况和民族冲突，令画家们避居山野，倾心于抒发隐居情怀的山水画创作，由此而导致元代仕女画呈衰退之势。
画家们在题材的选取上，没有继承宋代积极地表现各个阶层、各种身份、各样处境下诸多女子的传统，而是，游离于现实生活之外，在历史故事和文学作品中寻找表现题材，人物造型上则继承了盛唐人物“态浓意远淑且真，肌理细腻骨肉匀”的遗风，如周朗所绘《杜秋图》中的杜秋，她与周昉《挥扇仕女图》中的人物形象相仿，既圆形脸丹凤眼，高鼻梁，嘴唇小而丰满，面部没有过多的表情。
躯体丰腴肥胖并着以直筒形长裙，遮掩住了女性腰身的曲线美。
明代是封建社会的政权稳定时期，仕女画在文人画家的积极参与下获得极大的发展。
在题材上，除肖像外，戏剧、小说、传奇故事中的各色女子则成为画家们最乐于创作的仕女形象。
人物的造型由宋代的具象写实逐渐趋于带有一定唯美主义色彩的写意。
仕女身材婀娜匀称，面容端庄清丽，举止间流露着女性文雅恬静之美，尤其，他们怡情于亭台之间，身着贴体紧身的明服，更增强她们体姿的修长与典雅的`风致。
明代作为仕女画的艺术成熟阶段，这时期，不仅涌现出了众多杰出的仕女画家和他们所创作的作品，而且在表现技法上亦丰富多彩，取得了较高的成就，如吴伟的《武陵春图》代表了明前期白描仕女画的最高水平。
武陵春以细匀的淡墨线绘成，画面清雅、秀润，更贴切地表现出女主人的纤弱文静之气。
文徵明的《湘君湘夫人图》代表了淡彩仕女画的最高境界。
人物以朱砂粉白为主调的浅彩设色，表现出女神温柔娟秀的美感。
仇英的仕女画有“周昉复起，亦未能过”之评。
其《贵妃晓妆图》，充分地展示了他工笔重彩仕女画的深厚功底。
图中所塑造的杨贵妃及宫女虽然是唐代宫苑仕女，但实际上她们已完全是明代文人心目中理想美女的形象。
她们修颈、削肩、柳腰与周昉笔下曲眉丰颊、短颈宽胸的宫女有着全然不同的审美意趣。
清代作为封建社会的最后一个朝代，仕女画发展至此，被抬高到居山水、花鸟诸表现题材之上的至尊地位，正如，清代高崇瑞《松下清斋集》所言“天下名山胜水，奇花异鸟，惟美人一身可兼之，虽使荆、关泼墨，崔、艾挥毫，不若士女之集大成也。”这时期的仕女画在创作上日益脱离生活，成为一种概念化，程式化的表现题材，画作中的女子无论是贤妇、贵妇、仙女或从军习武的花木兰、梁红玉等皆拥有着修颈、削肩、柳腰的体貌，长脸、细目、樱唇的容颜，“风露清愁”、暗然神伤的小家碧玉般韵致等。
因为，不论是宫廷画家焦秉贞、冷枚，还是文人画家改琦、费丹旭等，均以表现女性“倚风娇无力”的仪态为他们的审美追求。
这种程式化“病态美人”状，直至海派画家任颐等人的出现，才有所改观。
画家们热衷于女性形象的创作并不表明对她们人格的尊重，女性只不过是被用来展示的艺术观赏品而已。
因此，女性题材画在清代画坛中的地位的提高，折射出来的却是女性社会形象的日益低落。
中国古代绘画中的女性形象好比一面镜子，折射出不同历史时期的艺术特色和时代特色。
观照她们能使我们窥见各个时期的历史、文化、思想和意识形态的特点及其演变轨迹。
这是一个老话题，又是一个不断出新的话题。
我相信通过从各个角度不断的深入、不断扩展的研究，我们对这一领域还会有新的理解和认识。
古代的仕女，终将撩开她神秘的面纱，向我们讲述有关她的更多故事。
参考文献：
[1]廖雯.绿肥红瘦—古代艺术中女性形象和闺阁艺术[M].重庆出版社.2005.
[2]史琦.浅析中国绘画中的“女性艺术形象”[J].文艺生活：中旬刊.. 174-174.
[3]王巾.中国古代绘画中的女性形象[J].跨世纪..
写鲁迅小说女性形象这个论文题目是为了给当代的女性及社会提供一个变得更好的思考标的物
影视作品中的[人物形象]应该如何分析？影视作品中的人物形象有哪些作用？靳迪编导艺考公开课为您解答。
关于鲁迅小说之女性形象的研究主要观点有:她们是弱势群体但又初步具备觉醒与挣脱的自我意识
题目摘要关键词一概述研究背景和意义国内外研究现状概念界定二 女性意识的现状三 女性意识的不足四 社会层面应当重视女性意识的充实五 创新和不足
论文研究的目的及意义选题意义和目的一般作为开题报告里面的第一块内容,是阐述你所研究的这个选题有没有研究价值或者说讨论价值的,写开题报告的目的，其实就是要请导师来评判我们这个选题有没有研究价值、这个研究方法有没有可能奏效、这个论证逻辑有没有明显缺陷.写意义的时候根据你的选题来决定形式可以分现实意义和理论意义也可以不细分,把目的和意义和在一起写,总之突出你观点的新颖和重要性即可建议可以从这两点来叙述,不过要根据自己的选题,不要生搬硬套:1. (你的选题)是前人没有研究过的,也就是说研究领域中一个新颖有意义的课题,被前人所忽略的2. 前人有研究过,或者说阐述过但是没有阐述论证的足够全面,你加以丰满,或者驳斥前人的观点,总之,意义和目的一定要叙述的清晰并且是有一定新意的其次注意自己所使用的理论,你是用什么理论证明你的观点，也要叙述清楚,否则难以有说服力，在做文献综述和国内外研究水平的评价等等也要有翔实的根，这样才能衬托出你的选题的意义所在研究的目的、意义也就是为什么要研究、研究它有什么价值。这一般可以先从现实需要方面去论述，指出现实当中存在这个问题，需要去研究，去解决，本论文的研究有什么实际作用，然后，再写论文的理论和学术价值。这些都要写得具体一点，有针对性一点，不能漫无边际地空喊口号。主要内容包括：(1) 研究的有关背景(课题的提出)： 即根据什么、受什么启发而搞这项研究。(2)通过分析本地(校) 的教育教学实际，指出为什么要研究该课题，研究的价值，要解决的问题。
女性是社会的重要发展力量，为社会的发展也撑起了半边天，研究女性可以更好了解女性，从而能够更好发挥她们的能动性，为社会发展贡献力量。
女性主义的目的和就是一对女性的成长，有一定的好处