中文摘要 《远大前程》是英国作家狄更斯的代表作之一。自从出版以来，它吸引了众多文学评论家的注意。本论文是首次运用苏联文艺理论家巴赫金的狂欢化理论来对《远大前程》进行分析。本论文讨论了狂欢节的笑及其在这部小说中所采取的幽默，讽刺及其它弱化了的形式。《远大前程》的主人公匹普被认为是狂欢节之王。他的加冕和脱冕过程表现了巴赫金所说的令人发笑的相对性。狂欢节之宴和具有象征意义的火在狂欢节之王的加冕和脱冕中具有重要的作用。在巴赫金的荒唐现实概念的基础上，本论文把这部小说中的人物当作狂欢节的群体来对他们特殊的语言和行为来进行分析。同时这部小说中又有狂欢化地狱的描述。所有这些都表明这部小说表现了狂欢化理论的基本方面。因此，《远大前程》是一部狂欢化了的小说。 外文摘要 Great Expectations is one of the representative works of Charles Dickens". Since its publication, it has attracted the attention of the critic circle. This thesis is the first academic attempt to apply the carnival theory to the analysis of Dickens" Great Expectations. The theory is raised by the Russian scholar Mikhail Bakhtin. Several key terms of the theory are discussed and used in my study of Great Expectations. Carnival laughter is explored in this novel, which takes the muffled form---humor, satire and irony. The hero Pip of Great Expectations is regarded as the carnival king in the light of carnivalization. Through Pip"s crowning and decrowning, Bakhtin"s notion of joyful relativity is expressed. The carnival feast and the symbol fire play a very important part in his crowning and decrowning. The characters in this novel are discussed as carnival collective on the basis of the conception of grotesque realism. The language of these characters is distinctive which is called "billingsgate language" in Bakhtin"s term. Also the novel is not devoid of the atmosphere of carnival hell. All these indicate that the key aspects of the carnival theory are demonstrated in Great Expectations. This leads to my conclusion that it is a carnivalized novel.
毕业 论文是高校大学生毕业前必须完成的教学任务,但论文选题工作则是毕业论文管理中的首要环节。下面是我带来的关于英语专业毕业论文选题 文化 的内容，欢迎阅读参考! 英语专业毕业论文选题文化(一) 1. 从拉康的镜像理论看杨克的悲剧根源 2. 从正负值面子理论简析中美面子差异 3. 中国菜名翻译中的文化翻译策略 4. 从旧南方到新南方——斯佳丽·奥哈拉在内战前后的成长历程 5. 探究家乐福公司的 企业文化 :基于其网站内容的文本分析 6. 汉语对 英语写作 词汇的负迁移作用 7. 《美国悲剧》的消费文化分析 8. 从二语习得角度对比分析英语习语学习中的翻译导向模式与文化导向模式 9. 礼貌原则在英文商务信函中的应用 10. 南方哥特式小说特征在《心是孤独的猎手》中的体现 11. 城市公示语的汉译英探索 12. 归化与异化理论在汉语 歇后语 翻译中的应用 13. 《婚礼的成员》中弗兰淇·亚当斯双性同体现象的研究 14. 论《喜福会》中的文化冲突与共存 15. 广告 语言模糊性的语用研究 16. 利用美剧进行 英语听力 自主学习 英语专业毕业论文选题文化(二) 1. 大学生 英语口语 学习动机研究 2. 从文化视角看中国白酒广告 3. 从功能翻译看《围城》英译本中文化信息的传递 4. 对《达罗卫夫人》中克莱丽莎和塞普提默斯形象的研究 5. 公示语汉译英错误及对策探析 6. 探究美国安利公司的企业文化：基于其网站内容的文本分析 7. 运用写长法促进英语写作能力的提高 8. 中美“面子文化”对比分析 9. 英汉恭维语和告别语的对比分析 10. 英汉爱情隐喻的对比研究 11. 新闻英语汉译的翻译技巧浅析 12. 中美家庭文化比较 13. 从文化的角度浅析中美企业 人力资源管理 的差异 14. 华中农业大学英语专业学生高级 英语学习 状况调查 15. 跨文化交际中中西方馈赠礼仪刍议 16. 解读《双城记》中的人道主义思想 17. 论《了不起的盖茨比》中的消费主义 18. 从戴姆勒克莱斯勒事件看文化因素对跨国企业合并的影响 19. 对中美离岸外包过程中跨文化交际案例的分析 英语专业毕业论文选题文化(三) 1. 广告双关语的作用 2. 中美交流思维模式的差异 3. 浅析《灶神之妻》中的多元文化主义 4. 合作原则在英语商务信函中的应用 5. 透过“超女现象” 反思 美国大众文化对中国传统精英文化的影响 6. 浅析《飘》中女主角——斯佳丽女性主义发展的三个阶段 7. 从《绝望主妇》第一、二季看美国社会的平等观 8. 论《名利场》中萨克雷讽刺艺术的运用 9. 《喧哗与骚动》象征意象的分析 10. 当代美国个人主义价值观及其在美剧《超能英雄》中的反映 11. 中世纪西方__文化的繁荣 12. 从译者主体性角度比较Moment in Peking的两中文译本 13. 分析《远大前程》中郝维香小姐悲剧的成因 14. 论英语广告语中面子威胁行为的礼貌补救策略 15. 浅析中英茶文化差异 16. 合作原则的违反在网络聊天语言中的体现 17. 中英文文学作品中传统婚姻观念的对比
中文摘要 《远大前程》是英国作家狄更斯的代表作之一。自从出版以来，它吸引了众多文学评论家的注意。本论文是首次运用苏联文艺理论家巴赫金的狂欢化理论来对《远大前程》进行分析。本论文讨论了狂欢节的笑及其在这部小说中所采取的幽默，讽刺及其它弱化了的形式。《远大前程》的主人公匹普被认为是狂欢节之王。他的加冕和脱冕过程表现了巴赫金所说的令人发笑的相对性。狂欢节之宴和具有象征意义的火在狂欢节之王的加冕和脱冕中具有重要的作用。在巴赫金的荒唐现实概念的基础上，本论文把这部小说中的人物当作狂欢节的群体来对他们特殊的语言和行为来进行分析。同时这部小说中又有狂欢化地狱的描述。所有这些都表明这部小说表现了狂欢化理论的基本方面。因此，《远大前程》是一部狂欢化了的小说。 外文摘要 Great Expectations is one of the representative works of Charles Dickens". Since its publication, it has attracted the attention of the critic circle. This thesis is the first academic attempt to apply the carnival theory to the analysis of Dickens" Great Expectations. The theory is raised by the Russian scholar Mikhail Bakhtin. Several key terms of the theory are discussed and used in my study of Great Expectations. Carnival laughter is explored in this novel, which takes the muffled form---humor, satire and irony. The hero Pip of Great Expectations is regarded as the carnival king in the light of carnivalization. Through Pip"s crowning and decrowning, Bakhtin"s notion of joyful relativity is expressed. The carnival feast and the symbol fire play a very important part in his crowning and decrowning. The characters in this novel are discussed as carnival collective on the basis of the conception of grotesque realism. The language of these characters is distinctive which is called "billingsgate language" in Bakhtin"s term. Also the novel is not devoid of the atmosphere of carnival hell. All these indicate that the key aspects of the carnival theory are demonstrated in Great Expectations. This leads to my conclusion that it is a carnivalized novel.
GreatExpectations was written by British writer Charles Dickens. The name of the hero is Pip, and the story begins with Pip meeting a fugitive in the churchyard of a small village. The fugitive, Abel Magwech, had just escaped from the prison boat. He was very hungry, so he forced Pip to bring him food. Pip felt very scared and gave the escaped prisoner food. No one expected that this fugitive had changed Pip's life. Pip fell in love with a girl from the upper class. Since then, he has been no longer at ease. He was ashamed to keep company with his partner - his sister's husband, his good friend, a blacksmith; There are other people in the village. When he knew that someone had offered him a large sum of money to receive higher education, Pip was very happy. He felt that he was finally worthy of that young lady. He left the village and his friends. He forgot the fugitive in his childhood and went to London to study. Later, when he found out that the large amount of money for his study was the money for the escaped prisoner to work hard after he broke out of prison again, his whole body trembled with disgust, and he regretted leaving his old good friend to associate with the escaped prisoner. A series of things happened later, so I won't go into details always want to compare with their friends around us. If they have money, we certainly want to have money. On the contrary, if they are poor, we don't care about being poor as well. This is probably human nature. We will not be ashamed of our own stupidity, but only because we are more stupid than our friends around us. It was because Pip felt ashamed after communicating with the upper class girls that he hated his friends who had been with him before. If we do not expect to have, we will not be frustrated by the loss. Since we did not expect to be rich, we will not be disappointed because of is the man who knows enough. The pursuit of material things has no end. At this time, we need to have a clear mind to recognize what we need and what we don't has heard of the British writer Dickens! He is a famous writer! I admire him very much, so I have read several of his books. Not long ago, I bought another copy of Great Expectations. After reading it, I felt very Expectations mainly tells that Pip, an orphan, was raised by his sister and brother-in-law and lived a poor but warm life. In order to win the love of beautiful and arrogant rich woman Estella, he decided to be a rich upper class gentleman. Coincidentally, one of the fugitives he once helped made a fortune, secretly aided him to study in London, and entered the upper class. Pip seemed to have a broad road ahead of him, and his "great future" was waiting for him. So he began to despise his family background and his relatives who lived in difficulty. After the refusal of courtship with Estella, the fugitive who funded him was arrested and all his property was confiscated. Pip was abandoned by the upper class again. He learned from his mistakes, reconsidered his life, and finally realized what a real life is. After many years, Pip returned to his hometown and gained his hard won affection and whole novel is true and profound, with dramatic ups and downs, and is full of appeal. Especially, I can't forget the flash of the "bright future", and the image of middle-aged Pip who has experienced a lot of coldness and warmth since then. I also learned a truth in life: When we achieve our goals in life, we must not be proud. Maybe one day, you will be like Pip, and your bright future will disappear., From Pip, I can see what kind of life is and what kind of future is the real "great future". Our life is the same, you must remember!
《远大前程》又译《孤星血泪》，是英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯晚年写成的 教育 小说。下面是我给大家整理的远大前程英文 读后感 ，希望能帮到大家!
There was a man who had seven sons, but he had no daughter, greatly though he longed for one. At last his wife told him that they could again expect a child and, sure enough, when it was born it was a baby girl. There was great rejoicing, but the child was weak and puny, so weak that it had to be christened at once. The father told one of the boys to go quickly to the spring and fetch christening water; the other six ran along with him, and because each of them wanted to be the first to dip the jug into the well, it fell in and sank. So there they stood and didn‘t know what to do, and none of them dared go home. When they didn‘t come back their father got impatient and said:“ I‘ll wager they‘ve been playing some game again and forgotten all about it, the godless brats.“ He was afraid the little girl would have to die unbaptized, and in his rage he cried out:“ I wish those boys would all turn into ravens.“ He‘d scarcely spoken the words when he heard a whirring of wings in the air overhead, looked up and saw seven coal-black ravens flying away.
Went to the bookstore during the holiday, I chose a book from a lot of world masterpieces, named Great Expectation, when I pick up this book, I have not expected that such an English book will have a so great impact on me, making my thoughts and feelings very deep, I think that the form and content of this book are all very outstanding.
It is written by Charles Dickens,a famous writter from England,and it is not I will turn to the topic on how it can attract me.
The character in this masterpiece left me the deep impression is falls in love with studied as hard as he himself for did he love Estella so much? Just for her beautiful face? because she is pretty? She is rich? She is proud? In fact, I think Pip pay out so much for the didn't treat him well and even that she didn't respect him at all! She put the food for him as a dog,but he didn't hate her. On the contrary, he left from his home and his friends. He just want to be a abandoned a lot than he got. I can't understand why he do it in this way. I think it's not worth at all. If one person don't like you or not respect you,you needn't do everything for her. So it made me quite feel sorry for Pip. He had a very difficult life...
Miss Havisham is aslo a character who left me a deep was a pitiful mother died farther was very rich and very only one child,Miss Havisham,by his first fact, she should have a nice life,but her wedding was destroied by her broke her heart and she was want to retaliate all was really a abject she chose a wrong way to continue her life..She wanted to hurt other she had is no good for made her feel a little there was more victims in the are so many persons in the they were hurt they want to hurt other innocent this is no good for them,but they did do not know why they did the world full of is difficult to understand.
That's my thought.
In this summer holidays, I read a book called Great Expectations, it was written by Charles Dickens, one of the most famous English writers. He wrote lots of wonderful novels. This book is one of his compositions. People always like to compare with their
In this summer holidays, I read a book called < Great Expectations>, it was written by Charles Dickens, one of the most famous English writers. He wrote lots of wonderful novels. This book is one of his compositions.
People always like to compare with their friends. It is a big foible of all the people. If other people have a lot of money, we also want to be rich. If all the people around us are poor , we never mind that we are very poor, too. we will not ashamed because of our folly. This is a social problem.
If we never possess anything, we will not mind we lost some thing. Since we don’t want to be very rich ,we will not feel despond because poor.
The protagonist of this novel is Pip (Handel). His parents died when he was a baby. His sister had brought him up ‘by hand’. His sister married to Joe Gargery, the village blacksmith. They didn’t have much money, and Pip never went to school to study. But he was often very happy .Because all of his friends are like him. It isn’t very unfortunate to them, this is their lives. But by a chance, Pip helped a convict; he gave much food to him. Then he met Miss Havisham, a very strange old woman and she was very rich.
Four years later, Miss Havisham wants Pip to be removed from his home and educated as a gentleman who expects inherit a fortune when he grow up.
After hearing that . Pip started to despise his poor friends. He even feel ashamed because he live with the poor man . Pip’s ‘great expectations’ destroyed his life.
This novel told us that we cannot compare with others .Don’t feel envy at the others money. And if one day you be very rich , please don’t despise your poor friends.
你在 这个网站上找，很详细，开题报告的范围和题目，要找你的导师确定，然后是任务书，老师会给你指出你的题目合格不，开题报告还要进行答辩，现在就开始准备，否则到下学期很忙，我刚把开题报告和任务书交上去了，现在就准备写正文了，祝你好运。
比如中国历史上非常著名的一些女性，比如武则天，从她的历史和性格多方面来阐述今天的女性拥有她这样特质的女人，或者吕后，慈禧太后，宋美玲，不一定是小说，那样历史的话会更生动，包括杨贵妃威胁李白这段，还有貂蝉美人计诱导吕布！希望能给你点思路！
英语专业毕业论文选题
1、浅析雾都孤儿的反讽性
2、海明威短篇小说中的老人形象分析
3、论英源外来词的翻译
4、从电影三个白痴看印度的社会问题
5、教师提问对学生思维发展的影响
6、浅谈英语阅读中的词汇教学方法
7、山东省英语教育培训机构现状调查
8、初中英语教学中微课的构建与应用
9、远大前程一部成长小说角度下的教育小说
10、论喜福会中中美文化的冲突及磨合
11、传播学视角下旅游文本的汉英翻译策略研究
12、角色扮演活动在小学英语课堂中的有效性研究
13、“场依存，场独立”认知风格对高中生英语阅读的影响
14、中国幼儿英语浸入式教学方法探究15、从女性主义角度研究紫色
中文摘要西方文学史当中，维多利亚时期被视为是一个重要的分水岭。在此之前，人类习惯用宗教的角度去看待世界，但十八世纪中开始，工业革命在西方展开，各种机器的发明使得当时科学极具的发达，科学带来的影响逐渐改变当时的人民，人类开始采用科学的角度去思考这个世界。达尔文(Charles Darwin)的两部作品，包括物种原始(Origin of Species)及人类原始及类择(The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex)，当中进化论和物种原始的概念造成维多利亚时期社会的一片震撼。本文主要使用达尔文的两大概念—天择及性择—探讨狄更斯(Charles Dickens)的小说—远大期望(Great Expectations)。第一章主要介绍达尔文的进化论及其理论产生背景，其中包含天择(Natural Selection)及性择(Sexual Selection)，其中看出为求生存，生物会自行突变以适应环境的变化，第二章主要针对天择的概念探讨狄更斯之小说，透过物竞天择、均变论(Uniformitarianism)及巨变论(Catastrophism)的对照、达尔文对演化概念及唯物论(Materialism)的诠释、推论出外在环境对生物的影响。第三章则是针对性择的概念探讨书中女性与男性角色之互动，透过无性生殖(Parthenogenetic Reproduction)、母性本能(Maternal Instinct)及男性竞争天性(Male Competitive Tendency)的概念，探讨达尔文及狄更斯作品所中隐含之性别意识。英文摘要The Victorian period can be regarded as a watershed of the history of literature. Before the Victorian period, people tended to see the world from a religious point of view. Because of the improvement of science, Victorians began to change their attitudes and started to consider things from a scientific perspective. Charles Darwin, the author of The Origin of Species and The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, introduced evolutionary theory and created a heated dispute that has lasted, to some degree, even until today. This thesis applies Darwin’s two ideas— natural selection and sexual selection— to investigate into Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations. The introduction briefly discusses Darwin’s evolutionary theories and their application in Dickens’s Great Expectations. The first chapter investigates natural selection and sexual selection with more specifics. Simply put, for example, organic beings evolve in order to adapt to the environment. Male of all species try to seduce females in order to propagate. The second chapter deals with the difference between uniformitarianism and catastrophism, and how Darwin challenges the idea of “progress” and how natural selection applies to the notion of materialism. In addition, recalling Darwin’s observation that organic beings would change themselves due to the pressure of survival, readers of Dickens’s novels see how environmental changes bring effects upon characters. The third chapter concentrates on Darwin’s sexual selection, including the contrast between parthenogenetic reproduction and sexual selection, female supremacy in the animal world and male dominance in the human society, as well as female’s maternal instincts and male’s competitive tendencies. Finally, I conclude with the gendered ideology that both Darwin and Dickens reveal in their works. In conclusion, approaching Dickens’s novel from the perspective of Darwin’s evolutionary theories, we see how Victorian literature and science merged together.我只知道这些！ 不能抄我回答！
比如中国历史上非常著名的一些女性，比如武则天，从她的历史和性格多方面来阐述今天的女性拥有她这样特质的女人，或者吕后，慈禧太后，宋美玲，不一定是小说，那样历史的话会更生动，包括杨贵妃威胁李白这段，还有貂蝉美人计诱导吕布！希望能给你点思路！
迪西欧论文网“论文编辑”团队，由一批专、兼职审稿专家组成，对广大朋友的来稿进行审核和编辑，保证达到论文发表的需求，以期稿件能够如期发表，确保广大朋友职称评定，并顺利晋级！希望对你有用，如果有帮助就采纳一下吧 ^_^ ^_^ 〈〈远大前程〉〉中皮普的性格分析 1．介绍查尔斯狄更斯的生平及主要作品，简述小说远大前程的内容。 2．从四个不同时期皮谱的人际关系以及心理活动的变化来分析皮谱的性格。 皮普的童年时期 皮普去伦敦之前的时期 皮普在伦敦之前生活的时期 皮普知道真正的恩主之后 3．全面剖析皮谱这一人物形象性格中的缺点和优点。 优点：对知识的渴求；对梦想的执著。 缺点：对金钱的过度崇拜；对于生活的被动。 4．分析影响皮普性格的原因 环境改变了他的性格.使皮普从天真无邪,充满幻想的少年到奢华势力的青年. 乔及马格韦契的爱使得皮普性格中仁爱的一面开始复苏. 文化是皮普性格形成的决定力量. 5. 总结全文. 总结皮普性格的特点,皮普给我们的启示及影响皮普性格的原因. 男主人公－－皮普 我头脑中对他的第一反映就是: 一切为了奥斯黛丽。他就是狄更斯本人的理想化身，他的人生原动力印证了心理学家弗洛伊德的性本能和性驱力的学说，他实现完美的人生的动力就是性爱。当他没有遇到爱斯黛丽时他的理想就是当姐夫乔的学徒，长大后当铁匠。但是当美丽骄傲的奥斯黛丽出现后，他的人生目标就改变了，那就是梦想进入上流社会，得到奥斯黛丽，以后，他的一切奋斗与忍受苦难都是为了奥斯黛丽，一切为了奥斯黛丽。 敏感。也许是与乔一起在他姐姐的呵痒棍的打击下逆来顺受养成了敏感的本能。他从小就对周围环境对人很敏感，而且他对敏锐捕捉到的信息能够很客观地进行理解，含而不露。他对律师事务所里的那两位不显山不露水带着冷酷职业面具的律师贾格斯先生以及小职员温克米能透过面具看到他们善良的本质，并且得到他们的友谊与帮助，这也离不开他对人的敏锐觉察。 特别能忍受痛苦。从小就挨脾气暴躁的姐姐的打骂，大点到郝维仙小姐的庄园受奥斯黛丽与郝维仙小姐的精神折磨，但是他对一切痛苦体验都能接受，默默承受。一切痛苦自己承受，从来不去伤害别人。 善于体验他人痛苦与快乐，共感性强。独自一人在沼泽地教堂公墓凭吊死去的父母与五个未成年兄弟时，遇到了又冷又饿的凶恶的逃犯，在极度恐惧中，他能体验到这个逃犯冷得发抖、饿得能吃人的痛苦，在小说的描写中能看出他的幼小心灵里充满了同情与善良，因此当他离开墓地，回到家里时尽最大努力偷了许多食物，尤其可爱的是他还偷了点酒，当他将食物给逃犯，看到逃犯狼吞虎咽时，他对那个逃犯充满了很复杂的感情。这救逃犯的场面是最能体验小皮普忍受恐惧的能力、善良、沉着、善于体验他人痛苦的本性。他也能理解在婚宴上被抛弃的郝维仙小姐的痛苦，尽管被她和她那美丽骄傲的养女所折磨，但是他能理解她们为什么那样，而甘心去承受她们带给他的痛苦。对温克米的两种人格的理解，对温克米与他父亲的快乐，对于自己朋友赫伯特的快乐能够一起共享共同维护。 强烈的耻辱感与犯罪感。 过去时代一切伟大作家所以成为不朽，原因之一，是因为他们在作品中通过生动的艺术形象的塑造，表达了人民的喜怒哀乐，表达了人民的愿望。 在阶级社会里，尽管从政治上、经济上统治和技制着广大人民的是封建地主阶级、军阀、或者资产阶级、金融寡头，但是在文学作家、艺术家之小，却有不少人力图站在被压迫人们的一边来反映社会生活：他们对一小报专横顽固、作成作徊的剥削阶级怀着强烈的憎恶和蔑视；而对众多的受迫害者却是满怀同情。 狄更斯(1812一1870)正是这样的作家。 在狄更斯所写的全部作品里，《大卫·考坡菲》也好，《艰难时世》也好，《荒凉山庄》也好，《老古玩店》也好——没有一部不是贯彻着上面所说的精神的。狄更斯一方面对各式各样的庞得贝、葛擂硬和奎尔普们作了无情的挞伐，一方面却满怀着同情描写大卫·考坡非和小耐儿这些孤儿的痛苦的遭遇。 也是涉及孤儿题材的《绝大前程》(一译《伟大的期望》)，狄更斯后期的作品。狄更斯在一八五九年发表了《双城记》，后一年则在《一年四季》杂志里开始发表《远大前程》，一八六—发表了这部小说的其余部分。 《远大前程》的题材，有人说，有点跟法国伟大作家巴尔扎克的《幻灭》相似，因为两者都是描写青年人建筑在沙土上的“灿烂似锦”的前途最后如何破灭的故事。然而这主要是由社会现实生活本身所决定的，这里不存在谁模仿谁的问题。 狄更斯这部小说的主人公匹普，也是个孤儿，他依靠姐姐的抚养长大。但姬姐对他很粗氮只有姐夫却处处回护他。在小时候，匹普曾经掩护过一个逃亡的囚徒。后来，他被镇上的一个神经质的地主贵族郝薇香小姐叫去伺候比给她消愁解闷。在那里，匹普见到了郝薇香的养女，美貌而又高傲的艾丝黛拉。匹普深深地爱上了她。他自伤形秽，为了要得到艾丝黛拉的爱情，他一心想做个“上等人”。匹普逐渐长大成人了，他当了干铁匠营生的姐夫的学徒，但是连年过节还是上郝薇香家去，思管这时郝薇香已经招艾丝黛拉送出国“接受上流小姐的教育去啦”，可是匹普却越来越热恋着艾丝黛拉。就在这以后，有个曾经在郝薇香家出入的律师贾格斯，跑来找匹普和他的姐夫。说是有个不愿透露姓名的财主委托他通知匹普，“他将来可以继承一笔相当可观的财产”，而且产业的现主人还要他马上跟姐夫解除师徒合 同，到伦敦去接受“上等人的教育”。匹普还以为这是出于郝薇香的主意，他的幻想可以变成规实了，自然全盘接受这种安排。匹普来到伦敦接受“上等人”教育的时期，艾丝撰拉又回国了，匹普又能经常和艾丝黛拉相见。艾丝黛拉若即若离、忽冷忽热的态度把个匹普挑逗得十分痛苦。但是匹普还是一厢情愿地以为这是郝薇香为了成全艾丝黛拉和他的好姻缘，给他的磨炼和考验，因此，还是苦苦地恋着她。然而不久，真相就大白了。有一天深夜，有一个人来找匹普，匹普在苍黄的灯光下认出此人就是他童年时救过的逃犯。原来就是这个逃到海外异国发财致富的囚犯阿伯尔。马格韦契暗中出钱要把他匹普培养成一个“上等人”。 他现在偷偷回国，就是想看一看他安培养的上等人现在出落得怎么样了。这件事完全和郝薇香无关。郝薇香所以一再找匹普去，让匹普和艾丝黛拉不断相见，无非是为了她在新婚的那天，就伤心地被人遗弃，现在要在两个无辜的孩子身上进行报复。郝薇香象斗怒蜂似的逗引他们相爱，然而结果却让艾丝黛拉“嫁给一头畜生”，在精神上对匹普进行了无情的折磨。 按照当时英国的法拽逃往海外的囚徒重回本国是耍处以绞刑的。匹普干方百计张罗船只想把马格韦契送上去美洲的轮船，但结果被马格韦契的死对头，也就是过去教唆马格韦契犯罪后来却消遥法外的主犯康佩生所发现。他追踪前来，使得马格韦契没有逃成功。 匹普原来心里所怀的巨大的希望、理想，终于全部破灭了：人家应许给他的让他成为“上等人”基础的财产，因为马格韦契身份的暴露而全部落空了。要不是匹普的好心的姐夫的支援，匹普最后还得被关进债务人监狱。 故事的结局是：匹普靠一个好朋友的支持，才在海外找到一点立足之地。十多年以后，他回国来探望姐夫。有一天，他去凭吊已经死去的郝薇香的庄屋，不料他在那里见到了已经寡居的艾丝熊拉，原来她也是来凭吊这座废墟的。最后，两个饱经沧桑的爱人，在互道“我们言归于好”中离开了这个富有象征意义的吞噬一切的废墟。 由此可见，狄更斯所以把这部作品定名为《远大前程》(或者译《伟大的期望》)，这原是一句反话，在这里，所谓“伟大的期望”和“幻灭”原是一个同义语。 据一些给狄更斯写传记、作评论的人说，狄更斯原来对小说结局的写法不是这样的。原来设想的场景还要更凄凉些。现在的结尾是狄更斯根据市尔韦·李顿的意见改写的。 在本世纪，狄更斯这部小说又被搬上了银幕(即《孤星血泪》)，影片删去了艾丝黛拉嫁给所谓“一头畜生”蛛穆尔的情节，同时把结尾也改得更乐观了。 狄更斯是用最亲切的态度来描写匹普和艾丝线拉之间的关系的。匹普对艾丝黛拉的感情真是十分真诚。匹普是一个没有父母的孤儿，除了姐夫以外，周围的人平时不是对他耳提面命，就是把他责骂殴打。。他根本得不到什么温暖。艾丝黛拉突然在他面前出现使他好象看到一个新的世界。艾丝黛拉一方面对匹普显得傲慢，一方面当匹普作了勇敢的表现时，却又主动对他说，“上这儿来，你要愿意的话，可以吻吻我。”这一吻使匹普决心要为艾丝黛拉“赴汤蹋火”。匹普本来是一心打算学铁匠的活儿，跟姐夫好心的乔一辈子生活在一起。他忽然想做“上等人”，就是为了能和艾丝黛拉平等相传。匹普的动机要比巴尔扎克《幻灭》中的吕西安那种野心勃勃的打算单纯得多。 由于小说是以匹普的名义来叙述的，因此全书就充满着关于匹普心理活动的描写。相比起来，直接写到艾丝黛拉的地方就比匹普少得多。可是从狄更斯对她着墨不多、但却轮廓分明的描写中，可以看出，在正常的情况下，她本来是一个可塑性很大、很有前途的姑娘。然而她却不幸落在郝菇否的手里郝薇香从她幼小时候，就教她傲慢，教她狠心，教她冷漠无情，这样就便池无法接受匹普的正常的爱情。 狄更斯终于让匹普和艾丝线拉各奔东死没有为了满足小市民庸俗的感情让他们结合这正是狄更斯的批判现实主义的力量所在。 狄更斯在《远大前程》里，不仅满怀同情地刻划了匹普和艾丝黛拉人物性格中的美，而且还以同样的心情刻划了匹普的姐夫——乔·葛吉瑞的善良的性格。这是一个心地温和、富于自我牺牲精神的工人。他跟匹普的姐姐结婚时．就要她把匹普这个可怜的娃娃也带过去。他曾经亲口对匹普说；“我们永远是最好的好朋友”。情形的确是这样，当匹普到伦敦去接受“上等人”教育的时候，尽管匹普受到伦敦生活的熏陶，有点对家乡疏远了，但是乔对匹普依然表示了深切的关怀，甚至对匹苦的伦敦生活表示了一种隐隐的不安，他告诉匹普说：“你和我在伦敦坐不到一块儿……除非到了家里，大家就成了口己人，彼此都了解。”这说明匹普到伦敦去做“上等人”，乔是不十分赞成的，后来，当匹普继承边产的希望完全破灭，又生了一场大病的时候，又是乔，不但在精神上给匹普以莫大的支持，而且悄悄地帮助匹普还清所欠的债款。 在《远大前程》里，乔和后妻毕蒂的幸福生活同匹普对“上等人”生活的追求，形成强烈的对照。匹普对生活、对爱情所怀抱着的“伟大的期望”的一一破灭，正说明现实生活中是不存在任何侥幸的机会的。 当然，由于历史的局限，当匹普终于发现自己所以能够做“上等人”，是完全依靠罪犯的财产时，这时他虽然有所醒悟，但是决不会从资本主义社会本身去找寻原因。 总之，《远大前程》是狄更斯的一部有深刻社会意义的小说；它的艺术感染力是十分强烈的。尤其是，狄更斯善于用第一人称来叙述事件的由来和发展，更增强故事的真实感。这部小说在结构上也是十分严谨的。尽管登场人物不久但是这些为数不多的人物却都是互相关联的。这样就增加了小说内容上的丰富、复杂性。例如，匹普后来从逃犯马格韦契口里弄清楚，在结婚的一天把郝薇香抛弃的就是教唆马格韦契犯罪的康佩生，而康佩生又是同郝蔽香的弟弟阿瑟尔暗中勾结了来败郝薇香的；艾丝黛拉则是马格韦契的女儿。如此错综复杂的人物关系，显然使作品带有更多的戏剧性。 《远大前程》无论在思想内容上，无论在艺术描写上，都是狄更斯颇有代表性的作品。 ’ 辛末艾
GreatExpectations was written by British writer Charles Dickens. The name of the hero is Pip, and the story begins with Pip meeting a fugitive in the churchyard of a small village. The fugitive, Abel Magwech, had just escaped from the prison boat. He was very hungry, so he forced Pip to bring him food. Pip felt very scared and gave the escaped prisoner food. No one expected that this fugitive had changed Pip's life. Pip fell in love with a girl from the upper class. Since then, he has been no longer at ease. He was ashamed to keep company with his partner - his sister's husband, his good friend, a blacksmith; There are other people in the village. When he knew that someone had offered him a large sum of money to receive higher education, Pip was very happy. He felt that he was finally worthy of that young lady. He left the village and his friends. He forgot the fugitive in his childhood and went to London to study. Later, when he found out that the large amount of money for his study was the money for the escaped prisoner to work hard after he broke out of prison again, his whole body trembled with disgust, and he regretted leaving his old good friend to associate with the escaped prisoner. A series of things happened later, so I won't go into details always want to compare with their friends around us. If they have money, we certainly want to have money. On the contrary, if they are poor, we don't care about being poor as well. This is probably human nature. We will not be ashamed of our own stupidity, but only because we are more stupid than our friends around us. It was because Pip felt ashamed after communicating with the upper class girls that he hated his friends who had been with him before. If we do not expect to have, we will not be frustrated by the loss. Since we did not expect to be rich, we will not be disappointed because of is the man who knows enough. The pursuit of material things has no end. At this time, we need to have a clear mind to recognize what we need and what we don't has heard of the British writer Dickens! He is a famous writer! I admire him very much, so I have read several of his books. Not long ago, I bought another copy of Great Expectations. After reading it, I felt very Expectations mainly tells that Pip, an orphan, was raised by his sister and brother-in-law and lived a poor but warm life. In order to win the love of beautiful and arrogant rich woman Estella, he decided to be a rich upper class gentleman. Coincidentally, one of the fugitives he once helped made a fortune, secretly aided him to study in London, and entered the upper class. Pip seemed to have a broad road ahead of him, and his "great future" was waiting for him. So he began to despise his family background and his relatives who lived in difficulty. After the refusal of courtship with Estella, the fugitive who funded him was arrested and all his property was confiscated. Pip was abandoned by the upper class again. He learned from his mistakes, reconsidered his life, and finally realized what a real life is. After many years, Pip returned to his hometown and gained his hard won affection and whole novel is true and profound, with dramatic ups and downs, and is full of appeal. Especially, I can't forget the flash of the "bright future", and the image of middle-aged Pip who has experienced a lot of coldness and warmth since then. I also learned a truth in life: When we achieve our goals in life, we must not be proud. Maybe one day, you will be like Pip, and your bright future will disappear., From Pip, I can see what kind of life is and what kind of future is the real "great future". Our life is the same, you must remember!
中文摘要西方文学史当中，维多利亚时期被视为是一个重要的分水岭。在此之前，人类习惯用宗教的角度去看待世界，但十八世纪中开始，工业革命在西方展开，各种机器的发明使得当时科学极具的发达，科学带来的影响逐渐改变当时的人民，人类开始采用科学的角度去思考这个世界。达尔文(Charles Darwin)的两部作品，包括物种原始(Origin of Species)及人类原始及类择(The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex)，当中进化论和物种原始的概念造成维多利亚时期社会的一片震撼。本文主要使用达尔文的两大概念—天择及性择—探讨狄更斯(Charles Dickens)的小说—远大期望(Great Expectations)。第一章主要介绍达尔文的进化论及其理论产生背景，其中包含天择(Natural Selection)及性择(Sexual Selection)，其中看出为求生存，生物会自行突变以适应环境的变化，第二章主要针对天择的概念探讨狄更斯之小说，透过物竞天择、均变论(Uniformitarianism)及巨变论(Catastrophism)的对照、达尔文对演化概念及唯物论(Materialism)的诠释、推论出外在环境对生物的影响。第三章则是针对性择的概念探讨书中女性与男性角色之互动，透过无性生殖(Parthenogenetic Reproduction)、母性本能(Maternal Instinct)及男性竞争天性(Male Competitive Tendency)的概念，探讨达尔文及狄更斯作品所中隐含之性别意识。英文摘要The Victorian period can be regarded as a watershed of the history of literature. Before the Victorian period, people tended to see the world from a religious point of view. Because of the improvement of science, Victorians began to change their attitudes and started to consider things from a scientific perspective. Charles Darwin, the author of The Origin of Species and The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, introduced evolutionary theory and created a heated dispute that has lasted, to some degree, even until today. This thesis applies Darwin’s two ideas— natural selection and sexual selection— to investigate into Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations. The introduction briefly discusses Darwin’s evolutionary theories and their application in Dickens’s Great Expectations. The first chapter investigates natural selection and sexual selection with more specifics. Simply put, for example, organic beings evolve in order to adapt to the environment. Male of all species try to seduce females in order to propagate. The second chapter deals with the difference between uniformitarianism and catastrophism, and how Darwin challenges the idea of “progress” and how natural selection applies to the notion of materialism. In addition, recalling Darwin’s observation that organic beings would change themselves due to the pressure of survival, readers of Dickens’s novels see how environmental changes bring effects upon characters. The third chapter concentrates on Darwin’s sexual selection, including the contrast between parthenogenetic reproduction and sexual selection, female supremacy in the animal world and male dominance in the human society, as well as female’s maternal instincts and male’s competitive tendencies. Finally, I conclude with the gendered ideology that both Darwin and Dickens reveal in their works. In conclusion, approaching Dickens’s novel from the perspective of Darwin’s evolutionary theories, we see how Victorian literature and science merged together.我只知道这些！ 不能抄我回答！
【篇一】远大前程英语读后感 Great Expectations has been considered to be one of Charles Dickens’ most mature and relatively late works. Having experienced a wealth of human life, Dickens got a profound understanding of human-being, the surrounding environment and his life experiences while all his mature thinking and understanding were summarized into the book Great Expectations. The original meaning of the work’s title in fact is a heritage, but when it was translated into Chinese it gave me an impression that the title shows the hero of the story had Great Expectations. However, reading over the book I realized that this Great Expectations takes an ironic bandit should be said that the theme of this work not only told the story of orphan Pip who wanted to be the ideal first-class disillusionment. If one does think so, he holds a wrong understanding of the great significance why Dickens creative the work. The hero Pip lived with his sister’s family. Though their life was hard, Pip didn’t wish to be a first-class person his vision was to be a blacksmith like his brother-in-law, his sister’s husband. The reason why he changed his mind and was eager to be a first-class person later was the changing of environmenthe met Miss Harvisham, Estella and some other complex people. As we know one of Dickens's philosophy thoughts is environment takes a deep impact to humans’ ideological and the story expresses his view that different environment creates different people. In short, I think the work was not arbitrarily written, but was based on the 10 works before aggregating Dickens’ thoughts. What is more, Dickens had put his outlook on life, his views of philosophy and ethics into the great creation. 【篇二】远大前程读后感英文版 With so many famous masterpieces on the booklist, it is really a pretty hard job to choose one to read first. After much hesitation and deeply thought, I finally decided to borrow Great Expectations from the small library. Great Expectations is about love, family, and rejection as Pip and Miss Havisham have both been rejected in certain ways. Pip is a boy around 13 years old, easy to fright, and goes through his life suffering lots of sadness. He is in love with a girl named Estella and wants her to find his love, but for him being shy and not showing himself to her, it makes it very hard for him. Great Expectations was the penultimate novel completed by the most popular novelist of Victorian England, Charles Dickens. Born in Kent, England, in 1812 to a family of modest means but great pretensions, Dickens’s early life was marked by both humiliation and ambition. Dickens never forgot the period of financial crisis during his childhood, when following his father’s bankruptcy, he was taken out of school and forced to work in a shoepolish warehouse. Pip meets an escaped convict, Magwitch, and gives him food, in an encounter that is to haunt both their lives. When Pip receives riches from a mysterious benefactor he snobbishly abandons his friends for London society and hisgreat expectations。 I set up my mind to select it for the reason that I have read a brief introduction of this masterpiece in my high school English textbook before. In addition, a Tale of Two Cities which is also written by Charles Dickens, the outstanding and special English writer, left me a wonderful and deep impression, when I finished reading the marvelous story. Of course, Great Expectations didn’t let me down, either. What’s more, the whole structure of the novel is well and elaborately designed. The plot is extremely attractive and full of unexpected twists. Quite a few characters have a distinguishable personality. Moreover, those words and sentences are so beautiful and meaningful that I even took them down carefully in my notebook. By reading them no less than three times, I have learned not only some new phrases and sentences, but also a philosophy of life. Among the characters, which impressed me most are not Pip and Estella who should be regarded as the leading roles, but Joe and Magwitch. I feel awfully sorry that I was not brave enough to read the original edition that is as thick as a brick. Otherwise, I may appreciate Joe and Magwitch more. Yes, they are not the main characters in the novel. However, what they said and what they did deeply touched me. It’s interesting, isn’t it? They are quite the opposite guys. One is a totally good man without the least bit of wickedness while the other is a prisoner who is believed to have committed every evil. I believe that everyone who reads the book is to like Joe. When he talked about his heavy drinking father who hit him a lot, he said he had a lot of love. Faced with his rude wife, he would rather seem a bit weak or foolish than stand up to her and fight for himself. Knowing peacockish Pip was ashamed of his uneducated manners, he left sadly and quietly. The world rushes on over the strings of the lingering heart making the music of sadness. But when he was informed of Pip’s illness, he immediately came to take good care of Pip. He is always contributing everything and requiring nothing. Such a man is Joe, kind, tolerant and selfless. Nothing is so mild and gentle as courage, nothing so cruel and pitiless as cowardice, says a wise author. However, why do I appreciate Magwitch, the bad guy? You may wonder. Indeed, Magwitch did a lot of evil things when he was young. But how can you be unmoved when you get to know that the old man kept himself going just by thinking of the boy who once did him a small favor？ He lost his only daughter and Pip had no parents, so he considered himself as the boy’s second father, making up his mind to help his dear boy became a gentleman. He did every kind of job and led a hard life in Australia. At last he made a big fortune and promised himself that all the money would go to Pip. He could have led a better life in Australia ,but Ihe chose to go back to London .with the simple intention of seeing Pip, he went back at the risk of being hanged! whatever the fault he had from the start, remember, reader, he had a good heart. Joe used these words to describe his father. But I think these words can better describe Magwitch. He lived with the fear of death all his life. Who shuts love out, in turn shall be shut out from love. However, thankfully, because Pip finally realized his good heart, his ending was peaceful. Dickens has Pip as the writer and first person narrator of this account of his life's experiences, and the entire story is understood to have been written as a retrospective, rather than as a present tense narrative or a diary or journal. Still, though Pip knows how all the events in the story will turn out, he uses only very subtle foreshadowing so that we learn of events only when the Pip in the story does. Pip does, however, use the perspective of the bitter lessons he's learned to comment acidly on various actions and attitudes in his earlier life. I know how to fully understand this novel, twice is far from enough. Pip, Estella, Miss Havisham, Biddy even Mr Wemmick, every single character has a story that is well worth my attention. I love this novel so much that I am determined to read the original edition one day. Believe me. But before that day comes, I will see the movie Great Expectations first. Search for knowledge, read more, sit on your front porch and admire the view without paying attention to your needs.