论文答辩提纲范例大全80篇英文

发布时间：2023-12-07 21:30:27

论文答辩提纲范例大全80篇英文

英语毕业论文答辩稿范文（精选8篇）

一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束，我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧！下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文，希望对大家有所帮助。

Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.

With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.

Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.

With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.

Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.

For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.

In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.

Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.

Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.

Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.

I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.

Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.

Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems

Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.

Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.

Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.

Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style

in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!

I will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!

Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.

Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.

Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.

Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.

For the above facts, I select this title.

Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.

The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.

The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.

The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.

The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.

The last part is the conclusion.

I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.

When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.

That’s all. Thank you.

英语毕业的论文答辩稿（精选6篇）

毕业论文答辩是一种有组织、有准备、有计划、有鉴定的比较正规的审查论文的重要形式。为了搞好毕业论文答辩，在举行答辩会前，校方、答辩委员会、答辩者（撰写毕业论文的作者）三方都要作好充分的准备。下面是我整理的英语毕业的论文答辩稿（精选6篇），欢迎大家分享。

Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is . With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style.

Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !

晚上好，所有的评估委员会成员。我来自HUST，主修外国语言学和应用语言学。我是xxx，我的主管是教授。 xxx。凭着她的真诚和智慧的指导，近一年的辛苦工作，我已经完成了我的论文。最后，这是展示时间。今天晚上，我将向大家致以衷心的感谢，我衷心地欢迎您的加入。

我的论文的标题是哥特式风格的研究

我希望通过研究这个短小的故事，我们可以在某些历史和文化中更多地描述美国南方妇女，更多地要求帮助现代社会的妇女对自己有一个广泛的了解，帮助我们提高我的独立性和信心，并更多地关注我们的心理健康该

接下来，我将向您介绍。这是我演讲的大纲。他们是文学评论，哥特式传统，哥特式风格的故事和哥特风格的原因。

本文由六部分组成。第一部分提出了作者威廉·福克纳(William Faulkner)和艾米莉·艾丝丽(A Rose)的作者，指出了这项研究的目的.和意义。第二部分是文献综述，对国内外这本小说进行了相关研究，并指出了理论依据和方法。第三部分给出了小说中哥特式传统的时间表，即死亡主题，独特的人物和神秘的气氛。部分原因，详细介绍了这本小说中哥特式风格的原因：父权制的压迫，南方女士的神话和艾米莉对爱情的态度。最后，在结论中，笔者对以前的部分进行了梳理，再次强调了论文论证的意义。

好的，就是这样。现在你可以提出你的问题!我准备好了!谢谢！

Good morning,

Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ：

I am Wu Lin. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professor Hu Anjiang, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.

My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van Winkle).

The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Thank you!

good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. i am xxxx and my supervisor is xxx. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!

Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m xxx and come from class x. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.

The title of my paper is xxxxxxxxxxxxx. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.

For the above facts, I select this title.

Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.

The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.

The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.

The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.

The last part is the conclusion.

I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.

When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.

That’s all. Thank you.

英文论文提纲范文

在各领域中，大家最不陌生的就是论文了吧，论文是讨论某种问题或研究某种问题的`文章。你知道论文怎样写才规范吗？以下是我精心整理的英文论文提纲范文，希望能够帮助到大家。

论文的规格：正文长度5,500-8,500单词。

使用的语言：英语

论文分题目、引言、正文、参考文献、致谢等部分。

引文要注明出处。直接引用要加引号，间接引文要以转述的方式出现。然后以括号把引文来源写清楚：(作者名，年份，引文所在页码)

论文正文部分：

1、题目大写，三号字，新时代罗马字，大写下面可写一个附标题，4号字;

2、作者名，5号字，班级，学号

3、指导教师名，5号字，职称

4、摘要：用300词，5号字，英文一页，中文一页

5、关键词：不能用专有名词，词与词之间空四格(或一个tab键)，不加标点符号

6、正文：用5号字，

大部分标题用5号字黑体、小部分、小小部分。大部分用罗马字，小不分用一般数字符号：

引言：引入正题，不超过2段

i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x.

ii. , , , , …

iii. , , , , , / . …

结论

7、参考文献(bibliography)：先英文，后中文

作者名，出版年月，文章名/书刊名，出版社，地点

8、致谢(acknowledgement)

英语毕业论文提纲范例：

题目：基于语料库的英语不规则动词过去式的社会语言学变异研究

Contents

Introduction

Chapter 1 Literature Review

General Studies of English Irregular Verbs

Studies of the Variations of Irregular Verbs

Summary

Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework

Foundational Studies of Variationist Sociolinguistics

Variationist Sociolinguistics: Key Concepts and the Principle of Accountability

Analytical Methods in Variationist Sociolinguistics

Summary

Chapter 3 Diachronic Change of PTFs of Irregular Verbs in COHA

Methodology and Data Visualization

Data Analysis

Discussion and Conclusions

Summary

Chapter 4 Synchronic Variation of PTFs of Irregular Verbs

Introduction and Data

Principle Components Analysis

User-related Variation of PTFs of Irregular Verbs in BNCweb

Discussion and Conclusions

Summary

Conclusion

Bibliography

Acknowledgements

文学论文提纲范例大全13篇

关于论文提纲范例

无论是在学习还是在工作中，大家都写过论文吧，借助论文可以有效提高我们的写作水平。还是对论文一筹莫展吗？下面是我为大家收集的关于论文提纲范例，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

摘要4—5

Abstract5

第1章前言8—15

研究背景及研究意义8—10

研究背景8—9

研究意义9—10

国内外研究现状10—13

企业社会责任信息披露的内容研究10

企业社会责任信息披露的模式研究10—11

企业社会责任信息披露的计量方法研究11—12

企业社会责任信息披露与企业价值关系的实证研究12—13

文献评述13

研究思路与内容框架13—14

研究方法14—15

第2章企业社会责任信息披露与企业价值的理论基础15—21

论文的提纲范例大全

论文提纲怎么写如下：

1.内容要求：

论文提纲是对整个课题研究内容的综合设计与阐述，也是对于课题相关研究内容与研究走向的一个框架性的阐述与设计，所以研究者列出论文提纲，可以总体把控论文的思路。

2.书写技巧：

论文提纲的设计需要按照论文原有的设计思路与逻辑顺序进行整体的设计与书写，其中提纲的逻辑调理与内容设计较为重要，.提纲的书写顺序如下：

（1）先拟标题；

（2）写出总论点；

（3）考虑全篇总的安排：从几个方面，以什么顺序来论述总论点，这是论文结构的骨架；

（4）大的项目安排妥当之后，再逐个考虑每个项目的下位论点，直到段一级，写出段的论点句（即段旨）；

（5）依次考虑各个段的安排，把准备使用的材料按顺序编码，以便写作时使用；

（6）全面检查，作必要的增删。

二、论文写作范文模板样本（参考）

一、绪论

（一）选题背景、目的及意义

（二）系统开发环境介绍

二、系统分析

（一）可行性研究 ---------------------------------------------------必须有

（二）需求分析 ---------------------------------------------------必须有

三、系统总体设计

（一）系统功能模块设计

功能模块图-----------------------------------------------------必须有

（二）数据库设计

概念模型设计（ER图）-----------------------------------------必须有

逻辑模型设计（二维表）---------------------------------------必须有

论文提纲范例怎么写

在日复一日的学习、工作生活中，许多人都有过写论文的经历，对论文都不陌生吧，论文是学术界进行成果交流的工具。相信写论文是一个让许多人都头痛的问题，以下是我整理的论文提纲范例怎么写，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。

论文提纲范例一：

题目：主标题：网络教学形式新思维

副标题：基于网络环境的协作学习研究。关键词：网络环境，协作学习。目录：

摘要：本文简要介绍了网络环境协作学习的意义，以及网络教学下协作学习的特点，基于网络下学习的自我体会（100字）

引言（200字）

一、网络教学（1000字）

.网络教学下协作学习

.网络教学下协作学习与传统教学的比较分析

.网络教学下协作学习的优势

二、协作学习的组织形式及其原则（1000字）

.协作学习的组织形式

.协作学习的组织原则

三、协作学习的基本要素分析（1000字）

四、网络教学下协作学习的实现方式（2000字）

.角色扮演

.伙伴

.竞争

.协同

.辩论

.问题解决

.设计

五、基于网络下学习的自我体会（1000字）

六、结论（300字）

七、参考文献（100字）

论文提纲范例二：

下面仍以《关于培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的思考》为例，介绍详细提纲的写法：

一、序论

1、提出中心论题；

2、说明写作意图。

二、本论

（一）培育建筑劳动力市场的前提条件

1、市场经济体制的确立，为建筑劳动力市场的产生创造了宏观环境；

2、建筑产品市场的形成，对建筑劳动力市场的培育提出了现实的要求；

3、城乡体制改革的深化，为建筑劳动力市场的形成提供了可靠的保证；

4、建筑劳动力市场的建立，是建筑行业用工特殊性的内在要求。

（二）目前建筑劳动力市场的基本现状

1、供大于求的买方市场；

2、有市无场的隐形市场；

3、易进难出的畸形市场；

4、交易无序的自发市场。

（三）培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的对策

1、统一思想认识，变自发交易为自觉调控；

2、加快建章立制，变无序交易为规范交易；

3、健全市场网络，变隐形交易为有形交易；

4、调整经营结构，变个别流动为队伍流动；

5、深化用工改革，变单向流动为双向流动。

三、结论

1、概述当前的建筑劳动力市场形势和我们的'任务；

2、呼应开头的序言。

上面所说的简单提纲和详细提纲都是论文的骨架和要点，选择哪一种，要根据作者的需要。如果考虑周到，调查详细，用简单提纲问题不是很大；但如果考虑粗疏，调查不周，则必须用详细提纲，否则，很难写出合格的毕业论文。总之，在动手撰写毕业论文之前拟好提纲，写起来就会方便得多。

文学论文提纲怎么写

句子式写法

论文提纲一般有两种写法，标题式写法和句子式写法。由于我们的论文提纲要提交给指导老师审阅，所以建议用句子式写法。今天我们重点介绍句子式写法。

以一个能表达完整意思的句子形式把该部分内容概括出来。这种写法具体而明确，别人看了也能明了，只是有些费时费力。

编写提纲步骤

(一)确定论文提要，再加进材料，形成全文的概要

论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要，以便读者一翻提要就知道书的大概内容。我们写论文也需要先写出论文提要。在执笔前把论文的题目和大标题、小标题列出来，再把选用的材料插入进去，就形成了论文内容的提要。

(二)原稿纸页数的分配

写好毕业论文的提要之后，要根据论文的内容考虑篇幅的长短，文章的各个部分，大体上要写多少字。如计划写20页原稿纸(每页300字)的论文，考虑序论用1页，本论用17页，结论用1—2页。本论部分再进行分配，如本论共有四项，可以第一项3—4页，第二项用4—5页，第三项3—4页，第四项6—7 页。有这样的分配，便于资料的配备和安排，写作能更有计划。毕业论文的长短一般规定为5000—6000字，因为过短，问题很难讲透，而作为毕业论文也不宜过长，这是一般大专、本科学生的理论基础、实践经验所决定的。

(三)编写提纲

论文提纲可分为简单提纲和详细提纲两种。

简单提纲

是高度概括的，只提示论文的要点，如何展开则不涉及。这种提纲虽然简单，但由于它是经过深思熟虑构成的，写作时能顺利进行。没有这种准备，边想边写很难顺利地写下去。

详细提纲

是把论文的主要论点和展开部分较为详细地列出来。如果在写作之前准备了详细提纲，那么，执笔时就能更顺利。

下面我们看一下范例：

一、现代、当代文学产生的背景及其环境

1、百年轮回;

2、30年的断层;

3、现代文学创作的知识分子化以及潜革命化;

4、当代文学创作的伤痕起点、先天不足及其异化;

二，现代、当代文学作者的知识结构以及价值观的区别

1、西方文化的鲜花在封建的牛粪上怒放 ;

2、不知不觉中的狼奶哺育出不完整的人 ;

3、愤怒是当代文学的助产士 ;

4、在栏架前因伤退却的当代文学 ;

三、现代、当代文学的传承和类同

1、在拒绝人文精神的土地上发育不良的物种 ;

2、对强权或物质的臣服是现、当代文学的殊途同归 ;

四、百年文学的未完成越狱;

1、十年黄金时间对三十年的反动的反动 ;

2、斯德哥尔摩综合症是千年政治宗教造成的一种群体症候。

3、摸着石头迷失在路上。

论文范文大全80篇大学

部分学生对写议论文缺乏兴趣，即使语文教材介绍了一些关于写议论文的知识，但是学生不知道怎样运用，难以从议论文的写作中体会到快乐。以下是我为大家整理的关于800字议论文范文及赏析，给大家作为参考，欢迎阅读!

只翻开第一页，便知字里行间都写了些什么。——题记

有这样一种称谓叫做记忆，有这样一种群体名字叫做旧书。我绝非什么收藏家，也绝非集邮那般的爱好者。

我只是纯粹的喜欢书，因此离不开书。喜欢书，自有那满架的书橱可以例证。喜欢书，喜欢在字里行间品味，捉摸。喜欢书，也自然喜欢买书，可不管有多少书，在书橱最不起眼的一角，始终都放着几本并不起眼的旧书。

书已经很老了，纸张也已经开始有些微微发黄，连封皮上的出版日期也已有些斑驳，只是知道，这里面“年龄”最小的一本也决计不会比我年轻。可那的确不是我的书，我又未尝去过旧书摊淘宝，或许，那里今后会成为我一个顶重要的去处。

那些书，都是上一辈的人留给我的，承载着他们那一代人的心灵寄托。我的书，就在那几本书的旁边，比那些稍稍年轻了十几年韶光，它们是我长大后自己买的。我的旧书，总是翻旧的。

当我终于翻开旧书，看着那相识的话语，望见那点缀于其间的笔画，也给我以性灵的迷醉。有些章节我也注解的密密麻麻，让我也顿时豪气一生，直欲与文章比一比，看谁的字更多一些。正是一个人，启开书。只细望那些写下的字，回首当年的时刻，许久不见，仍带有那几分犀利;再细细品味当初写下的话语，有的似乎我已不大同意，略显幼稚，不成熟，那是如今成长的标志。我拿起笔来，不时地勾画涂抹着什么。

有时它们也会给我以启示，当初的某些观点，我或已忘记，今日又重拾，大有茅塞顿开之感，好不痛快。重读旧书，特别是一本好书，在我看来，与其说是记忆的回归，毋宁说是对于情感的再一次冲击，这种情感的冲击一般是第一次读最为强烈，但每一次重读都会有不同的新的感觉。读书百遍，其义自见。这话绝非空穴来风。手握一本旧书，就好像抓住一个幸福。而今，这个幸福感还在不断的扩大：在墙角书橱里，翻旧的书还在不断的加入，溢满整个空间，直至“流”了出来。

直到有一天，有人问我：“你有什么财富?”我有旧书，满屋。

赏析：本文既叙述故事，又精要地进行抒情议论，对自己拥有的旧书进行尽情的抒发喜爱之情，阅读旧书还可以回首过去的事情，总结经验教训，思考人生，考生对主旨的把握的确是很到位的。语言上也显得厚重，深沉，显示出一个爱思考、爱钻研的考生独有的素质，深得阅卷教师的喜爱。例如：“重读旧书，特别是一本好书，在我看来，与其说是记忆的回归，毋宁说是对于情感的再一次冲击，这种情感的冲击一般是第一次读最为强烈，但每一次重读都会有不同的新的感觉。”结尾深化了主题。结构清晰，层层深入。

真诚也就是真心诚恳，不说谎，表里如一的意思。人人都喜欢真诚的人，而讨厌虚伪的人，我也不例外。但有人认为真诚是绝对的，不管对谁，不管在什么情况下都要做到百分之百的真诚。这个观点，粗一看，有道理，细一琢磨，有问题。

你想呀，当年日本鬼子大举侵犯我国的时候，如果所有的中国人都坚守真诚待人的原则，死守着“别人对我不仁，可我不能对他不义”的古训，那么还会有我们今天的幸福生活吗?所以说真诚不是绝对的，其码对敌人就不能真诚，而应该以牙还牙，以血还血。

也许有人会说，对敌人是不能真诚，那么对朋友呢，总应该是绝对的真诚吧!依我看，也不尽然，那得看情况。如果您的朋友得了不治之症，您真诚地对他说明了实情，会怎么样呢?也许会加快他的死亡，这是您愿意看到的结局吗? 也许又有人会说，对朋友也不能做到百分之百的真诚，那么对自己的亲人呢，这总应该做到百分之百的真诚吧!依我看，也不尽然。请您想一想，诸葛亮的亲哥哥诸葛瑾代表东吴向刘备讨还荆州的时候，诸葛亮是怎么做的?他先让刘备拒绝，然后自己代兄哭求，刘备才假装答应先还给东吴三郡，并让诸葛瑾带着书信去找关羽，而关羽明白刘备及军师的用意，说什么将在外军令有所不授，硬是不给，弄得诸葛瑾空手而归。

诸葛亮对刘备是真诚的，可对他的亲哥哥就不够真诚了。这也无可厚非，各为其主吗!由此可见，真诚不是绝对的，而是相对的，在亲人的利益与集体、国家的利益发生冲突的时候，则应该选择对集体和国家真诚。再者说了，你自己就没有一点隐私?你希望他或她百分之百的了解您?在任何人面前都做个透明人?你愿意把您以前所做的各种傻事去到处传播吗?所以说，绝对的真诚是没有的，如果有的话，你也就不存在了。总而言之，真诚是相对的，待人真诚要看对象，还要看情况。

赏析：本文是一篇典型的驳论文，作者紧扣“真诚”这个话题，先摆出对方的错误观点，接着摆出三个强有力的事实，将对方的论据驳倒，最后顺理成章地提出自己的观点。驳得有理有据，令人信服。

屈原曾说：“何方圆之能周兮?”提出的正是方与圆难以相合的道理。反观社会，园瓶，方盒，方圆之用，各得其妙。看到这里，我不禁想到人生的几点智慧。

人生中，“方”是一个人的棱角，是一个人的个性，人人因方而不同。“圆”是一个人的处世之道，“圆”让我们藏其锋芒，在与别人相处时减少“摩擦”。而我们只有融合方圆之道才得成就一个完美的人生。

有人曾说：“方圆齐用，功效俱呈。”处于青年时代的我们却常显刚烈有余而圆润不足，不懂处世之道常让青年人在社会浪潮中屡遭打击。因而作为青年人，我认为要适当收锋芒，提升自己处世之道是十分必要的。

海纳百川，有容乃大，用包容打造“圆”的基础。青年人激情澎湃，追求个性、探寻独立也为时代所需要。但青年人的胸怀却难以容下自己的激情。而成大事者，未有无宽广胸怀者。曹操容下许攸，成就官渡之战的辉煌;蔺相如宽容廉颇，成就了“将相和”的佳话。有人说：“要想自己被社会包容，就要有包容社会的肚量。”青年刚迈入社会，难免会对社会的种种弊端怒不可遏，但如果我们能退一步，多宽容一些，是不是就达到了海阔天空的境界呢?

心静如止水，用冷静作为圆的润滑剂。刚烈而又易激动是青年人的一大特色。激动往往使我们失误，以致作出错误的判断。这时，保持冷静是青年人与世相处的另一个好方法。冷静使我们保持清醒，似隔热层对于火箭，缰绳对于骏马，能束缚住情感，使情感不至于失控。这样当我们遇到社会不公时，就不至于让情绪成为与社会相处时的摩擦力。

我并不是只看重圆，方圆合一，方显人生智慧。只是在我看来，方是每个青年人本来具有的，而如何做圆正是我希望所有同龄人去学的。因而我想说：“把心放宽一些吧，何必要让一些小事折磨你美好的心灵呢?保持冷静吧，日本又拜神社，砸汽车岂能解决?城管凶悍，打人又有何用?”冷静、包容是成圆之道。

让我们一起融合方圆，功用信俱呈，显出智慧吧!

“思想道德修养与法律基础”课对于大学生来说有着重要的意义，可以说是一门用马克思主义理论指导大学生成长成才的课程。下面是我给大家推荐的大学思修论文精选范文，希望大家喜欢!

《把理想信念教育放在思想建设的首位》

摘要：从党章历史沿革的维度来研究党的思想建设，得出的结论是高度重视理想信念教育、着重从思想上建党是在长期革命斗争中和社会主义现代化建设的实践中形成的具有中国特色的建党思想，是毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想的精髓。在新的历史条件下，要特别重视和不断加强对中青年党员干部的理想信念教育。

关键词：党的建设;思想建设;理想信念

邓小平同志早就讲过：“中国要出问题，还是出在共产党内部”[1]。苏联、东欧共产党发生政治巨变，根本原因之一就是党员干部的理想信念出了问题。纵观中国共产党90年的光辉历史，我们党始终高度重视对党员干部进行思想教育，把思想建设放在党的建设的首位，坚持用马克思主义的世界观、价值观、人生观和共产主义理想信念来教育全党。

在新的历史条件下，理想信念教育就是要求广大党员和干部做中国特色社会主义共同理想的坚定信仰者、科学发展观的忠实执行者、社会主义荣辱观的自觉实践者、社会和谐的积极促进者。

通过对中共党章的梳理和研究，总结我们党在思想建设，特别是在理想信念教育方面的经验教训，为新形势下加强党的思想建设提供历史借鉴。

一、民主革命时期的党章：以崇高的革命理想教育全党

1921年第一次党的代表大会(注：后文中党的历次代表大会均用简称)通过的《中国共产党纲领》，明确要求所有党员必须承认党的纲领和政策，对党忠诚，并且必须与那些和我们党的纲领背道而驰的党派和集团断绝一切联系[2]。这说明，一大的政治纲领具有高度的原则性和鲜明的战斗性，体现了列宁建党学说的一些重要原则，没有任何机会主义色彩。在当时能做到这一点是非常难能可贵的。

1922年党的二大讨论通过了中国共产党第一部正式的党章。二大党章的中心内容是加强组织建设和建立严明的组织纪律，特别对党员和干部必须遵守党的政治纪律做了严格的规定[3]。二大还通过了一个《关于中国共产党的组织章程决议案》，对党的无产阶级先锋队性质和党的反帝反封建的民主革命纲领作了明确的阐述，进一步丰富和拓展了党章的内容，具有很大政治意义。二大的党章和决议对于健全党内生活、指导党员的政治言行、促进党的组织发展与巩固、提高党的战斗力起到了积极的作用。崇高的革命理想、严密的组织体系和严格的政治纪律，正是一个马克思主义政党的基本特征。

1923年6月召开的三大和1925年1月召开的四大，分别通过了两个《党的修正章程》。党的三大还制定了《中国共产党中央执行委员会组织法》，党的四大制定了《对于组织问题之决议案》。三大和四大以后，在党的领导下，很快就迎来了中国革命的高潮和北伐战争的伟大胜利，党在组织上有了突飞猛进的发展，从建党初期的50人、二大召开时的190多人、三大召开时的400多人、四大召开时的994人，到1927年五大召开时已经发展到57900多人，成为一支不可忽视的强大政治力量。

1927年4月的五大是在大革命处于危急时刻召开的，会议期间没有制定党章。根据此次会议通过的《组织问题决议案》提出的原则和具体要求，中央政治局于1927年6月1日通过了《中国共产党第三次修正章程决议案》。这个修正章程共计12章85条，除了没有总纲以外，在结构上已经与七大党章很相似，是一部比较完备的党章[4]。大革命失败以后，有成千上万的共产党人惨遭杀害，但绝大部分共产党人临危不惧，大义凛然，头可断，血可流，也决不背叛自己的共产主义信仰，决不出卖组织机密和革命同志，表现出坚定的理想信念和坚贞不屈的意志品格，就连国民党阵营中的有识之士也为之感叹不已。这些革命先烈的英勇事迹至今仍然激励和鼓舞着当代的中国共产党人，成为我们党的宝贵精神财富。那些活下来的共产党人，并没有被国民党反动派的屠杀政策所吓倒，而是继续高举共产主义的旗帜，前赴后继，英勇奋斗，创建了中国工农红军和大批农村根据地，掀起了土地革命的新高潮。在以后的革命斗争中,这一时期参加革命的共产党人,大多数都成为我们党的中坚力量和各级领导干部。这些足以证明，从一大到五大，我们党制定的党章是基本正确的，各级党组织依据党章对党员干部进行的理想信念教育也是卓有成效的。

1928年6月至7月在莫斯科召开了六大。由于特殊的历史环境，六大党章存在一些严重缺点。实际上，六大党章没有解决好的一些重大问题，以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人在创建工农红军和农村根据地的实践过程中已经逐步加以解决了。1929年12月召开的红军第四军第九次代表大会通过了《古田会议决议》，提出用无产阶级思想教育党员，通过思想教育克服党内的各种错误思想，把思想建设放在党的建设首位。《决议》要求支部要建在连上，加强党对军队的绝对领导。各级党委和基层党支部的主要任务就是加强对党员干部的理想信念教育，不断克服党内严重存在的小农意识、小资产阶级意识、封建主义思想以及流寇主义和军阀作风。这是毛泽东的建党思想开始形成的重要标志。[5]

1945年4月至6月，党在延安召开了七大。七大党章与六大党章相比较，具有以下三个方面的特色：

1.七大党章增加了总纲部分。在七大党章的总纲部分，开门见山、旗帜鲜明地指出，马克思列宁主义普遍真理与中国革命具体实践相结合的集体智慧的结晶——毛泽东思想，是中国化的马克思主义成果，是我们党自己的指导思想，并号召全党要努力学习马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想，不断提高全党的理论和思想水平，克服各种非无产阶级思想。这是七大党章最鲜明的政治特色。

2.七大党章具有高度的自主创新意识，充分体现了中国共产党解放思想、实事求是、追求真理的思想路线。七大党章从形式到内容都比较彻底地脱离了苏共党章的影响，具有鲜明的中国特色。

3.七大党章充分吸取了一大到六大党章(包括《古田会议决议》)的优点，着重强调从思想上建党。刘少奇在《关于修改党章的报告》中指出：“我们党的建设中最主要的问题，首先就是思想建设问题，就是以马克思列宁主义——无产阶级的科学思想去教育和改造我们的党员，特别是小资产阶级革命分子的问题，就是和党内各种非无产阶级的思想进行斗争并加以克服的问题。”“因此，一切加入我们党的人，必须认真学习马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想，特别是小资产阶级革命分子，在入党以前和以后，更须学习，并进行思想上的改造，必须抛弃他们原来的阶级立场，站在无产阶级的立场上，克服他们的主观主义、个人主义、宗派主义等倾向。没有这种改造，就不能成为很好的党员。而这种改造，又常是一种长期的艰苦的工作，并且是一个痛苦的过程，这就是我们党的建设上特别重大的问题和重大的特点。”[6]从刘少奇同志的讲话中，我们可以非常强烈地感受到，党的七大修订党章的一个重要指导思想，就是特别强调思想建党，用马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想教育武装全党，抵制和克服各种非无产阶级思想，使广大党员真正树立坚定的共产主义理想信念。这一建党思想影响极为深远。

二、建国以后到改革开放前的党章：对执政党思想建设的艰辛探索

(一)八大党章：大力加强执政党的思想建设

1956年9月在北京召开了八大。八大党章在思想建设方面的主要创新点，一是更加强调对党员进行理想信念教育，并且着重要求党员、干部要克服主观主义、官僚主义作风和日益滋长的骄傲自满情绪，把国家和人民群众的利益放在个人利益之上，吃苦在前，享受在后，努力避免脱离群众的危险性。邓小平在修改党章的报告中，要求“必须在党的教育系统中，在党员的教育材料中，在党的报刊中，着重进行党的群众路线教育。”[7]这充分体现了我们党的执政意识。二是明确指出要提高党员标准。邓小平对此有一段非常精彩的论述：“党的事业的胜利，党对于人民所负的责任的加强，党在人民群众中的威信的增长，都要求党对于党员提出更高的标准。而且，如果在以前，一个人决心加入我们的党，往往表示他决心冒着丧失自由和生命的危险，去为群众的利益斗争，去为人类的最高理想斗争;那么在现在，就容易出现这样的人，他们为着取得名誉和地位而入党，他们在入党以后，不去支持群众的利益，反而妨害群众的利益。诚然，这样的人在我们党内是极少数，但是，我们决不能忽视这个事实。为提高党员的标准而斗争，这是当前党的重要的政治任务之一。”[8]这说明我们党已经开始站在执政党的立场上思考如何加强党的思想建设，如何加强对党员、干部的理想信念教育，从而确保党在思想上、政治上的先进性。

(二)九大、十大党章：党的思想建设出现严重混乱

九大是在“”的高潮中(1969年9月)召开的，九大党章仅有12条，文字表述极为简单，突出强调“无产阶级专政下继续革命的理论”和“无产阶级“””，强调“以阶级斗争为纲”。九大党章对党的性质和指导思想(特别是对毛泽东思想)做了错误的、不科学的论述。

1973年8月在北京召开了十大。十大党章除了对涉及到林彪的文字表述做了必要的修改，其内容和结构都保持了九大党章的原貌。正如邓小平后来说的那样：“九大、十大搞的党章，实际上不大像党章，党员有什么权利和义务，究竟怎么样才算个共产党员，不合条件怎么办，都没有规定好，需要修改。”[9]

总的来说，在““””时期召开的两次党代会及其制定的党章，是在当时“以阶级斗争为纲”的错误路线指导下制定出来的，完全背离了毛泽东过去几十年所坚持的正确建党思想。这就必然在全党造成极大的思想混乱和“左”的政治狂热，严重削弱了对党员干部进行科学的、系统的马克思列宁主义思想理论教育和共产主义理想信念教育，教训惨痛。

(三)十一大党章：思想建设的进步与徘徊

1977年8月在北京召开了十一大。十一大党章在总纲部分强调要大力发扬党的三大优良传统和作风，保持和发扬谦虚谨慎、不骄不躁、艰苦奋斗的作风，防止党员，特别是党的领导干部利用职权谋取任何特权，同资产阶级思想和作风做坚决的斗争;强调“党员不论何时何地都要以个人利益服从党和人民的利益，不怕困难，不怕牺牲，为实现党的纲领积极工作，为共产主义事业奋斗终身”[10]。在条文部分全面规定了党员的8项义务，贯穿了理想信念教育的基本内容;在第19条党的基层组织的基本任务中，还明确规定了“领导党员和非党员认真学习马列主义、毛泽东思想，对他们进行思想政治路线的教育、党的优良传统和党的基本知识教育”[11]的内容。这些修改无疑都是积极的和正确的。

但是十一大党章在总纲部分继续沿用了九大、十大党章关于党的性质和指导思想、特别是关于毛泽东思想的错误论述;继续沿用了九大、十大党章关于无产阶级专政下继续革命的理论和无产阶级“”的性质以及“这种性质的政治大革命今后还要进行多次”的错误论述;继续沿用了九大、十大党章关于党在社会主义历史阶段的基本路线的错误论述等，这些又是错误的。

十一大是在毛主席去世和粉碎“_”以后的特殊历史背景下召开的一次党代会。由于党的领导层还没有实现指导思想上的拨乱反正，在当时还不可能一下子从“”的“左”倾路线和对毛主席的个人崇拜中觉醒过来，更不可能系统地纠正九大、十大错误的的路线、方针、政策。所以，十一大党章既有积极的一面，也有消极的一面;既有正确的东西，也有错误的东西;既体现了一种努力向前、稳定团结、共同奋斗的精神面貌，又暴露出对“以阶级斗争为纲”政治路线的迷信与固执。

三、改革开放以后的新党章：不断深化对党的思想建设规律的认识

(一)十二大党章：为改革开放时期的新党章奠基

1982年9月在北京召开了十二大。十二大党章在加强思想建设方面的主要创新点是：第一，根据七大、八大党章的历史经验，结合新时期党的建设的新情况、新特点，系统地科学地阐述了党的性质和最高理想、奋斗目标、党的指导思想、党在现阶段的主要任务和路线方针政策，以及在新的历史条件下加强党的建设的三项基本要求等，形成了一个内容充实的总纲;第二，对党员在思想上、政治上和组织上都提出了更加严格的要求，对党员的8项义务、8项权利的表述更加严谨科学;第三，专列“党的干部”一章，明确提出了干部的6个基本条件。

十二大党章专门针对加强党的建设提出了三项基本要求，这是我们党总结历史经验教训得出的重要结论。其中第二项要求就是全心全意为人民服务。其主要内容是：中国共产党人要永远为工人阶级和最广大人民群众的利益而奋斗，要制定和实行能够体现人民利益的路线方针政策，党员、干部在工作中要坚持走群众路线。建国以后30多年的历史一再证明，官僚主义、形式主义、搞特权搞腐化、脱离人民群众，对执政党是最大的危险。因此，在改革开放的历史条件下，必须教育全党坚持全心全意为人民服务的根本宗旨。

(二)十三大提出了10条党章修正案

1987年10月在北京召开了十三大。十三大没有制定新的党章，也没有做修改党章的报告，只是对十二大党章提出了10条修正案，涉及十二大党章中的10个条文，共计有13处增删改动。十三大政治报告提出党要经受住执政和改革开放的考验;提出在党的建设上，要走出一条不搞革命、而主要靠改革和制度建设的新路子。这些新提法、新论断实际上充实和发展了党章总纲的内容。[12]

(三)十四大党章：对党章总纲进行重大修改，丰富和发展了思想建设的内容

1992年10月在北京召开了党的十四大。十四大党章在思想建设方面的突出贡献：一是对邓小平建设有中国特色社会主义的理论进行了系统概括，充分肯定了这一理论在马列主义与中国实际相结合的思想理论发展史上的重要地位，并把这个理论上升为党的指导思想。二是把党在社会主义初级阶段的基本路线正式写进党章，并且表明这是党在改革开放和社会主义市场经济条件下必须长期坚持、绝不能动摇的基本路线。三是把建立完善的社会主义市场经济体制确立为我国经济体制改革的总目标，第一次系统阐述了我国在社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度。社会主义市场经济是一个全新的政治命题，这对全党来说又是一次重大的思想变革，在当时产生了极大的解放思想的作用。四是对新时期党的建设基本要求进行了重大修改。

(四)十五大党章：把邓小平理论确立为党的指导思想

1997年9月在北京召开了党的十五大。十五大党章最重要的贡献，就是把邓小平理论正式确立为党的指导思想。十五大政治报告指出，在马克思列宁主义与中国实际相结合的历史过程中，有两次历史性飞跃，产生了两大理论成果——毛泽东思想和邓小平理论。马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论是一脉相承的统一的科学体系，毛泽东和邓小平是把马克思列宁主义同中国实际相结合、创造新理论的典范，是马克思主义中国化的典范。把邓小平理论正式写在党章上，确定为党的旗帜，这是我们党经过近二十年改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的成功实践所得出的一个科学结论，是我们党在思想认识上的一次升华。在十五大党章起草过程中，江泽民就指出：“旗帜问题至关重要。旗帜就是方向，旗帜就是形象。我们说坚持十一届三中全会以来的路线不动摇，就是高举邓小平建设有中国特色社会主义理论旗帜不动摇。在邓小平逝世后，我们全党，特别是高级领导干部，在这个问题上尤其要有高度的自觉性和坚定性。无论遇到什么困难、什么风险，都不动摇。”[13]在十五大报告中，江泽民又明确指出：“我们这次大会的灵魂，就是高举邓小平理论的伟大旗帜。十五大无疑将以这一点为标志载入史册。”[14]现在，邓小平理论已经成为对党员干部和青年学生进行理想信念教育的重要思想武器。

(五)十六大党章：对党的性质和指导思想的又一次完善

2002年10月在北京召开了党的十六大。十六大党章最为引人瞩目的修改，是对总纲第一段(关于党的性质和最高理想、最终奋斗目标)的修改;其次是对党的指导思想的补充和完善，把“三个代表”重要思想正式确立为党的指导思想，并单列一段加以论述[15]。“三个代表”重要思想是以江泽民为核心的第三代党中央领导集体对马克思主义理论的又一次重大创新，其思想内涵极为丰富。邓小平理论主要回答了“什么是社会主义，怎样建设社会主义”的重大命题，“三个代表”重要思想则回答了“建设一个什么样的党，怎样建设党”的重大命题，它进一步深化了党对自身建设规律的认识。把这个重要思想写进党章，有利于统一全党的思想，增进党的团结，加强理想信念教育。

(六)十七大党章：总结历史经验，大力倡导理想信念教育

2007年10月在北京召开了党的十七大。十七大党章修改的主要亮点：一是在总纲第七段增写了科学发展观，明确指出：“科学发展观是同马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和三个代表重要思想既一脉相承又与时俱进的科学理论，是我国经济社会发展的重要指导方针，是发展中国特色社会主义必须坚持和贯彻的重大战略思想。”[16]这是对党的指导思想又一次丰富和完善。二是在总纲第八段增写了“改革开放以来我们取得一切成绩和进步的根本原因，归结起来就是：开辟了中国特色社会主义道路，形成了中国特色社会主义理论体系。全党同志要倍加珍惜、长期坚持和不断发展党历经艰辛开创的这条道路和这个理论体系”[17]这段文字，这是总结改革开放29年的历史经验得出的基本政治结论，它旗帜鲜明地回答了“举什么旗，走什么路”的问题，回应了党内存在的各种思想疑虑。三是围绕中国特色社会主义“四位一体”的总体布局，在总纲部分增写了第14段和第17段，同时大幅度修改了第15段和第16段。在先进文化建设这一段，旗帜鲜明地提出了“树立中国特色社会主义共同理想，弘扬以爱国主义为核心的民族精神和以改革创新为核心的时代精神，倡导社会主义荣辱观，增强民族自尊、自信、自强精神，抵御资本主义和封建主义腐朽思想的侵蚀，扫除各种社会丑恶现象，努力使我国人民成为有理想、有纪律、有道德、有文化的人民”的重大命题。同时提出“对党员还要进行共产主义远大理想教育。”[18]四是在党章第三条(党员义务)增加了“学习科学发展观”和“带头实践社会主义荣辱观”的内容。在党章第34条(领导干部的基本条件)也增加了“带头贯彻落实科学发展观”和“树立正确的政绩观，做出经得起实践、人民、历史检验的实绩。”的论述。[19]这实际上是对党员、干部提出了更高的思想道德和政绩标准。

总之，从十二大到十七大，中国共产党章程经历了一个“黄金发展时期”。这是党的历史上党章结构最稳定、体系最健全、理论创新最活跃的一个时期。党章在十二大奠定的框架结构基本保持稳定的基础上，经过五次党代会的反复修订，现在已经日臻完善，对党的思想建设发挥着越来越重要的作用。

参考文献：

[1]中共中央文献编辑委员会.邓小平文选(第三卷)[M].北京：人民出版社，1993：380.

[2][3][4][6][7][8][10][11]中国革命博物馆. 中国共产党章程汇编[Z].北京：人民出版社，1979:2;8;22;33;74;177;193.

[5][12] 范平，姚桓. 中国共产党章程研究[M]. 北京：中共中央党校出版社，1993:20;36.

[9]中共中央文献编辑委员会.邓小平文选第二卷(1975-1982)[M].北京：中央文献出版社，1997:233.

[13][14] 李君如. 中国共产党历次全国代表大会研究[M].北京：东方出版中心，2007:353;353.

[15][16]中共中央文献编辑委员会. 中国共产党章程[Z].北京：人民出版社，2002:5;6;.

[17][18][19] 中共中央文献编辑委员会. 中国共产党章程[Z].北京：中国方正出版社，2007:6;14;57-58.

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英语论文答辩提问回答范例

这个回答可以啊

英语毕业的论文答辩稿（精选6篇）

The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style.

Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !

我的论文的标题是哥特式风格的研究

接下来，我将向您介绍。这是我演讲的大纲。他们是文学评论，哥特式传统，哥特式风格的故事和哥特风格的原因。

好的，就是这样。现在你可以提出你的问题!我准备好了!谢谢！

Good morning,

Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ：

My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van Winkle).

Thank you!

The title of my paper is xxxxxxxxxxxxx. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.

For the above facts, I select this title.

Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.

The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.

The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.

The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.

The last part is the conclusion.

I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.

When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.

That’s all. Thank you.

英语毕业论文答辩（通用6篇）

英语的论文答辩要点是格式最好少些瑕疵，提前将abstract和conclusion背一背。有利于答辩的顺利进行。下面是我为大家整理的.关于英语毕业论文的答辩。欢迎大家阅读。

Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of On Transformation of parts of speech as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.

The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.

So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.

Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.

Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

Good morning,

Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ：

My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Thank you!

Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective as the title of my paper.

Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !

Good morning, appraises committee members and schoolmates. I come from class 08951, and I am Yu Lianfei.

Today, the title of my paper is On the Network Novels. In recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. Network novel is one of the fast of them. In the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels' addicts. For the above facts,I select the subject of “on the network novels” as the title of my paper. Then, I will show it to you. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into four parts, as the concept of network novels, the classification of their authors, the development of network novels and the prospects of that.

The first part, the definition. Its concept can be divided into the generalized and the narrow. And it can also be divided into boys’ and girls’ in another way.

The second part, the classification of their authors. Generally speaking, there are four kinds of authors. The first kind is some people who have favor of literature, they are writing but not for fame. Then, there is some one has favor for literature and also be for fame. The third kind is some people who have explicit goals at the beginning of his writing. And the last kind are some people who just want to express their view, their viewpoint and their feeling with no desire of being published. They take up the most of the authors.

The third part, the development. The network novels’ development can not separate form the development of the net and the literature websites. Its developing process may be divided into three stages approximately. The first stage is from 1996 to 2000. This time's literary work often did not strive for (were also not aware of) the fame and fortune, and moreover received the control of tradition. The second stage is beginning of 21st century, mainly contains 2001 and 2002. In this period, the whole network presented the situation of “chaos”. The third stage is from May, 2003 and continues until now. In this period, many schools come into the world, and when a school became a hit there must be many people mimic it.

The last part, the forecast. Looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. If each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person’s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.

Not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.

Teachers, good afternoon! My name is Chen Jing, the students of class xxx, my thesis topic is《 the power of the giver and the victim, foucault power interpretation theory perspective, the heroine in “the golden notebook, Anna》，thesis is completed under Wang Zhiqin teacher of meticulous guidance, here, I express my deep appreciation to my supervisor, to the teachers to take part in my thesis express our heartfelt thanks to you for, and for the past three years I have a chance to listen to the teachings, teachers say heartfelt I will this paper design the research background, significance and main content of the teacher made a report, please the teacher criticism guidance.

First of all, I want to talk about the research background and significance of the graduation thesis design.

Since the Golden Notebook involves comprehensive themes such as colonialism,feminism,racism,communism etc. and due to its severely fragmented writing forms,it has intrigued groups of both domestic and overseas critics. The research abroad could be roughly divided into three stages. The first comes about the biography of the author”],the general introduction and reading background of this novel,then a number of explorations over the themes of this book have been conducted, from the most popular one feminism,psychological featuresto the philosophical elements. Finally, critics shifted their concentration to the unique form or style applied by Lessing,for instance they analyzed the varied narrative techniques employed within ,the aesthetic value it displayed ,as well as its artistic nature generated by its messy it is worth mentioning that in 2006 Tapan has composed a specific collection of reviews on the Golden the study over this novel in foreign country has been quite fruitful and mature, the research in China is far lagging behind, most of them just emphasized the novel's multiplethemes such as feminism,eco-economic,psychology and modemism Thus more angels should be discovered by scholars at home, such as colonialism, religious and psychological exploration, and their research method should be more diversified,for instance,the potential inter-disciplinary study of this novel are waiting to be excavated, and seldomhave critics compared this masterpiece with other similar text.

Based on Foucault's power theory, this thesis is going to explore how the female protagonist Anna in Doris Lessing's the Golden Notebook, the producer and victim of power,fought against her catastrophic life. Through a close reading of the text, this thesis aims at making a Foucanldian interpretation on Lessing's motivation behind portraying such a schizophrenic female personality, convincing the reader that power permeates every capillary of the society mainly by exerting influence on power relations between individual. Sinceeverything concerns with the functioning of power, be it tragedy or comedy, Anna's destiny cannot be an exception, instead of restraining from the one-way suppress from men,Foucault's power theory enables us to put the heroine into a larger, more diverse cultural or social background where individual's identity could be perceived with much more plurality or heterogeneity. Ultimately, given Anna's gender attributes, the application of Foucault's power theory to the analysis of heroine can shed light on how women could wittedly deal with their counterpart, strike a balance between freedom and restriction, and thus heading feminism into a more reasonable and rational direction.

Secondly, I want to talk about the structure and main contents of this paper.

The author is going to divide this thesis into five chapters. The first chapter is a briefing about the research background of the Golden Notebook, which provides an overview on the fragmented content and complicated structure of this masterpiece. The second chapter is an introduction of the research status of this novel at home and abroad, at the same time,Foucault's power theory will be elaborated here as the theoretical framework. Chapter three concentrates on the text analysis of the female protagonist Anna's pursuit of the free woman identity, which will be conducted mainly from three perspectives, namely her political faith,marriage and love, as well we psychological status. Through asserting Foucault's power theory into the text analysis, we could get a clear view on how the heroine became the victim of the omnipresent power in contemporary social organizations, and also how individual resisted power via making explorations on the genealogy of the self. Chapter four gives two different interpretations of Anna's destiny, with each representing the common feminists'view and Foucault's version respectively. Via such comparison, the author attempts to find a correlation between Foucault's power theory and feminism, to tell in what ways Foucault'spower theory have modified parts of problems in current feminism, and how the formal convergent with the latter. The last chapter serves as a concluding part in which a summary of this thesis will be reached, and limitations as well as further implications will be point out.

Finally, I want to talk about the deficiency existing in this paper.

The limitations of this thesis cannot be regarded as the challenge to the relevance of Foucaxxlt's theory to feminism; on the contrary, it tells that the value of applying Foucault'spower theory lies precisely in his invitation to feminists to remain highly critical about their previous prejudices as well as their future trends. In order to make full use of Foucault's power theory in modifying feminism, we have to dig out more convergences they share with each other. With the idea that knowledge and truth are partial ones serving as a start,Genealogy is then an excellent perspective for farther explorations on the Foucauldian and feminist projects.

Thank you very much!

Good morning， Distinguished professors and teachers， ladies and gentlemen， thank you for attending the oral defense. I am XX. First and foremost， I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor， professorXX， for his intellectual guidance， invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis. My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative， evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society.

And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part， the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society.

Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part， and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part. Thank you!

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