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人工智能文章100篇

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人工智能文章100篇

Future trends in computer science is one of the artificial intelligence,It is the research and artificial simulation of human thought and eventually be able to make a human like to think the same human services and to help people solve all, people thought it was unique, there are feelings, there are a variety of character, this will be very difficult to achieve in the fact, to do the same as the human thinking machine, the only one of the artificial intelligence, is by no means all.

Can machines really think? The artificial intelligence, such as a computer that thinks like a human being is scary. Is building a machine that thinks like a human really possible? We are ever closer to building an AI that thinks like a human. When it comes to this issues, different people offer different views, some people think that machine has feelings like human beings is interesting and it may be a better server to human; while the other think it is dangerous, it may causes a revolt.机械真的会思考么?人工智能,能像人类一样思考的电脑也许很可怕。制造一个能像人一样思考的机器有可能么?我们几乎能够创造一台像人类一样思考的人工智能了。每当说到这个话题,不同的人有不同的见解,有人认为有人一样感情的机器很有趣,也许能够更好的服务人类;然后有些人认为这很危险,有可能会造成叛乱。People who approved of human feelings machine think that once robot has specific feelings, such as happy, sad, anger, they might be more humanize. For example, maybe in the future a robot nanny will replace a real human nanny, who are work more effective and without any complain. If they have real emotion, they are more perfect, and more like a company but not a cool machine.赞成人性化机器人的人认为一旦机器人有特殊的感情,像开心,悲伤,愤怒,他们就会越人性化。例如,也许在未来机器保姆会替代人类保姆,它们工作更有效率,毫无怨言。如果他们有真感情,他们就更完美了,更像一个伴侣而不是冰冷的机器。

人工智能对学习知识的帮助(140 words)

My view of artificial intelligence helping learning. With the progress and development of technology, the way of human learning knowledge has gradually evolved from evolution, experience, and inheritance to dissemination and storage with the help of computers and the Internet. Thanks to the appearance of computers, the way for human beings to acquire knowledge has become more efficient and convenient.

The original motivation was to make computer systems capable of human learning in order to achieve artificial intelligence. The machine finds gaps in existing knowledge, and then, following the example of the human brain and simulating evolution, it systematically reduces uncertainty, identifies similarities between old and new knowledge, and completes learning. In the near future, most of the knowledge will be extracted and stored by machines. Powerful computer algorithms will gradually acquire human-like abilities, including vision, speech, and sense of direction.

写作思路:可以从人工智能像人类一样思考这个角度出处进行阐述,中心要明确,语言要通顺连贯等等,避免语法的使用错误。

正文:

Can machines really think? The artificial intelligence, such as a computer that thinks like a human being is scary. Is building a machine that thinks like a human really possible? We are ever closer to building an AI that thinks like a human. some people think that machine has feelings like human beings is interesting and it may be a better server to human; while the other think it is dangerous, it may causes a revolt.

机械真的会思考么?人工智能,能像人类一样思考的电脑也许很可怕。制造一个能像人一样思考的机器有可能么?我们几乎能够创造一台像人类一样思考的人工智能了。每当说到这个话题,不同的人有不同的见解,有人认为有人一样感情的机器很有趣,也许能够更好的服务人类;然后有些人认为这很危险,有可能会造成叛乱。

People who approved of human feelings machine think that once robot has specific feelings, such as happy, sad, anger, they might be more humanize. For example, maybe in the future a robot nanny will replace a real human nanny, who are work more effective and without any complain. If they have real emotion, they are more perfect, and more like a company but not a cool machine.

赞成人性化机器人的人认为一旦机器人有特殊感情,像开心,悲伤,愤怒,他们就会越人性化。例如,也许在未来机器保姆会替代人类保姆,它们工作更有效率,毫无怨言。如果他们有真感情,他们就更完美了,更像一个伴侣而不是冰冷的机器。

People who against human robot argue that once the robot is more intelligent than we think, that maybe a great tribulation to human beings. There has a potential risks that once the robot is smart enough, they may unwilling to be human’s server anymore, they may want to be legally citizens, or even worse, to be the owner of the world. It is possible because they are smart and they are stronger compare with human beings.

反对人类机器人的人争辩说一旦机器人的智力超过我们所想的,这对人类来说是个大忧患。这会存在一旦他们足够聪明,他们就不会想继续服务人类,而想成为合法公民的风险,或者更加糟糕,成为世界的主宰。这是有可能的,因为他们聪明而且相对于人类,他们更强壮。

It is not sure what will happen in the future, having robot to serve for human beings is a good thing, but the issue of artificial intelligence is still controversial.

对于未来会发生什么还是不能确定的,有机器人为人类服务是好事,但是人工智能这回事儿,还是有争议的。

正能量文章100篇

邀请大家加入“百日诵读正能量短文”大家庭!每天充满正能量!         每日早晨诵读。让自己心情愉悦、精神焕发、浑身充满正能量,知道不如做到,重复诵读100天,内化于心,外化于行。 一.诵读《父母规》亲子承诺文(约3分钟)       我是一位爸爸(妈妈),我郑重承诺:      1)从此刻起: 我要多鼓励、赞美孩子, 而不是批评、指责、埋怨孩子。 因为我知道只有鼓励和赞美才能带给孩子自信和力量; 批评、指责、埋怨只是在发泄我的情绪,伤害孩子的心灵; 2)从此刻起 我要用行动去影响孩子, 而不是用言语去说教孩子。 因为我知道孩子的行为不是被教导而成, 而是被影响和模仿而成; 3)从此刻起: 我要多聆听孩子的心声, 而不是急于评断孩子。 因为我知道聆听才是最好的沟通。 4)从此刻起: 我要无条件的去爱孩子本来的样子, 而不是去爱我要求的样子; 因为我知道那是我的自私和自我; 5)从此刻起: 我要学会蹲下来与孩子平等沟通, 而不是居高临下的指使孩子。 因为我知道强制打压只会带来孩子更强烈的叛逆和反抗; 6)从此刻起: 我要用心去陪伴孩子, 而不是心不在焉的敷衍孩子。 因为我知道只有真正的陪伴才能让孩子感受到爱的温暖; 7)从此刻起: 我要控制自己的情绪, 和孩子一起安静和平的处理好每一个当下。 因为我知道脾气和暴力只代表我的无能和对孩子的伤害; 8)从此刻起: 我要积极主动的处理好与爱人的关系, 创造一个和谐的家庭环境, 绝不让夫妻矛盾影响和伤害到孩子, 因为我知道只有夫妻关系和睦才是对孩子最大的爱; 9)从此刻起: 我要让孩子长成他要长成的样子, 而不是我期待的样子。 因为我知道孩子并不属于我, 他只是经由我来到这个世界, 去完成他自己的梦想和使命。 10)从此刻起: 我要多为孩子种善因,行善事。 因为我知道种善因,方能结善果, 积善之家必有余庆, 积不善之家必有余秧; 11)从此刻起: 我要通过孩子的问题, 找出我自己的问题,修正我自己, 因为我知道孩子所有的问题 都是我的问题,我是一切的根源; 12)从此刻起: 我要成为孩子生命中最好的榜样,最智慧的老师,最慈爱的爸爸(妈妈)                   承诺人:宋才华                       二,《父母规》全文(约7分钟)               开篇诵 天大地大,父母最恩大。 山好水好,儿女孝最好。 千教万教,家教最重要。 身为父母,责任重大。 诚意正心,修身齐家。 上孝长辈,下爱儿女。 长幼互敬爱,合家欢乐。 家和万事兴,天下太平。         第一篇:父母重 父母重:父母者,大人称,为父母,责任重。子不教,父母过,教不严,父母惰。 关乎子:人之初,性本善,苟不教,性乃迁。生之根,命之脉,父母造,一生带。 关乎家:子女者,亲有别,善恶缘,父母结。结恶缘,一家苦,结善缘,全家福。 关乎国:小家国,大国家,小家安,大国定。父母修,子女正,家道齐,天下平。         第二篇:父母责 生其身:健康身,第一先,妊娠期,保护安。寝不侧,坐不边,立不斜,险不沾。 勿染疾,勿疲倦,勿恼怒,勿怨烦。存正心,起正念,听正语,言正言。 爱其心:人世间,爱最珍,爱之源,父母亲。真爱者,用心陪,赏其优,无怨悔。 传其 德:厚德者,能载物,明德者,能开悟。有德者,必有得,无求得,乃真德。 五常德,恒恒德,仁义礼,智信也。三达德,明明德,智仁勇,最为绝。 教其礼:不学礼,无以立,能知书,方达礼。礼之用,和为贵,礼之道,敬为最。 养其志:有志者,必有义,有义者,必有气。孟夫子,养浩然,缘何故,志义全。 护其智:人之智,与生具,能自觉,能自悟。揠苗助,徒且误,定静虑,智慧足。         第三篇:父母戒 勿失教:一年计,在于春,一生计,在年少。幼一染,长十效,蒙养正,圣功道。 小树苗,易扶正,养习惯,修毛病。及长大,正则难,长欲教,子厌烦。 勿专制:有专制,有反造,或离经,或叛道。以己念,强加告,生其命,夺其好。 民主风,新家道,父子亲,不专教。天之道,万物耀,爱他是,非我要。 勿伤尊:子可爱,不可辱,伤其尊,难弥补。苟伤尊,怨恨怒,加以时,亲情无。 情绪起,要处理,勿转迁,伤孩子。怨恼烦,代相传,今到我,誓愿断。 勿宠溺:宠与溺,造安逸,安其生,丧其力。宠与哄,患无穷,增自我,习性重。 勿比他:以子短,比人长,信心亡,无能量。以子长,外张扬,增傲慢,难成长。 勿唠叨:往不咎,来不忧,当下事,当下究。往复言,生厌烦,不接收,且逆反。           第四篇:父母道 夫妻道:男女正,天地义,夫妻别,乾坤理。上孝亲,下爱子,友与悌,和睦矣。 爱子道:父爱山,爱而俨,母爱水,爱而慈。俨与慈,山水映,爱圆满,子女幸。 教子道:定家规,立家训,修家谱,重家教。传家德,授家业,树家风,行家道。 言是传,身是教,上之行,下必效。教之本,慈与孝,代代传,家之道。 沟通道:子女呼,及时应,子女声,要倾听。子女问,耐心答,呼子女,音色恰。 威严道:威于信,子女敬;严于律,子女听。道以德,齐以礼,耻且格,家风正。 家业道:治业勤,持家俭,物资足,家人安。诗书继,继世长,忠厚传,传家远。 知善恶,良知显,为善业,余庆满。存善心,言善言,行善事,厚德然。         第五篇:教子观 孝尊观:仁者人,亲亲仁,不孝亲,何为人。德者得,师师德,不尊师,何以得。 真孝亲,不色难,祖宗德,流芳远。真尊师,敬爱然,圣贤智,代代传。 学习观:玉不琢,不成器,人不学,不知义。礼乐射,御书数,全面培,重点育。 博学之,审问之,慎思之,明辨之。真学者,笃行之,知行一,是真知。 交友观:益三友,友直者,友谅者,友多闻。损三友,友便辟,友善柔,友便佞。 见益友,思齐之,见不益,内省己。严律己,待人礼,不自私,利他益。 婚恋观:首道德,次好学,勿以利,为拣择。勿贪欲,勿恋色,至莫若,灵犀合。 同心力,利断金,同心言,臭如兰。同心容,容如亲,同心赏,赏如宾。 财富观:俭养廉,奢养贪,生活中,要节俭。量出入,不为难,无名财,莫要沾。 穷善己,达济他,富无骄,贫无谄。真财富,寿康宁,富贵德,善终善。 成就观:修身心,养道德,为往圣,继绝学。齐家正,治国能,为万世,开太平。 最后告:人之者,相中迷,念中控,情中奴。人之间,情欲连,五伦中,明德显。 人之德,五常德,仁义礼,智信也。人之道,开悟道,了烦恼,有福耀。  三、《能量短文》我很健康!我很快乐!我很富足!我是圆满富足的!我是因,世界是果!我是这个世界上最智慧的人!我有资格拥有这个世界上最美好的一切!每天都有好事在我身上发生我对一切的发生负100%的责任!我敞开自己,接受世界上所有的财富和幸运!我愿意改变自己,我愿意丢弃过去所有不恰当的信条!对不起!请原谅!谢谢你!我爱你!四、《我的行动誓言》今天是我新生命的开始,我立志要成为改变自己、家族、团队、民族和世界命运的人,只要确定了目标,我就立即行动,我一定能坚持到底,我说得到,就一定能做到,没有人能想象我的未来多么辉煌!五、《改变谣》如果你改变不了你的过去,请你改变你的现在。如果你改变不了事实,请你改变你的态度。如果你改变不了别人,请你改变你自己。如果你改变不了容貌,请你展示你的笑容。如果你改变不了天气,请你改变你的心情。命运在你自己手中,路就在你的脚下。改变从自身开始,改变从观念开始,改变从小事开始,改变从此时开始!六、《梦想在哪里》梦想不能说,会破。梦想不能碰,会疼。梦想不再以往,在前方。梦想不在表面,而在心灵深藏。有时候,梦想不是物质,而是精神。有时候,梦想不是生前,而是生后。有时候,梦想不是炫耀,而是远离尘嚣。有时候,梦想不是自己,而是你爱的人。曲中了,人散了,梦想就出现了。心碎了,酒醒了,梦想就清晰了。熬过了,坚持了,梦想就实现了。走过了,看见了,梦想就放大了。梦想不是回忆,是努力,是努力创造活着的意义。梦想不是忍受,是怒吼,是决定从今天起不再等候。梦想不是服输,而是挣扎,然后我活的更潇洒。梦想不是保守,而是愿意付出任何代价,然后分享给大家。原来梦想不是孝顺,而是有时候去陪伴。原来梦想不是溺爱,而是有能力去关怀。原来梦想不是争辩,而是会心的一笑。原来梦想不都是来自光明的动力,而常常是来自逆境的激励。梦想不在纸上、嘴上,而在内心深处。梦想不是滔滔不绝,而是专注、专心,暂时保持沉默。梦想不是更多的鲜花和掌声;而是你尊敬的人能够喊出你的名字。梦想不是更多的得到;而是爱你的人从心里为你骄傲、为你自豪!七、《我是最棒的父母》我是最棒的父母!我是最棒的父母!是的,我是最棒的父母!在孩子做对事的时候。我对孩子说声:“谢谢!”我常请教孩子,因为我知道请教能带给孩子最大的信心!是的,我是最棒的父母!我学会接受孩子的现状,并且信赖孩子的未来。我包容孩子犯错。因为尝试需要鼓励。每一次的开始都需要父母的赞美。孩子才能找到进步的起跑线。是的,我是最棒的父母!

无论在学习、工作或是生活中,大家都经常接触到征文吧,征文一般都具有精彩的开头,给人耳目一新的感觉。你所见过的征文是什么样的呢?下面是我为大家整理的传递身边正能量的征文范文(通用9篇),欢迎大家分享。

青春时代,正是人生之中充满生机与活力的阶段,而赋予青春以正能量,才能使这个朝气蓬勃的时代迸发出最美最亮的火花。给与青春正能量的人或事,其实并不遥远,就在我们身边。

就在上学期的夏天,似乎比以往热了许多。炎炎夏日灼烧着大地,路边的石凳也热得发烫。被衣服紧紧包裹着的我们自然也是大汗淋漓,我与同学走在马路上,不停地掂量着手中的午饭钱。如果买只冰棍,那么饭钱肯定就要缩水了;如果不买,又实在是热得要命,如果能捡到钱该多好。正在踌躇间,我和同学突然发现了身边一个黑色皮包。而周围则都是匆匆赶路的行人,没有一个人对这只皮包表示关心,出于好奇,他拿起了那只那只皮包,从拉链的缝隙中隐约看见里面有一沓红色钞票,旁边似乎还有些零钱,我们意识到:似乎真是捡到钱了,而且数额还不小。面对如此诱惑,我们二人不免动心了。哪怕不动那些大钞,只是顺手抽出两张零钱来买两个冰棍也行啊!对此,我们真是陷入了两难的境地。旁边的人都在匆匆赶路,丝毫没有注意到还有我们两个人,但是如果真抽几张,那么即使不到了寝食难安的地步,至少也会觉得良心受到了谴责。毕竟我们两个人自从出生以来就一只遵纪守法,没干过什么不体面的事。于是,我只好将选择权交给了他,毕竟他是第一个发现皮包的人,犹豫了一会儿,他还是决定将钱交工。

最后经检查,皮包里共有一千元现金,若干零钱,及失主身份证明。

虽然一千元在社会上并不是一笔多大的数目,但对于我们两个学生来说,仍是一笔可观的钱财。然而,我的那位同学却真正做到了拾金不昧,用自己的行动赋予了青春正能量,他的事迹既不渺小,也不伟大,但却值得每一个人深思。

“家风是一种无言的教育,润物无声地影响孩子的心灵”,这是中宣部部长刘奇葆的感言。是的,家风是一种无形的力量,也是一种有形的传承。家风一般通过家规、家训等有形的行为遵守,形成一个家庭或家族无形的道德精神氛围。自古以来,文化家庭都讲究“家风”传承,很多历史上曾经显赫长久的家族,都有自己独特的家风、家训和家教。泱泱华夏文明中,很多经典古籍都留下了家风传承的影子,成为后世学习的典范,如《国语》、《论语》等许多典籍中都蕴含家风家教精神,《颜氏家训》、《曾国藩家书》等更是成为家教典范。

不同的家庭氛围会塑造出不同的性格和处事之道。有的家训处事公道,积德行善;有的则自私自利,背信忘义。因此,家风的纯正与否直接影响着整个社会的风气。

以家规为载体,诠释正能量。家风是一个家庭或家族的传统风尚,是长期积淀而成的外在风格和内在风味,并非一人之言、一时之感。提到家风,我脑海里不禁跳出小时候的三个画面:吃年夜饭时,爷爷告诫孙辈“夹菜只夹自己够得着的”、注意自身礼仪;爸爸用自己的艰辛勉励我遇到困难咬咬牙就能坚持下去;妈妈连续四个昼夜不眠不休照顾重病的姥姥,回家后告诉我其实爱就是不求回报、不计过程的付出。时过多年,这些教诲仍对我影响至深。家风,在我看来,就是长辈言传身教传授给后辈的行事为人的方法和道理,并且代代传承、完善和丰富。

家风无言,却可以规范做人做事基本原则。我很幸运在一个有着好学、勤俭、孝顺家风的家庭里成长。这样的好家风,无疑是我今后人生道路上的无价之宝。

什么是正能量?我才上四年级呢,那是大人物能做的事,我一个9岁的小朋友能做什么呢?写不出征文来,这几天可把我急坏了。

一天,我在街上买菜,路过一个补习班。天突然黑漆漆的,不一会儿就下起雨来了,豆粒般的雨点像小石子一样砸到了我的脸上。幸好我带了伞。

我加快脚步,向我家的小区走去。刚走几步,我就被一个景象吸引住了。补习班的楼房下面的楼梯口,有一个看似一年级的学生正坐在那儿,坐在那儿一副着急样子,好像是一个忘记带伞的同学。我向前走了一步想帮助他送他回家,转念又想:保安会不会不让我进去呢?

正在我犹豫的时候,一个男生突然走出来,手拿一把雨伞,递给了那个没有伞的男生。只见他们的嘴巴一张一合,因为我站的距离离他们太远了,加上下雨淅沥淅沥的响声,我根本不知道他们在说什么。他们一直在说话,说了差不多2分钟,小男孩才带着雨伞离开,他渐渐消失在倾盆大雨之中。

那借出雨伞的男生又怎么回家?我毫不犹豫地跑去保安室,说了一句:“叔叔,吴老师找我有急事,我能不能…。。”“进去吧。”保安打断了我的话。我就大步流星地走去楼梯口,抹干脸上的雨水,一看,神马?竟然是我的朋友李世元。他也愣住了,我们相视了一会儿,转而都哈哈大笑了起来,不约而同地说:“兄弟,我们一起回家吧。”

回到小区时,雨刚好就停了。草丛里开满了野菊花,我就想起李世元借伞的情景,我觉得,他的心灵比任何一朵花都美。他就是一份小小的正能量。一份份小小的正能量能汇集成一股强大的推动力,美丽整个社会。回到家,我文思如泉,写下了这篇文章。

有时生活中一件不经意的小事,会让人发觉生活很美。

有一天,我刚扫完地准备去洗手间洗个手回家。我刚走到洗手间前往右边一看,男厕所的水龙头没有关上。反正女生不能进男生厕所,我就直接进去洗了手就出来了,心想:不知道有没有人把水关住。我前脚刚跨出一步,就看见有两个男生走进去,心想:我看一下他们会不会把水关住。只见一个男生把水关住了然后又开了一点点水来洗手。另一个男生问:“你为什么不直接洗手然后再关水呢?”“那样会更浪费水。”“哦”,另一个男生点了点头。当时,我心头有一阵莫名的感动。

我收好书包准备下楼,我走到了四楼,又发现了刚才那个男生。我走在前面,他走在后面。突然,我听不见了脚步声,感觉不对劲,我转过头来一看,发现楼梯口的灯也亮着,那个男同学微微踮起脚把灯给关上了,走向三楼。这一刻,我感觉喉咙中有一句话要喷涌而出:小小举动,书写美德。顿时我也明白了,这就是现在人们说的正能量。我的感动源于这份正能量。

透过阳台,我看见天空的太阳很耀眼。哦,生活真美!

暑假的一天,爸爸妈妈陪我去万绿园参加小学生象棋比赛。因为太阳太大了,所以只能坐公交车去了。

我们刚走到车站,正好有一辆开往万绿园的公交车来了,我一阵惊喜,就跟着爸爸妈妈上了车,我们找到座位坐好了。公交车开到半路时,到了滨江站停了下来,一位大概70岁左右的老婆婆上来了,她扶着一根拐杖,脚在发抖,好像脚很痛的样子。车在摇摇晃晃地开着,车厢里面人多,座位都坐满了。老婆婆只有站着了,她有点站不稳,爸爸发现了,连忙过去扶着老婆婆坐在自己的位置上。爸爸站在旁边,老婆婆笑了笑说:“谢谢你,年轻人!”爸爸亲切地说:“没关系,不用谢,您老人家坐好就可以了,不碍事的!”所有人把目光全部投到爸爸那儿,仿佛在说:“这年轻人坐得不错,社会需要这样的小善举,正能量。”我不禁为爸爸自豪起来。

不一会儿,车开到了万绿园门口,我们开心地下了车,去参加比赛了。不过,我心里总是想爸爸给老婆婆让座赢得大家欣赏的那一幕。我真想试试帮助别人的感觉?我也想发挥发挥我身上的正能量呢。

第二天下午,我在球场打球,看见王爷爷正艰难地提着一桶水走过来。我连忙跑过去问:“王爷爷,您提着这桶水要干什么?”王爷爷唉声叹气地说:“唉!花坛里的花都快枯黄了,我提水去那儿浇花!”我对王爷爷说:“王爷爷我来帮您提吧!”王爷爷微笑着说:“很重哪,你能提吗?”“能!”就这样,我就把那桶水提到了花坛边。王爷爷也跟了上来,对我竖起大拇指,连声夸赞我说:“小朋友,好样的!”我笑了笑说:“没关系,这点小事不算什么!”但这一刻我心里乐滋滋的,仿佛听到一个声音在说:“小朋友,你是个小小的正能量!”

我不禁哼起了我最爱唱的歌曲:你是我的小呀小苹果,…。

今年暑假我到华盖山下的红日亭参加社会实践活动,短短一周时间让我学到很多,感受很多,这些东西,在书本上难以直接学到!

一个亭一棵大榕树就是一道风景,一种生活,一个故事。每天天刚亮,我就来到红日亭,阿婆们早早在这里忙活开了,烧水煮伏茶,摆出干净的杯子,我也赶忙投身其中摆起杯子。十点钟开始,烈日下的行人们络绎不绝地来亭子里喝伏茶,有些家里不方便的人直接灌一大瓶伏茶,够他们喝一天。我问一位阿姨:“这茶好喝吗?”她说:“这茶不仅很好喝还很有用呢,不仅解渴还解暑呢,烈日炎炎,大人小孩都容易中暑,喝了伏茶就不怕了,我小孩每天都要喝一杯!”原来伏茶还有这样的作用啊,长知识了!

中午,茶所剩无几,阿婆们又开始烧水煮茶,热得汗流夹背,连脖子上挂着的毛巾都湿嗒嗒,我问整天笑咪咪的阿婆:“你这样一天到晚忙活,累吗?”她笑哈哈地说:“累,当然累,但心里快活着呢,晚上回家躺在床上一会儿就睡着了!”阿婆还告诉我,她们是从四面八方自动自发来的,一年365天天天来,无偿义务为大家服务,冬天还供应腊八粥呢。我的小脑瓜一转,又问:“供应这些东西也需要钱买过来啊!”她努努嘴,指着指示牌说:“你看,上面写着某某100元,某某200元。”原来有这么多好心人捐钱捐米啊,再由这群热心的阿婆们为大家服务,一股暖意涌上我的心头……

傍晚,又有些阿公阿婆来了,他们坐在大榕树下,津津有味地听着戏曲,渴了就喝杯伏茶,然后继续听曲……

在温州,像红日亭这样的供茶点就有300多个,这里面是一大批老人们的热心奉献啊!我在想,到底是什么让老人们乐此不疲地日复一日年复一年地坚持下去?我想应该是那金子般滚烫的赤子之心,乐于助人的心,奉献余热的心!

同学们,你们知道什么是正能量吗?正能量就是好人做好事,正能量就是用心去帮助别人,正能量就是关心别人,同学们,你们见过身边的正能量吗?那些拥有正能量的人,才是真正的好人,下面你们看看我身边的正能量吧!

一天,我们去散步,正聊天着,突然,前面一位老爷爷摔倒了,手被折了,路人只是冷眼旁观,没有丝毫帮助之情,这时,我看到一位叔叔快速走过去了,把老爷爷扶起来,用自己的手机打了120的电话,在救护车到来之前,他在百度上查了一下药,就到旁边的药店里买了药,用自己带来的热水泡过后,给老爷爷喝了下去,这时,救护车到了,医生们把老爷爷抬上车,我们目送老爷爷远去,心想:这位叔叔真是一位好人啊!

上个星期的一天放学后,我们的同学——王倚圆在回家的途中,一不小心,把手摔骨折了,很多天都没有来上学了,这个星期三,李老师要开展一次爱心活动,请同学们星期四带一些礼物送给王倚圆,放学后,我回到家,以最快的速度写完作业,然后去寻找我的`爱心礼物了,我想:苹果维生素多,又代表平平安安。就从家里挑了三个最好最大的苹果,又写了一个小纸条,上面写着:祝你早日康复,第二天,我来到学校,看到了许许多多的礼品,有暖手宝、洋娃娃、饼干、香蕉……原来,同学们都是很有爱心的啊!李老师叫大家把带来的礼物集中在一起,老师和一些同学将所有的礼物都送到王倚圆的家里,虽然我没有去看望王倚圆,但我们的爱心却早已飞到王倚圆的心中。王倚圆祝你早日康复!

同学们,听完这些正能量,你一定深受启发了吧。那就请大家像雷锋那样做一个无名英雄,传播正能量吧!

中华文明源远流长,中华文化博大精深。深厚的历史底蕴,光照四邻的传统礼仪,传统文化,让中华文明代代相传,让中华民族屹立于世界的东方。

前些天,我有幸阅读了《王泰让枣》:王泰是南朝梁国的秘书郎、藏书家,自幼是个聪明、有悟性、懂礼貌的好孩子。在他年仅几岁时,他的祖母把自己所有年幼的子孙都叫到了一起,把许多红枣倒在床上,让他们随便拿着吃。结果,孩子们争着抢着,都想多拿些枣子,乱成了一团,唯独王泰站在一旁,不去争抢。家人问他为什么不去拿枣子吃,王泰说:“去争去抢,都是不合理的,应当由祖母分给我们才对。”家里人都很赞赏王泰懂礼貌、知礼让,认为他长大后必将成为一个有出息的人,成为奇特的人才。

无论是王泰让枣,还是孔融让梨,体现的都是礼让的文明礼仪,他们年纪虽小,礼让却早已在幼小的心灵中生根发芽。古人云:“不学礼,无以立。”作为当代中学生的我们,更应该学会礼让,既促进了人际关系的和诣,又传承了我们中华民族的传统文化。

礼让常常是发生在不经意的小事上,而那次的礼让使我久久无法忘怀。

公交车到了,等了许久的人们蜂拥而上,争抢座位。这时,一位满头白发的老人迈着蹒跚的步伐登上了公交车,他的出现没有引起太多的关注。他被不断摇晃的人群挤到了车厢的最里面。公交车一阵剧烈晃动,老人也晃动着瘦弱的身体,险些摔倒。这时,一双结实有力的手扶住了老人。这是一位年轻力壮的小伙子。

“大爷,您当心些,别摔着了!”小伙子微笑着说道。“谢谢!”老人话语里充满感激。“大爷,您坐我这儿吧,我马上就下车了。”说着,他微微起身,伸手扶住老人,并慢慢地把那位老人扶到座位上去,并细心地扶他坐好。老人坐定后,他露出了舒心的笑容,老人也回应了他一个深切的微笑。

礼让不仅是个人素质的体现,更是社会道德和社会公德的体现!一件礼让的小事,却激励我们懂得了长幼之礼,明白了尊敬师长,以礼待人的真谛。

礼让——小举动,大智慧!

文明,是人类和谐相处的金钥匙。讲文明不仅是为了别人,收益的还有我们自己。直到今天,人们衡量一个人的素质,仍以这些细节作为评价的重要标准。

如果你抱着无所谓的态度,把剥下来的冰糕纸,把磕完的瓜子皮随手一撒,把嚼过的口香糖随地一吐,看见喜欢的花木伸手就折,遇到不顺心的事就开口大骂……那么在别人眼里,你的行为就是不文明的,你就是一个没有教养的人。

文明礼貌不仅给他人、给社会带来愉快和谐,也能创造充满爱心的环境,给自己带来快乐与温馨。中央电视台有一个公益广告:一个晨练的青年人,一边帮孩子拿下了不小心扔到树上的篮球,还把路边的垃圾扔到了垃圾箱,还帮助一位费力上坡的拉三轮车老人推车。这名青年早晨跑了一路,好事做了一路,快乐了别人,也快乐了自己。可见,讲文明并不难,难就难在你有没有社会责任感,能不能看见身边的小事,能不能弯一下你挺直的腰,文明行为其实就是我们的举手之劳。

古人云:“不学礼,无以立”。就是说,你不学“礼”,就没法在社会中立身。对一个人来说,文明礼仪是一个人的思想道德水平,文化修养的体现;对一个社会来说,文明礼仪是一个国家社会文明程度、道德风尚和生活习惯的反映。

亲爱的同学们,行动起来吧!我们一起高唱文明礼仪之歌,让歌声响彻神州大地。我们坚信播种文明,必定收获幸福!

生活当中正能量随处存在,但需要自己去寻找。100字的励志小 故事 ,虽然简短,但能给你带去正能量,给你带来励志的力量,积极向上的力量。那么关于正能量励志小故事100字你了解多少呢?下面是我分享给大家的关于100字正能量励志小故事,供大家鉴赏!

一位老和尚,他身边聚拢着一帮虔诚的弟子。这一天,他嘱咐弟子每人去南山打一担柴回来。弟子们匆匆行至离山不远的河边,人人目瞪口呆。只见洪水从山上奔泻而下,无论如何也休想渡河打柴了。无功而返,弟子们都有些垂头丧气。唯独一个小和尚与师傅坦然相对。师傅问其故,小和尚从怀中掏出一个苹果,递给师傅说,过不了河,打不了柴,见河边有棵苹果树,我就顺手把树上唯一的一个苹果摘来了。后来,这位小和尚成了师傅的衣钵传人。

世上有走不完的路,也有过不了的河。过不了的河掉头而回,也是一种智慧。但真正的智慧还要在河边做一件事情:放飞思想的风筝,摘下一个"苹果"。历览古今,抱定这样一种生活信念的人,最终都实现了人生的突围和超

古时候,有两个兄弟各自带着一只行李箱出远门。一路上,重重的行李箱将兄弟俩都压得喘不过气来。他们只好左手累了换右手,右手累了又换左手。忽然,大哥停了下来,在路边买了一根扁担,将两个行李箱一左一右挂在扁担上。他挑起两个箱子上路,反倒觉得轻松了很多。

把这两个故事联系在一起也许有些牵强,但他们确实有着惊人的相似之处:故事中的小战士和弟弟是幸运的,但更加幸运的是故事中的上尉和大哥,因为他们在帮助别人的同时也帮助了自己!

管理心得:在我们人生的大道上,肯定会遇到许许多多的困难。但我们是不是都知道,在前进的道路上,搬开别人脚下的绊脚石,有时恰恰是为自己铺路!

桌上流行一首 顺口溜 :握着老婆的手,好像右手握左手。

每当有人念出:熟悉的或不熟悉的一桌子人便会意地放声笑起来,气氛立刻就轻松了。当然,这是基于人家对该顺口溜的一致理解——感觉准确,描述到位。

有一天在餐桌上有人又念起这段顺口溜,男人们照例笑得起劲。

后来发现餐桌上的一位女人没笑。男人们忙说闹着玩别当真。没想到女人认真地说:最妙的就是这"右手握左手"。第一,左手是最可以被右手信赖的;第二,左手和右手彼此都是自己的;第三,别的手任怎么叫你愉悦兴奋魂飞魄散,过后都是可以甩手的,只有左手,甩开了你就残缺了,是不是?一桌子男人都佩服,称赞女人的理解深刻而独到,妇人淡淡地说:有什么深刻而独到,不妨回去念给你们各自的老婆听听,看她们说些什么。

男人当中有胆子大的果然回去试探老婆,果然老婆们的理解均与餐桌上的女士相同。

她们都是左手,男人们当然要以左手计。

而他们都是右手,他们当然作右手想

有位客人到某人家里做客,看见主人家的灶上烟囱是直的,旁边又有很多木材。客人告诉主人说,烟囱要改曲,木材须移去,否则将来可能会有火灾,主人听了没有作任何表示。

不久主人家里果然失火,四周的邻居赶紧跑来救火,最后火被扑灭了,于是主人烹羊宰牛,宴请四邻,以酬谢他们救火的功劳,但并没有请当初建议他将木材移走,烟囱改曲的人。

有人对主人说:"如果当初听了那位先生的话,今天也不用准备筵席,而且没有火灾的损失,现在论功行赏,原先给你建议的人没有被感恩,而救火的人却是座上客,真是很奇怪的事呢!"主人顿时省悟,赶紧去邀请当初给予建议的那个客人来吃酒。

管理心得:一般人认为,足以摆平或解决企业经营过程中的各种棘手问题的人,就是优秀的管理者,其实这是有待商榷的,俗话说:"预防重于治疗",能防患于未然之前,更胜于治乱于已成之后,由此观之,企业问题的预防者,其实是优于企业问题的解决者

魏文王问名医扁鹊说:"你们家兄弟三人,都精于医术,到底哪一位最好呢?"

扁鹊答:"长兄最好,中兄次之,我最差。"

文王再问:"那么为什么你最出名呢?"

扁鹊答:"长兄治病,是治病于病情发作之前。由于一般人不知道他事先能铲除病因,所以他的名气无法传出去;中兄治病,是治病于病情初起时。一般人以为他只能治轻微的小病,所以他的名气只及本乡里。而我是治病于病情严重之时。一般人都看到我在经脉上穿针管放血、在皮肤上敷药等大手术,所以以为我的医术高明,名气因此响遍全国。"

管理心得:事后控制不如事中控制,事中控制不如事前控制,可惜大多数的事业经营者均未能体会到这一点,等到错误的决策造成了重大的损失才寻求弥补。而往往是即使请来了名气很大的"空降兵",结果于事无补。

去过庙的人都知道,一进庙门,首先是弥陀佛,笑脸迎客,而在他的北面,则是黑口黑脸的韦陀。但相传在很久以前,他们并不在同一个庙里,而是分别掌管不同的庙。

弥乐佛热情快乐,所以来的人非常多,但他什么都不在乎,丢三拉四,没有好好的管理账务,所以依然入不敷出。而韦陀虽然管账是一把好手,但成天阴着个脸,太过严肃,搞得人越来越少,最后香火断绝。

佛祖在查香火的时候发现了这个问题,就将他们俩放在同一个庙里,由弥乐佛负责公关,笑迎八方客,于是香火大旺。而韦陀铁面无私,锱珠必较,则让他负责财务,严格把关。在两人的分工合作中,庙里一派欣欣向荣景象。

其实在用人大师的眼里,没有废人,正如武功高手,不需名贵宝剑,摘花飞叶即可伤人,关键看如何运用。

一个人去买鹦鹉,看到一只鹦鹉前标:此鹦鹉会两门语言,售价二百元。

另一只鹦鹉前则标道:此鹦鹉会四门语言,售价四百元。

该买哪只呢?两只都毛色光鲜,非常灵活可爱。这人转啊转,拿不定主意。

结果突然发现一只老掉了牙的鹦鹉,毛色暗淡散乱,标价八百元。

这人赶紧将老板叫来:这只鹦鹉是不是会说八门语言?店主说:不。这人奇怪了:那为什么又老又丑,又没有能力,会值这个数呢?店主回答:因为另外两只鹦鹉叫这只鹦鹉老板。

这故事告诉我们,真正的领导人,不一定自己能力有多强,只要懂信任,懂放权,懂珍惜,就能团结比自己更强的力量,从而提升自己的身价。

相反许多能力非常强的人却因为过于完美主义,事必躬亲,什么人都不如自己,最后只能做最好的攻关人员,销售代表,成不了优秀的领导人。

一天动物园管理员发现袋鼠从笼子里跑出来了,于是开会讨论,一致认为是笼子的高度过低。所以他们决定将笼子的高度由原来的10米加高到20米。结果第二天他们发现袋鼠还是跑到外面来,所以他们又决定再将高度加高到30米。

没想到隔天居然又看到袋鼠全跑到外面,于是管理员们大为紧张,决定一不做二不休,将笼子的高度加高到100米。

一天长颈鹿和几只袋鼠们在闲聊,"你们看,这些人会不会再继续加高你们的笼子?"长颈鹿问。"很难说。"袋鼠说∶"如果他们再继续忘记关门的话!"

管理心得:事有"本末"、"轻重"、"缓急",关门是本,加高笼子是末,舍本而逐末,当然就不得要领了。管理是什么?管理就是先分析事情的主要矛盾和次要矛盾,认清事情的"本末"、"轻重"、"缓急",然后从重要的方面下手。

在一场激烈的战斗中,上尉忽然发现一架敌机向阵地俯冲下来。照常理,发现敌机俯冲时要毫不犹豫地卧倒。可上尉并没有立刻卧倒,他发现离他四五米远处有一个小战士还站在哪儿。他顾不上多想

,一个鱼跃飞身将小战士紧紧地压在了身下。此时一声巨响,飞溅起来的泥土纷纷落在他们的身上。上尉拍拍身上的尘土,回头一看,顿时惊呆了:刚才自己所处的那个位置被炸成了一个大坑。

有个渔人有着一流的 捕鱼 技术,被人们尊称为"渔王"。然而"渔王"年老的时候非常苦恼,因为他的三个儿子的渔技都很平庸。

于是个经常向人诉说心中的苦恼:"我真不明白,我捕鱼的技术这么好,我的儿子们为什么这么差?我从他们懂事起就传授捕鱼技术给他们,从最基本的东西教起,告诉他们怎样织网最容易捕捉到鱼,怎样划船最不会惊动鱼,怎样下网最容易请鱼入瓮。他们长大了,我又教他们怎样识潮汐,辨鱼汛......凡是我长年辛辛苦苦 总结 出来的 经验 ,我都毫无保留地传授给了他们,可他们的捕鱼技术竟然赶不上技术比我差的渔民的儿子!"

一位路人听了他的诉说后,问:"你一直手把手地教他们吗?"

"是的,为了让他们得到一流的捕鱼技术,我教得很仔细很耐心。"

"他们一直跟随着你吗?"

"是的,为了让他们少走弯路,我一直让他们跟着我学。"

路人说:"这样说来,你的错误就很明显了。你只传授给了他们技术,却没传授给他们教训,对于才能来说,没有教训与没有经验一样,都不能使人成大器!"

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100篇经济学人文章pdf

《每个人的经济学》百度网盘pdf最新全集下载:链接:

《经济学基础文献选读》(罗卫东(编选))电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读

链接:

书名:经济学基础文献选读

作者:罗卫东(编选)

豆瓣评分:

出版社:浙江大学出版社

出版年份:2007-11

页数:391

内容简介:

在人文社会科学领域里,无论是那些历经周折、迷途知返者,还是那些得到过高人指点、不费吹灰之力即大踏步登堂入室者,都非常清楚找到门径的重要性。这个门径就是读经典文献,读最少但确实是最重要最有用的文献。

帮助读者以最短的时间、最少的阅读量、最可靠的方式,准确地掌握学科最重要的内容,这,就是我们选编这套“人文社会科学基础文献选读”的宗旨。

本书从经济学的性质与方法,经济运行的一般机理,知识、信息和经济行为,产权与激励,收益递增与经济变迁,经济学的边界及发展趋势展望等六个关系经济学演进命脉的方面出发,选取了经济学中20余篇必读的基础文献,以为读者提供通向经济学堂奥的台阶。

作者简介:

罗卫东,哲学博士,现为浙江大学经济学院教授,博士生导师。主要研究领域为经济思想史、经济伦理学和发展经济学。在《经济研究》《中国社会科学》《学术月刊》等国内著名学术刊物上发表论文100余篇,出版《情感、秩序、美德:亚当·斯密的伦理学世界》等学术著作多部。

这期的标题是 - Together, technology and teachers can revamp schools How the science of learning can get the best out of edtech 如若教师与科技牵手,学校将因此而改变 学习该如何运用最好的教育技术 IN 1953 . Skinner visited his daughter’s maths class. The Harvard psychologist found every pupil learning the same topic in the same way at the same speed. A few days later he built his first “teaching machine”, which let children tackle questions at their own pace. By the mid-1960s similar gizmos were being flogged by door-to-door salesmen. Within a few years, though, enthusiasm for them had fizzled out. 1953年,. Skinner去参观了他女儿的数学课。这位哈佛的心理学家发现,每个学生都在以相同的方式,相同的速度学习着相同的内容。几天之后,他就打造了他的第一个“教学机器”,它可以让孩子按照自己的步调来处理问题。到了60年代中期,这种类似的小发明很是受那种上门推销的销售人员追捧。但几年之后,这种热情就渐渐地消失了 Since then education technology (edtech) has repeated the cycle of hype and flop, even as computers have reshaped almost every other part of life. One reason is the conservatism of teachers and their unions. But another is that the brain-stretching potential of edtech has remained unproven. 在那之后,即便是计算机几乎改变了我们生活里除教育之外所有的东西,教育科技也总是火一阵儿冷一阵儿。其中一个原因自然是教师以及教师公会的保守,但另一方面,教育科技对于大脑潜能开发至今也没有强力的证据。 Today, however, Skinner’s heirs are forcing the sceptics to think again (see article). Backed by billionaire techies such as Mark Zuckerberg and Bill Gates, schools around the world are using new software to “personalise” learning. This could help hundreds of millions of children stuck in dismal classes—but only if edtech boosters can resist the temptation to revive harmful ideas about how children learn. To succeed, edtech must be at the service of teaching, not the other way around. 然而今天,Skinner的继承者们正在让那些持怀疑态度的人重新看待这个问题。 受到科技界亿万富豪比如马克扎克伯格和比尔盖茨等人的影响,全球有很多学校正在用软件来个性化学习。这可以帮助亿万处于困境的学生。只要教育科技的推动者们可以抵住那些对孩子学习不利想法的诱惑。要获得成功,教育科技必须服务于教学本身,而不是反过来。 Pencils down The conventional model of schooling emerged in Prussia in the 18th century. Alternatives have so far failed to teach as many children as efficiently. Classrooms, hierarchical year-groups, standardised curriculums and fixed timetables are still the norm for most of the world’s nearly schoolchildren. 放下铅笔 传统的教育模式始于18世纪的普鲁士,迄今为止在大批量教学效率方面被证明是最好的。教室,分年级,标准化的课程,固定的课程表仍旧是当今世界15亿学生的标准模式 Too many do not reach their potential. In poor countries only a quarter of secondary schoolchildren acquire at least a basic knowledge of maths, reading and science. Even in the mostly rich countries of the OECD about 30% of teenagers fail to reach proficiency in at least one of these subjects. 有太多的学生潜能没有被开发。在贫穷国家, 只有四分之一的中学生能学到基本的数学,阅读和科学知识。即便是在经合组织最发达的国家,也有30%的年轻人在刚才这几个项目中至少有一个是弱项 That share has remained almost unchanged over the past 15 years, during which billions have been spent on IT in schools. By 2012 there was one computer for every two pupils in several rich countries. Australia had more computers than pupils. Handled poorly, devices can distract. A Portuguese study from 2010 found that schools with slow broadband and a ban on sites such as YouTube had better results than high-tech ones. 在过去十五年里,这种情况一直没有得到改变,哪怕是学校在IT上数十亿的投资也无济于事。在2012年以前,富裕国家的学生可以做到两个人用一台电脑。澳大利亚的电脑比学生都多。但使用不当的话,这些设备反而会让人分心。一项从2010年开始的葡萄牙的研究显示,网速慢或者是禁用类似youtube这种网站的学校,比那些条件更好的学校的教学效果反而要好 What matters is how edtech is used. One way it can help is through bespoke instruction. Ever since Philip II of Macedon hired Aristotle to prepare his son Alexander for Greatness, rich parents have paid for tutors. Reformers from São Paulo to Stockholm think that edtech can put individual attention within reach of all pupils. American schools are embracing the model most readily. A third of pupils are in a school district that has pledged to introduce “personalised, digital learning”. The methods of groups like Summit Public Schools, whose software was written for nothing by Facebook engineers, are being copied by hundreds of schools. 真正重要的是教育科技如何被使用。他可以帮助定制教学。自从马其顿王国的菲利普二世雇佣了亚里士多德给他儿子当老师后,富人都开始雇佣家庭教师。圣保罗到斯德哥尔摩的维新派认为,教育科技可以有办法使每一个学生都被照顾到。美国是最快开始使用这个模式的。有三分之一的学生在学校里开始使用“个性的数字化学习”。使用这个项目有Summit公校等,这些软件由Facebook的工程师义务提供,并被分发到上百个学校。 In India, where about half of children leave primary school unable to read a simple text, the curriculum goes over many pupils’ heads. “Adaptive” software such as Mindspark can work out what a child knows and pose questions accordingly. A recent paper found that Indian children using Mindspark after school made some of the largest gains in maths and reading of any education study in poor countries. 在印度,这个一半的孩子小学毕业之后做不到阅读简单课文的国家,这种课程正在开始被广泛使用。自适应软件比如Mindspark能够识别出一个孩子知道多少,从而提出相应的问题。一篇最近的论文指出,在所有贫穷国家的教育研究中,课后使用Mindspark软件的印度学生在数学和阅读方面取得了最大的进步。 The other way edtech can aid learning is by making schools more productive. In California schools are using software to overhaul the conventional model. Instead of textbooks, pupils have “playlists”, which they use to access online lessons and take tests. The software assesses children’s progress, lightening teachers’ marking load and giving them insight on their pupils. Saved teachers’ time is allocated to other tasks, such as fostering pupils’ social skills or one-on-one tuition. A study in 2015 suggested that children in early adopters of this model score better in tests than their peers at other schools. 教育科技带来的另一个好处是可以让学校更有效率。加利福尼亚的学校正在使用软件来打破传统模式。学生们不再用课本,而是用播放列表来代替。他们可以访问在线课程并且参加测验。软件会评估孩子的进度,减轻教师批改作业的负担,让他们更全面的了解学生。教师节省下来的时间可以去做其他的工作,例如培养学生的社交技能或者对他们进行一对一辅导。2015年的一项研究显示,很早开始用这种模式学习的学生比其他学校的同龄人测试成绩要好 Pay attention at the back Such innovation is welcome. But making the best of edtech means getting several things right. First, “personalised learning” must follow the evidence on how children learn. It must not be an excuse to revive pseudoscientific ideas such as “learning styles”: the theory that each child has a particular way of taking in information. Such nonsense leads to schemes like Brain Gym, an “educational kinesiology” programme once backed by the British government, which claimed that some pupils should stretch, bend and emit an “energy yawn” while doing their sums. 小心身后 这种创新当然是好的。但是最大化教育科技的优势意味着要做对很多事情。首先,个性化的学习必须符合学生学习的实际情况。他不能变成为了复兴类似“学习风格”这种伪科学的借口。这种理论认为每个孩子都有他们独特的接受讯息的方式。这种毫无意义的说法导致类似“健脑操"之类的诞生,这个运动技能学的项目居然还得到了英国政府的支持。认为有些学生做算术的应该做做拉伸,弯曲,打个哈欠之类会有帮助 A less consequential falsehood is that technology means children do not need to learn facts or learn from a teacher—instead they can just use Google. Some educationalists go further, arguing that facts get in the way of skills such as creativity and critical thinking. The opposite is true. A memory crammed with knowledge enables these talents. William Shakespeare was drilled in Latin phrases and grammatical rules and yet he penned a few decent plays. In 2015 a vast study of 1,200 education meta-analyses found that, of the 20 most effective ways of boosting learning, nearly all relied on the craft of a teacher. 有个不太重要的瞎话是说,孩子们根本不需要从事实或是老师那儿学习,他们只需要google就可以了。一些教育学家甚至宣称,事实对于类似创造性或批判性思维这样的技能反而是起到妨碍作用的。但事情恰恰相反。记忆与知识的结合才能够激发那些天赋。莎士比亚受过拉丁语和文法的训练,才写出了那样的戏剧。2015年,一项广泛的针对1200例教育数据的分析发现,20个对推动教育最有效的方式,都离不开老师在其中的精彩发挥 The second imperative is to make sure that edtech narrows, rather than widens, inequalities in education. Here there are grounds for optimism. Some of the pioneering schools are private ones in Silicon Valley. But many more are run by charter-school groups teaching mostly poor pupils, such as Rocketship and Achievement First—or Summit, where 99% of graduating pupils go on to university and laggards make the most progress relative to their peers in normal classes. A similar pattern can be observed outside America. In studies of edtech in India by J-PAL, a research group, the biggest beneficiaries are children using software to receive remedial education. 还有一件事势在必行,那就是确保教育科技会缩小,而不是放大教育的不平等现象。对此有些人持乐观态度。硅谷一些私校在这方面走在了前面。但更多的是一些教授贫困学生的特许学校,比如Rocketship and Achievement First或是 Summit。这些学校99%的毕业生都会去读大学。取得最大进步反而是那些平常落后的学生。我们可以在美国之外的地方也发现类似的事。J-PAL在印度的一项关于教育科技的研究发现,最大的受益者其实是那些用软件来进行矫正教育的孩子们 Third, the potential for edtech will be realised only if teachers embrace it. They are right to ask for evidence that products work. But scepticism should not turn into Luddism. A good model is São Paulo, where teachers have welcomed Geekie, an adaptive-software company, into public schools. 最后,只有当老师们真正开始使用教育科技时,这项技术的潜能才会被发挥出来。他们完全有理由怀疑这东西是不是真的有用。但怀疑不应该演化成对抗。一个很好的范例就是在圣保罗州,老师们都非常欢迎一家叫做Geekie的自适应软件公司在公校推广。 In 1984 Skinner called opposition to technology the “shame” of education. Given what edtech promises today, closed-mindedness has no place in the classroom. 1984年,Skinner把那些反对科技的人称作是教育的耻辱。考虑到教育科技今天的成就,固化的思想在教室这种地方,是没有立足之地的

人工智能的利与弊文章

随着现代科学技术的飞速发展,现在人工智能先进的技术在各个领域都广泛应用,是人们的生活水平大大提高,但是所有的东西都有两面性。下面由我为大家介绍人工智能的利弊英文 作文 ,希望能帮到你。人工智能的利弊 英语作文 篇一 Nowadays, with the rapid development of information technology, internet and electronic commerce have been very popular in our daily lives. For example, it is fashionable for youngsters to purchase daily essentials, such as books, clothes, electrical equipment, on some famous website, like Taobao, EBay and Alibaba, through many courier companies. As we all known, online shopping has many advantages. Firstly, online shopping is more convenient than traditional means. We can find a shop with so many goods that we may favor, while all these just need clicking our mouse and typing-in the key word of what we want to find. And it also saves our a great some of time. Secondly, more choices than real store are another attraction to customers. Online shopping can provide mass information about products which can be suit for customer's needs, tastes, and preferences. Thirdly, as without traditional warehouses and retail shops, online shopping has can make us gain lower costs and prices. However, in spite of its advantages, we can't turn a blind eye to its disadvantages. Obviously, quality problem is its first disadvantage. Customers always buy fake commodities which are not described as online shops. In addition, it's troublesome and annoying for us to make a change when they are not satisfied with what we bought online. The second disadvantage is security issues. When we shop online, we need pay for the commodities by electronic payments, but hackers can invade our computers and steal our information, this is not safe for online shopping. 人工智能的利弊英语作文篇二 When we sit in front of the television to watch the colorful programs we hand on the mouse in the computer world; when we are in the spring season with relish eatingwatermelon...... We may have thought: what brings our life change so much? Is science!Is a great strength of science and technology, changing everything around us, changed the world! With the progress of science and technology, the face of the world what has changed? Grandma said: people live longer! Developed in science, hunger and diseasehas been a threat to the enemy of human existence, countless people by disease and starvation mercilessly killed precious life. China's establishment of the new China, the average life expectancy of the population was only 35 years old. No wonder her old grandmother before talking about "life rarely live to seventy" sigh. And now, what have Iheadache and fever, to the hospital to buy some medicine to fight a few needles. So, my grandmother very happy all day long to boast of good health, what people live a hundred years is not surprising "said! Dad said: our work easier! No longer the same --face loess back into the air like a grandfather when, on the hard physical labor, on theelusive God dinner. In the use of high-tech agricultural park, arable land, sowing,harvesting and other procedures can be used to manage the computer, to complete for agricultural machinery. It makes people from heavy manual labor freed. Mother said: our life better! Before, people always worry about the problem of food and clothing. The development of science and technology, let us fill the rice bag, filled with vegetable, not only to eat, and eat well, eat more rich. Last year, my family also built two four storey building. I also have their own little world, father is still in my room to install air conditioning, warm in winter and cool in summer, I can sit comfortably An Jingjing, writingin reading story books. I want to say, I feel that the progress of science and technology,the world has become smaller! The annual Spring Festival, Zhang uncle next door tothe long-distance telephone, and as far away as Taiwan's brother call to congratulate,separated by thousands of miles of the family in the ear. You want to learn from India,along the way to travel over land and water, brave the wind and dew, experienced all kinds of hardships, had walked for several years before they reached their , fast and safe vehicle, ship, aircraft and other transportation our footprints inalmost all the places on earth. The "five one" festival, our family went to the capital Beijing! In the east of the world, our ancestors invented gunpowder, the compass,printing, papermaking, creating its own brilliant history. We are lucky to grow in a new era, science has never been so dazzlingly beautiful flowers, the road of science has never been so wide. Students, let us from an early age to develop good habit of lovescience, science, scientific spirit, and climb the heights of science, to create a beautiful home. 人工智能的利弊英语作文篇三 Artificial intelligence (ai) approach, someone worries about unemployment, some people in the future, someone in exploring business opportunities, also some people on the go. Before discussing these, maybe we should consider the outcome of human beings. One might think about this topic too exaggeration, The first recall what has happened in the history of mankind incredible things. Incredible things, the need to please a few through to decide. We please 1 was born in the 0 people born in the year of the (han dynasty) through 1600 . (Ming dynasty), although spans 1600 years, but the man may be on the lives of people around you won't feel too exaggerated, just changed a few dynasty, still facing the loess back and busy day. But if please 1 1600 British people through to 1850 in the UK, see the huge steel monsters on the water ran, this person may directly be frighten urine, this is never imagined that 250 years ago. If again please 1 1850 through to 1980, I heard that a bomb can flatten a city, this person may be directly scared silly, 130 years ago the Nobel wasn't invented dynamite. Then please 1 in 1980 people now? This person will be cry? 猜你喜欢: 1. 有关人工智能利弊的英语作文 2. 人工智能的利弊高中英语作文 3. 人工智能的利与弊英文作文 4. 人工智能的弊端英文作文 5. 对于人工智能的看法英语作文 6. 对人工智能的看法英文作文 7. 关于人工智能的影响英文作文 8. 关于人工智能利弊的分析英文

“滴滴滴”偌大的实验室中,一位科学家正全神贯注得对着冰冷的机器计算,这位伟大的科学家立志要在如今这个人工智能高度发达的时代,研发出最伟大的人工智能。 “呼”长吁一口气,完成一天的工作后,科学家躺在沙发上,享受着机器人的按摩,渐渐进入了梦中。不知睡了多久,科学家徐徐起来,揉了揉隐隐作痛的头,这位科学家总算决定放松一下,便换了一身行头,无所事事地漫步在街头。 大街上,四周的建筑很干净,毒辣的阳光照在地上,显得格外刺眼。城市的上空一只鸟也没有,显得死气沉沉,科学家有点受不了这样压抑的气氛,便转身走进了一家餐厅。餐厅也很干净,周围的人们有说有笑,大厅中央的机器人一直保持着人性化的微笑,尽管显得有些僵硬。但不得不说,这里的环境真的很好——端菜的机器人在给你上菜之后还会有礼貌的鞠个躬;地上如果弄脏了很快就会有机器人打扫,甚至连你走路的时候又能听到一个声音一字一顿地提醒您:“小——心——路——滑.”如此贴心的服务,这么高的效率,不久之后这个世界的人们应该都能享受到如此优越的生活条件,科学家这样想这,嘴角都不知不觉得翘了起来。 正当科学家惬意的享受这个美好的时刻时,外面一个看上去瘦弱的身影引起了他的注意。一位衣衫有点脏乱的青年正熟练地翻着装食物残渣的桶。这位科学家有点纳闷,这么年轻的人是遇到了什么困难才沦落到这地步,好奇心驱使这科学家跟着这位青年来到他,不,应该是他们的住处,阴暗的空间中摆放着各种各样的生活用品,墙角还有几张蜘蛛网,空气中弥漫着腐败的气味,这让科学家皱了皱眉。而这时,屋里的人十分好奇的望着这个不请自来的客人,最终还是屋子的主人们率先打破了这种沉默,说:“你也是难民吗?“ ”难民?“对于这个名词,在科学家的记忆中,这是只属于很久很久以前的词,对于现在这个高科技的社会,还会有难民? ”恩,到我们这儿的全是被i被机器人那些人工智能淘汰的人,我以前在一家餐厅当服务员,结果被机器人淘汰了,后来每一行都有机器人工作,我和许多人都失去了工作, 也没有收入。“说到这,那人的脸上也露出黯然的神情。 一位中年人补充道:”我曾经是一个老板,后来将自己的财物交给人工智能管理,最后不知怎么,人工智能失去了控制,让我最后破产...? ...... 听到了这些,科学家许久无言,独自离开了 站在原地,一动不动地站在原地,双眼有些茫然地眺望远处,这一刻,他对未来和自己的梦想开始迷茫起来:自己还要继续下去吗?自己对人工智能的研究究竟能给多少人带来好处?给多少人带来厄运?不受人类控制的智能最终是会给人来带来毁灭还是新生

围棋博弈的人机大战,以机器的获胜而落下帷幕,而人工智能的利弊,再度引发了争议,有关人工智能利弊分析的作文。但我想的更多的是,科技背后的那份渐行渐远的人文情怀。围棋对弈,被列为琴棋书画四大雅事之一。而今,当人类与一个冰冷的机器,只争技术的优劣,只论智商的高下时,那份弈棋时的淡泊宁静的心境,那份“闲敲棋子落灯花”的情怀,又该置于何地?科技的发达,让通讯变得便捷,于是,当下的我们很少再能写出“多情自古伤离别”的优美诗句,很少能体会“家书抵万金”的情谊万钧。科技的进步,让农耕变得机械化,于是,当下的我们很少能吟诵出“带月荷锄归”的悠闲辞章,很少能感受“汗滴禾下土”的辛劳苦楚。科技的演变,让社交变得多元,于是,当下的我们很少再能唱出“对影成三人”的独处情怀,很少能理解“执子之手,与子偕老”的至情专一。正如木心先生所说:“从前的日色变得慢,车、马、邮件都慢,一生只够爱一个人。”科技带给我们便利、快捷的同时,也将我们原本质朴、美好的那份生活味道、人文的情怀稀释很多!

经济学人文章精选100篇

这篇文章有几个非常有意思的句子和表达,我贴出来,大家一起赏析一下: 佳句篇:   Sentence 1. He helped popularise the idea that some diseases not previously thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which ruffled many scientific feathers when it was first suggested. 解析: Ruffle弄皱的意思 Ruffle one’s feathers惹怒(想想逆毛流撸猫) The idea that ...用的是同位语从句,不太多,常用搭配是the evidence that,the concept that 等。That后从句解释idea, concept或evidence等。 Which的指代问题。Which指代的不是上文任何一个出现的单词或词组,而是Dr. Cochran的这波操作。Sentence 2. Ashkenazim generally do well in IQ tests, scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of Freud, Einstein and Mahler, pictured above, affirm. disproportionately不成比例地 主干and复合句+非谓语动词scoring+as引导的从句(插入后置定语) 每个部分都不难,集合到一起就对理解产生障碍了。Sentence 3. But in the Middle Ages, success in Christian society tended to be violently aristocratic (warfare and land), rather than peacefully meritocratic (banking and trade). 这个句子不难,为什么拿出来是因为这个violently的用法。简单来讲,这一个单词乍一看是作aristocratic的副词,实则在翻译(以及理解)当中,我们必须单独翻译成一个实意的成分,而且作副词处理。 Aristocratic贵族统治 Meritocratic德治Sentence 4. That small, reproductively isolated groups of people are susceptible to genetic disease is well known. 主语从句,注意 5. Most of the dozen or so disease genes that are common in them belong to one of two types: they are involved either in the storage in nerve cells of special fats called sphingolipids, which form part of the insulating outer sheaths that allow nerve cells to transmit electrical signals, or in DNA repair. 典型长句,如何解析? Most of the dozen or so  disease genes that are common in them  belong to one of two types: Or so大约 斜体作的是disease genes they are involved either in the storage in nerve cells of special fats called sphingolipids, which form part of the insulating outer sheaths that allow nerve cells to transmit electrical signals, or in DNA repair. either or后面是两个in... 第一个in后面的which form part of the insulating outer sheaths解释的是Sphingolipids that allow nerve cells to transmit electrical signals解释的是sheaths。 也就是说,(非限制性)定语从句后面紧接另一个定语从句。 第二个in后面很简单,但!!!文章最后一段有解释,对于 文章结构 至关重要。Sentence 6&7. Thus, the theory goes, the pressure  to keep the sickle-cell gene in the population because of its malaria-protective effects balances the pressure  to drive it out because of its anaemia-causing effects. It therefore persists without becoming ubiquitous. 两句话放一起。 主干已加黑。很有意思的句子,工整、对仗,而又解释非常清楚。 下一句,persist和ubiquitous用词极其精准,整句话像外科手术般,精准简练。作者还是怕读者一下子没读懂,用简单而又高效的句子总结下。写作手法很老练高超,字字玑珠,像极了宝马M3。Sentence 8. Genes that promote intelligence in an individual when present as a single copy create disease when present as a double copy. 乍一看没什么稀奇,再一看,把一个comparison分别放在了主语和谓语的修饰成分中,可谓老辣。 作何解? That promote intelligence对genes做了一个限定,指的是genes的其中一种特征,然后用when说明了适用情况。 Create谓语的主语也是genes,但这时候是没有限定的genes。Create disease做的是限定,其实对应的是promote intelligence。后面同样用一个when来说明范围。 简单来讲,genes的含义做了一个缩小和限定,又在create的时候恢复了genes的双重功能含义。 Promote intelligence和create diseases一个对应,尽管成分差别很大。 两个when的对比。 可谓神句。Sentence 9. An Israeli clinic devoted to treating people with Gaucher's has vastly more engineers, scientists, accountants and lawyers on its books than would be expected by chance. Than (what) would be expected by chance. 省略了what。。。你能理解吗? 还有这个books,这个同语境关联强烈。好的表达: 1. ruffle one’s feather 2. Tremble at the thought 3. Affirm作不及物动词(Ashkenazim generally do well in IQ tests, scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of Freud, Einstein and Mahler, pictured above, affirm. ) 4. aristocratic . meritocratic 5. Exact a price类似用法 exert influence附原文及翻译: Natural genius? 天生我才? The high intelligence of Ashkenazi Jews may be a result of their persecuted past 德系犹太人的高智商或许是因为曾经遭受迫害的后果 THE idea that some ethnic groups may, on average, be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran, a noted scientific iconoclast, is prepared to say it anyway. He is that rare bird, a scientist who works independently of any institution. He helped popularise the idea that some diseases not previously thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which ruffled many scientific feathers when it was first suggested. And more controversially still, he has suggested that homosexuality is caused by an infection. 某些少数民族的平均智商高于其他民族这一说法,是很多不敢公开的假设之一。不过著名的科学狂人Gregory Cochran 决意要做第一个吃螃蟹的人。他很特别,总是独立工作而不属于任何机构。某些曾被诊断并非病菌引起的疾病,其实病源来自传染病。这一观点因他的推动受到了关注。此观点一经提出,就受到了许多科学家的反对。这还不算,更具争议的是,他认为同性恋也是由传染病引起的。 Even he, however, might tremble at the thought of what he is about to do. Together with Jason Hardy and Henry Harpending, of the University of Utah, he is publishing, in a forthcoming edition of the Journal of Biosocial Science, a paper which not only suggests that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in question are Ashkenazi Jews. The process is natural selection. 然而就算是Cochran,也为自己接下来要做的事捏了一把汗。他准备同Utah大学的Jason Hardy与Henry Harpending一同,在最新一期的《生物社会科学杂志发表一篇论文,文中不仅提出了某一少数民族比其他民族更聪明这一观点,还解释了这一结果产生的过程。文中两大主角就是德系犹太人和自然选择。 History before science 不管是否科学,先来看看历史 Ashkenazim generally do well in IQ tests, scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of Freud, Einstein and Mahler, pictured above, affirm. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as Tay-Sachs and breast cancer. These facts, however, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been put down to social effects, such as a strong tradition of valuing education. The latter was seen as a consequence of genetic isolation. Even now, Ashkenazim tend to marry among themselves. In the past they did so almost exclusively. 德系犹太人不仅在IQ测试上表现不俗,正常人一般在100分左右,而他们大多都能得个112-115分,而且虽然人数不多,但他们在欧洲知识、文化生活中的地位却举足轻重。想想弗洛伊德、爱因斯坦、马勒,我们就会点头称是了。但同时,他们中患有如泰-萨克斯病、乳腺癌这类严重的遗传疾病的比率明显高于其他种族。这些事实,最初被人们认为是毫无联系的。前者被说成是社会原因引起的,如浓烈的价值观教育的传统;后者则被说成是基因隔离的结果,不过即使是现在,德系犹太人还是愿意同本族人结婚,在过去,就更是如此了。 Dr Cochran, however, suspects that the intelligence and the diseases are intimately linked. His argument is that the unusual history of the Ashkenazim has subjected them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this paradoxical state of affairs. 但Cochran博士对以上两点表示质疑,并认为德系犹太人的天赋异禀与痛病缠身联系密切。他认为正是异常的历史环境强加给了德系犹太人独有的进化压力,才导致了这些看似奇怪的现象。 Ashkenazi history begins with the Jewish rebellion against Roman rule in the first century AD. When this was crushed, Jewish refugees fled in all directions. The descendants of those who fled to Europe became known as Ashkenazim. 德系犹太人的历史源于公元1世纪。犹太人在反对罗马人的统治失败后,犹太难民四散而逃,逃亡欧洲的犹太后裔就是如今的德系犹太人。 In the Middle Ages, European Jews were subjected to legal discrimination, one effect of which was to drive them into money-related professions such as banking and tax farming which were often disdained by, or forbidden to, Christians. This, along with the low level of intermarriage with their gentile neighbours (which modern genetic analysis confirms was the case), is Dr Cochran's starting point. 在中世纪,欧洲的犹太人在法律上地位很不平等,结果之一就是他们不得不从事与金钱相关的职业,如被人看不起或不准基督徒涉足的银行或征税工作,此外,他们只能与邻居中社会地位较低的非犹太人通婚(这种状况通过现代基因学分析得到了证实)。上述就是Cochran 博士论文的起点。 He argues that the professions occupied by European Jews were all ones that put a premium on intelligence. Of course, it is hard to prove that this intelligence premium existed in the Middle Ages, but it is certainly true that it exists in the modern versions of those occupations. Several studies have shown that intelligence, as measured by IQ tests, is highly correlated with income in jobs such as banking. 他认为欧洲犹太人从事的职业都是些需要一定智商的职业,虽不能证明这些职业在中世纪时就是这样了,但在当代它们确实如此。一些研究表明,智力水平(按智力测试的标准来算)与工资水平(如那些从事银行工作的人)联系密切。 What can, however, be shown from the historical records is that European Jews at the top of their professions in the Middle Ages raised more children to adulthood than those at the bottom. Of course, that was true of successful gentiles as well. But in the Middle Ages, success in Christian society tended to be violently aristocratic (warfare and land), rather than peacefully meritocratic (banking and trade). 这些历史记录证明了,那些在欧洲工作地位较高的犹太家庭子女存活率要高于那些地位较低的犹太家庭。情况对于那些其他种族的也是一样的。但在中世纪,基督教社会中所谓的成功多是贵族通过战争与土地强争豪取,而非通过量才而用(如从事银行或贸易工作)和平地获得。 Put these two things together—a correlation of intelligence and success, and a correlation of success and fecundity—and you have circumstances that favour the spread of genes that enhance intelligence. The questions are, do such genes exist, and what are they if they do? Dr Cochran thinks they do exist, and that they are exactly the genes that cause the inherited diseases which afflict Ashkenazi society. 把智力与成功的关联以及成功与生殖力的关系合二为一,你就具备了有利于智商提高的基因传播的条件。问题是这种智商基因确实存在吗?假如它果真存在的话,那究竟是什么呢?科克伦博士认为它们的确存在,而且正是那种引起折磨德系犹太人遗传疾病的基因。 That small, reproductively isolated groups of people are susceptible to genetic disease is well known. Constant mating with even distant relatives reduces genetic diversity, and some disease genes will thus, randomly, become more common. But the very randomness of this process means there should be no discernible pattern about which disease genes increase in frequency. In the case of Ashkenazim, Dr Cochran argues, this is not the case. Most of the dozen or so disease genes that are common in them belong to one of two types: they are involved either in the storage in nerve cells of special fats called sphingolipids, which form part of the insulating outer sheaths that allow nerve cells to transmit electrical signals, or in DNA repair. The former genes cause neurological diseases, such as Tay- Sachs, Gaucher's and Niemann-Pick. The latter cause cancer. 众所周知,越是人口稀少并且生育范围狭小的种族就越易患遗传疾病。总是于同族人通婚,就算不是近亲,也会较少遗传的多样性,同时也会使某些致病基因没有规律地在该种族内部泛滥起来。而这种无规律性意味着人们不知道何类致病基因会被大量传播。但对德系犹太人来说,Cochran 医生指出,情况却并非如此。他们当中最常见的十几种疾病基因基本上可以归结于两类:一类参与神经细胞中鞘脂类特殊脂肪)的储存。鞘脂组成一部分绝缘外层鞘,允许神经细胞发射电子信号。另一类参与DNA 的修复。前者基因会引发神经性疾病,如泰萨二氏病、脑苷脂沉积病和神经鞘磷脂沉积病;而后者会导致癌症。 That does not look random. And what is even less random is that in several cases the genes for particular diseases come in different varieties, each the result of an independent original mutation. This really does suggest the mutated genes are being preserved by natural selection. But it does not answer the question of how evolution can favour genetic diseases. However, in certain circumstances, evolution can. 上述看起来并非毫无规律。而且更趋于规律的表现就是,在一些病例中,特殊疾病的致病基因来自于不同的变体,而每个变体都是独立的原基因变异的结果。这就印证了变异基因是自然选择保留下来的结果,可它却不能回答自然选择为什么会成了遗传疾病的帮凶,但在一些特殊的条件下,进化能够产生这样的结果。 West Africans, and people of West African descent, are susceptible to a disease called sickle-cell anaemia that is virtually unknown elsewhere. The anaemia develops in those whose red blood cells contain a particular type of haemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen. But the disease occurs only in those who have two copies of the gene for the disease-causing haemoglobin (one copy from each parent). Those who have only one copy have no symptoms. They are, however, protected against malaria, one of the biggest killers in that part of the world. Thus, the theory goes, the pressure to keep the sickle-cell gene in the population because of its malaria-protective effects balances the pressure to drive it out because of its anaemia-causing effects. It therefore persists without becoming ubiquitous. 如西非人以及他们的后代易患一种叫做镰状细胞性贫血的疾病,这种病在西非之外几乎都没人听说过。贫血症发于那些红血球中含有一种特殊的血红蛋白,其蛋白质中含有氧气的人。但这种镰状细胞性贫血症只会发生在同时有两组这种致病的血红蛋白(父母都有这种血红蛋白)的人身上。而那些只有一组的人不但不会患这种贫血症,也不会患疟疾,该病被称为非洲的头号杀手。因此,我们可以这样说,抵御疟疾的特性使得镰状细胞在得以人体中存活下来,同时这种细胞导致贫血症的特性也会被人体排斥,只有在为保持这两种状态而产生的压力达到平衡时,才不会有任何一个特性占据上风。 Dr Cochran argues that something similar happened to the Ashkenazim. Genes that promote intelligence in an individual when present as a single copy create disease when present as a double copy. His thesis is not as strong as the sickle-cell/malaria theory, because he has not proved that any of his disease genes do actually affect intelligence. But the area of operation of some of them suggests that they might. Cochran博士认为,德系犹太人也面临着同样的情况,他们的某些基因如果以单组出现就可以提高智力,一旦以双组出现就会引起疾病。显然,该理论并不如他的镰状细胞/疟疾理论那样具有说服力,因为他尚未证明任何一种致病基因确实能够影响智力,但是某些基因的活动区域显示它们或许真能影响智力。 The sphingolipid-storage diseases, Tay-Sachs, Gaucher's and Niemann-Pick, all involve extra growth and branching of the protuberances that connect nerve cells together. Too much of this (as caused in those with double copies) is clearly pathological. But it may be that those with single copies experience a more limited, but still enhanced, protuberance growth. That would yield better linkage between brain cells, and might thus lead to increased intelligence. Indeed, in the case of Gaucher's disease, the only one of the three in which people routinely live to adulthood, there is evidence that those with full symptoms are more intelligent than the average. An Israeli clinic devoted to treating people with Gaucher's has vastly more engineers, scientists, accountants and lawyers on its books than would be expected by chance. 鞘脂储存类疾病,如泰萨二氏病、脑苷脂沉积病和神经鞘磷脂沉积病,都涉及到连接神经细胞的凸起的多余生长和分叉。显然,这种生长和分叉太多的话就会引起疾病。但是,也有可能,仅有单份致病基因的人会出现比较有限的、但仍然加强了的凸起生长。这将有助于加强脑细胞之间的连接,或许因此导致智力提高。实际上,在脑苷脂沉积病的例子中,在三分之一能够活到成年的患者中,确实有证据表明完全发病的人拥有高于平均值的智商。根据一家专门治疗脑苷脂沉积病的以色列诊所的医疗记录,患者中的工程师、科学家、会计和律师的比例多于常人。 Why a failure of the DNA-repair system should boost intelligence is unclear—and is, perhaps, the weakest part of the thesis, although evidence is emerging that one of the genes in question is involved in regulating the early growth of the brain. But the thesis also has a strong point: it makes a clear and testable prediction. This is that people with a single copy of the gene for Tay-Sachs, or that for Gaucher's, or that for Niemann-Pick should be more intelligent than average. Dr Cochran and his colleagues predict they will be so by about five IQ points. If that turns out to be the case, it will strengthen the idea that, albeit unwillingly, Ashkenazi Jews have been part of an accidental experiment in eugenics. It has brought them some advantages. But, like the deliberate eugenics experiments of the 20th century, it has also exacted a terrible price. 为什么基因修复系统失灵会提高智力,现在还不清楚原因何在。虽然,陆续有证据表明产生问题的基因之一参与了调节大脑的早期发育,但是这仍是该论题最薄弱的环节。不过,该理论也有令人信服的地方:它对于拥有单份泰萨二氏病或脑苷脂沉积病或神经鞘磷脂沉积病基因的人会比普通人更聪明做出了明确而可检验的预测。Cochran 博士和他的同事认为,这些人的智商因此会比平均水平高出5 个点。尽管有人不愿接受,假如确实如此的话,它将有力地证明,德系犹太人在不经意间经历了优生实验,而这为他们带来了智商上的优势。但是,如同发生在20 世纪的人为的优生实验一样,它同样让他们付出了可怕的代价。

今晚听Justin解读《经济学人》的各个板块,让我既梳理了自己的阅读偏好,又有了新的收获和目标。 一. 我的喜好 1. China 板块的 Chaguan 专栏 茶馆专栏的内容几乎是我拿到每期经济学人后会第一篇阅读的文章,因为话题本身就既有意思又接地气。读读“老外”如何看待中国的热点,总让我觉得新奇又好玩。 2. Business 板块的 Bartleby 专栏 我一直对职场类话题很感兴趣,所以 Bartleby 专栏一出来,我就眼睛一亮。我知道中外职场既有共性,又存在明显的差异。更重要的,读读这些文章,也许还可以避免我们无知地踏进职场的“坑”里。 3. Letters 原先我并没有注意到这个“不起眼”的板块,直到上个月读到Justin的公众号文章—— 这可能是《经济学人》最好玩儿的板块 ——我才开始关注这些读者信件。有的读者来信会让我眼睛一亮,尤其是信中的观点与我阅读某篇文章时的想法不谋而合,或是他们的想法让我陷入思考的时候,我都会觉得很有意思。 二. 部分解读 1. The world this week 一周要闻包括三部分: 我可以好好利用碎片时间来读一读这个版块。 2. Briefing 深度长文、专题(单篇篇幅最长的板块,将Leaders里的一篇充分展开) 3. Essay 随笔(不定期出的有大量论证的长文) 4. Technology Quarterly 科技季刊 (夹在杂志中,由6-8篇文章组成,对某一话题作深度探讨) 5. Business 是唯一一个有两个专栏的板块 三. 课程总结 1. 从兴趣出发来阅读,不要被别人牵着鼻子走。 2. 刚开始读《经济学人》,坚持读一个板块就好。 3. 按需阅读,每个版块对应不同的学习目标。 四. 学习表达 1. survey 总览 2. paraphrase 意译、改述 3. nomenclature 命名 4. dumb down: make sth. more accessible and comprehensible

《经济学人》中有这样一句话:Yet the idea of sector-by-sector membership is problematic. The EU has made plain its dislike of cherry-picking.其中,...has made plain its dislike of... 就是一个值得模仿的表达,它的含义是“……已经表明不喜欢……”。可以造几个句子:a) Many CEOs in top American companies made plain their dislike of Donald Trump before the presidential election, and that has put them in a dilemma as Trump makes his way to the White ) In preserving natural resources, most ecologists have made plain their dislike of disposable ) China has made plain its dislike of a trade war with America, for it will damage the interests of both countries.通过这样的形式进行思维发散,加深对所学表达的理解和记忆。在接下来的几个例子里面我也会演示如何造句:下面的句子出自经济学人关于日本和俄罗斯领导人会谈的报道:Two men in a tubAmong the possible enticements for Russia is the revival of a mothballed proposal to build a $ gas pipeline between Russia’s Sakhalin Island and Tokyo. Japan is also dangling billions in soft loans for the development of Russia’s impoverished Far East, as well as a boost to private investment. 日本与俄罗斯(苏联)在二战后出现了北方四岛争端(目前北方四岛被俄罗斯占领)。最近日本首相安倍晋三邀请普京访问日本,其中一个重要议题就是解决领土争端问题。作为交换,日本可能会提供给俄罗斯经济利益,包括天然气管道合约以及贷款等。作者在写日本给俄罗斯提供好处时用了一个词:dangle.这个词用得很形象,放在句子中给人的感觉是日本像财大气粗的土豪,手里挥舞着巨额钞票引诱俄罗斯接受。dangling 一词也与前面的 enticements 形成呼应。在实际写作中,我们可以使用 dangle 来表达“(为了吸引某人而)提供(优厚条件)”的含义,例如:a) Many parents have tried dangling all sorts of offers such as pocket money, toys and opportunities to go to amusement parks in front of their children in an attempt to get them study ) Plenty of IT startups in China are dangling a handsome pay package before prospective employees to lure the best 下面的段落节选来自文章 Changing track: Britain’s wheezing railways are set for a shake-up, 文章的背景是应该英国政府希望给予铁路公司更多自主权,能让他们帮忙维护和升级英国的铁路系统。Since privatisation, the distance travelled by passengers has doubled, but the amount of track has remained the same (see chart). That means that builders updating Victorian tracks and stations to 21st-century standards have to do so alongside crowds of passengers. Doing essential work while the network continues in full operation is like performing “open heart surgery on a marathon runner”, as one rail minister put it.英国的铁路系统在私营化之后,旅客流量大增,但旧有的铁路系统逐渐力不从心。在升级维多利亚时代铁路系统的同时还要保证旅客能正常出行,这无疑是一件很困难的事情,对此文中出现了一个很精妙的比喻:open heart surgery on a marathon runner, 在跑马拉松的人身上同时进行心脏手术——一项几乎不可能完成的任务。由此让人直观感受到升级铁路系统的难度之大。下面的段落选自文章 Rent extraction: The end of the £75 pet-licence, 文章的背景是英国政府在酝酿法案禁止房屋中介向租客收取费用。Philip Hammond pulled no rabbits from his fiscal hat when he delivered his Autumn Statement on November 23rd. But he did offer up a carrot, when he recycled an old Labour proposal to ban the fees that property-letting agents can charge tenants.菲利普·哈蒙德在11月23日的秋季预算报告中没有提出什么令人惊喜的方案,但他重提了一项旨在禁止房屋租赁中介向租客收取费用的旧工党议案,这的确是一个诱惑。文章开头的两个句子写得很有意思,短短一个句子里面用了两处习语,一处是 pulled no rabbits from his fiscal hat, 另一处是 no rabbits from his fiscal hat 来自习语 pull a rabbit out of a hat, 就像魔术师从帽子中变出小白兔一样,它的含义是“突然提出解决方法;突施妙计”。carrot 则来自短语 carrot and stick, 即我们常说的“胡萝卜加大棒(把承诺的奖赏与威胁性的惩罚结合在一起的软硬兼施的做法)”,carrot 在语境中的含义是“诱惑,奖励”。 下面的段落来自文章 Out of the doghouse, 文章介绍了目前随着共享经济而兴起的为宠物狗提供犬舍的共享服务。文中很多地方用词很有特色,例如:Now a pack of startups has sniffed a fresh opportunity. Much as Airbnb has offered travellers an alternative to staying in a hotel, two firms, Rover and DogVacay, want to give pet owners an alternative to kennels when away from home.创业公司嗅到了为外出的宠物狗提供犬舍服务的商机,这里不是写 find/get/seize/grasp a fresh opportunity, 而是使用了一个与文章主题非常贴切的词 sniff(如同宠物狗一般嗅到了机会), 这样用词无疑更加具有感染力。在文末也可以找到另外一个例子:Despite having anticipated the trend early, such firms may never achieve the same scale as an Airbnb. But then no one ever said it was easy to be top dog.文末用 top dog 来指代这些创业公司中的佼佼者,这也与文章主题形成呼应。在写问题解决类话题时我们经常会碰到这样的表达:……导致了……问题,对于这类情形,可以参考下面两个句式:Two long-standing structural problems are largely to blame: understaffing and overcrowding.句式基本结构为:...are largely to blame...,例如在关于健康的话题里面,我们可以写:As to rising obesity rate, two factors are to blame: too much exposure to fast food and sedentary lifestyles. The proliferation of fast-food chains offers a great variety of quick meals that are high in salt and calories, and having such foods contributes to people's bulging waistline. Desk-bound work also does its bit. As office workers spend long hours sitting in front of computer screens and are constantly stressed by deadlines and work challenges, they seldom have time for physical exercise, and this could lead to the accumulation of fatty substances in blood vessels.这里还有另外一个句型:The obvious culprit for rising prices is the 15% drop in sterling since June. Britain imports nearly all of its clothes, and month-on-month inflation in clothing now exceeds 5%. 句式的基本结构是:The obvious culprit for...is...  其中 culprit 是一个很好用的词,它的本义是“过失者,责任人”,可以引申为“问题的起因”。举个例子,关于犯罪与法律的话题可以说:The obvious culprit for rising crime rate in large cities is economic recession. As economic climate deteriorates, many companies have to scale down their workforce to save costs, and it is young people who bear the brunt of unemployment. In the face of this, some youngsters may turn to crime such as burglary, kidnapping and drug trafficking, the effects of which could destabilize the economy further.

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