在日复一日的学习、工作或生活中，大家总少不了接触作文吧，作文是人们把记忆中所存储的有关知识、经验和思想用书面形式表达出来的记叙方式。那要怎么写好作文呢？以下是我精心整理的初中英语作文，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的.朋友。
As we all know, nowadays, more and more students admire idols. In our school, there are also many students who admire idols. Some of them like TF Boys, or some of them are fans for Jay Chou. Almost everyone has their own idols that they we should think how to admire our idols properly. As far as I know, some students like listening to their idols' songs, some students discuss the movies they like in the classroom, in the school, at home and everywhere. And some students buy the idols pictures, they spend much money buying the idols posters. Also, some students search the Internet to learn about their idols as soon as they get home. They even forget to do their homework. They spend too much time and money. They dont often work hard any more and fail the exams. They even buy the clothes which their idols wear. Because they think they're you think these are right? I think they arent. Although it is not wrong to admire idols. But we should admire them properly, shouldnt we ?I think we shouldnt let our studies be influenced. We should learn the advantages of a word, do not lose ourselves. Because we are unique and we can only become ourselves. We should just do ourselves best, we must believe ourselves so that we can achieve our dreams.
On New Year's Eve，our class had a party. The atmosphere was good. It was out of the ordinary from the very begining. The boy student from one bedroom gave an unusual performance. We saw a boy named Li Xinmin turn off all the lights in a sudden snap. Then with three resounding crow of a cock echoing in the hall，the hall was again brightly lit in a snap.
Then，the representative of the bedroom Zhu Guozhang asked us to guess a line of a poem related to the above situation. He added that Li Xinmin alone was born in the year of the dog and the other three were all born in the year of the chicken. They left us all in confusion. And it was our monitor who was quickwitted. He shouted our"The day breaks as the cock crows three times at dawn." The hall After that，they had another item. This time Li Xinmin was placed in the middle of the circle. While he was standing there，the other three stood around him，each bowing down to him at an angle of 120 degrees. It was an idiom. This time I got it right:"The dog stands out among a group of chickens."
星期天我不用去上学。前天我完成了作业，于是我决定帮妈妈做家务。我起床后洗了几件衣服，然后我拿着篮子去购物。我在市场上买了一些肉、鸡蛋和蔬菜。回来后，我开始为全家人做饭。晚上，我坐在桌旁开始在笔记本上记下我一天所干的事。
It was Sunday and I didn t have to go to school. I finished my homework the day before. So I decided to help mother do housework. I washed some clothes after I got up. Then I went shopping with a basket. I bought some meat, eggs and some vegetables in the market. After I came back, I started to cook dinner for the whole family. In the evening, I sat at the table and began to write down on my notebook what I had done during the day.
天已黄昏，太阳就要落山了。天空正在慢慢变暗，正在下山的太阳给大地洒下一片金色的余辉。不仅是天空和水面，就连我自己也变成金黄色的了。有几只白色的小鸟自由自在地飞翔在水面上，柳枝儿随着微风翩翩起舞。很快，太阳就隐藏在厚厚的云层里了。可我依然看得清日落后的迷人景象，它将永远留在我的脑海里。我爱日落。
Dusk is coming. It s time for the sunset. Look, the sky is getting dim gradually. The setting sun is covering the earth with golden rays. Not only the sky and water surface but also I myseff am turning into golden yellow. Several white birds are flying freely above the water. Willows are dancing in the breeze gracefully. Soon, the sun has buried itself in the thick clouds. But I still can see the beautiful scene in the sunset. It will be always in my mind. I love sunset.
My best friend is xx. He is 15 years old. We are both in the same class. He works very hard. He is never late for school and he does well in all his lessons.
He is always ready to help others. My math is very poor, so he often helps me with my math after class. His parents are both teachers. They are very busy, so he often helps do the housework at home. He is a little shorter than me but he is very strong.
He likes playing football very much at school. We often play football together and he plays it pretty well, He gets on well with us, everyone in our class likes him.
Basketball is my favorate sports. Different people love differentsports,and in the GAME, the ethletic according to his or her talent take part inthe different games. But , for me i love basketball so much!
First, basketball game is a team game,so every body have to support andcoporation together that can finish this game well.
second, basketball game is a way for relax. it's good for body and good formind too.
fanilly,it's a good exercise to everybody, it is good to our health.
In all ，basketball game is my favorate sports.
The definition of happiness always causes the public's attention. Somepeople believe that making a lot of money and earning great reputation are thestandard to define success, while some people think that spending more time withtheir families deserves all the things and it is their bliss. In my opinion, themeaning of happiness varies according to different people, but there is onething in common, which is their positive attitude to life. I am so lucky to bornin a happy family, and my parents give me all their love. Though we areordinary, I am so satisfy with my life now. I cherish the thing I have.
Yesterday was my birthday. I had a meaningful and unforgettable day which I've never had.
In the morning, I got up early and did everything really fast. At 7:00 am, I left for the Children's hospital with excitement. Holding some small presents in my hands, I walked into the ward to meet the sick children. They were really happy when I got into the room. Laughter surrounded the room and there were big smiles on the children's faces. We chatted and joked, and sang songs together.
Time flew, and it was time to say goodbye. the children were a little sad, and I even saw tears in their eyes. But they were glad that we had a really happy time.
Although I didn't go to the amusement park to enjoy my birthday as usual, I had a really unforgettable day. Because of my visit, the children were happy, so I was happy. I would always remember the faces of the children forever.
The person I want to thank is my English teacher. She is about forty years old. She is tall and thin with long black curly hair. As for a teacher, she loves teaching and teaches us with patience. You can always see a big smile on her face.
Her class is really interesting and useful. She teaches us not only much knowledge but also many skills on how to learn English well. These skills even can help us with other subjects. All of my classmates love her lessons. When we make mistakes, she is very strict with us, but she doesn't scold us. She often encourages us not to lose heart and treat us as her own child. With her help, I made some big progress in English last term.
She is also a really kind teacher. When someone has some problems, she will help him. when someone is ill, she takes good care of him. After class, she is easygoing. We all get on well with her, so we often play games with her and make fun of her.
We all know our grades can cheer her up, so we must work hard in order that our teacher can smile every day.
As citizens of the world, we must take some actions to protect our planet. Maybe we can start with the small things in our daily life. First, we should train ourselves to from the habit of saving the water and paper as well as turning off the lights when we leave the room. In addition, walking to school or to work instead of taking the bus can also reduce the waste gases. Apart from that, we also have the duty to spread the ideas of protecting the environment. We can call on the public to plant trees and stop the factories from pouring the dirty water into the rivers. You know, the more people join us, the more things can be done, so that the better our environment will be.
However, nothing will change if we just think but don't do it. So, hurry up. Let's do our best to save our planet.
But is there nothing to do to save the earth? The answer is obviously no. Actually there are several methods we can take to make our environment better. First, the government should prevent factories from pouring dirty water into the river. Second, we'd better plant more trees. It's not only a way to make our city look more beautiful, but also a good choice to improve the environment. Third, we are supposed to ride buses or bikes rather than use cars when we go out. And finally, form the habit of saving energy. Always remember to turn off the lights when you leave the room and try to use less water in your daily life.
We have to know, the earth is our own home and also our only home. Now our home is suffering from a terrible disaster, can we just stand there and watch it happen?
请以Make(s) Me So Happy为题写一篇英语短文。
Social Work Makes Me So Happy
Why so many young people are not happy in modern society?But even so ,you can find many merry things if you like to.
I join aa much as social work as I is a good method to widen my vision and enlarge my social circle and close the realationship between the old and the also improve the capability of social of all,I can feel great pleasure.
Helping other people is a kind of can purify my soul and built up my spirit,and also I can get much understanding when I pay my kindness to others.
初中英语作文篇2
微笑，是人们用以表达内心喜悦的一种方式，它可给人以欢欣，给人以安慰，是自我感情的抒发，是对他人表示关爱，是爱心的奉献。微笑可以给人激励，给人奋进，它能使绝望者重新燃起期望之火，是失意者重新引起自信的风帆。请以Learn to smile为题，用英语写一篇短文。
注意：词左右
2.不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥，使短文连贯、通畅;文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。
Learn to smile(Don’t forget to smile)
Smiling is an attitude toward our life,there may be some unpleasant example,you fail in an exam;or another time,you are misunderstood by your unpleasant things may make you feel what will you do?Why not learn to smile?Smiling to yourself can bring back your greatest enemy is yourself;that’s to say,sometimes,you are beaten by should also learn to smile to will help us get closer to is the most widely understood language.
初中英语作文篇3
为了使同学们交往时举止更加文雅，你校学生会正在举办以How to behave well为题的英文征文比赛，请你写一篇短文参赛。
词左右
3.文中不得出现自己的姓名及学校名称。
How to behave well
Behaving well is the key to getting on well with others.
As a student,I think it’s very important to do everything on time and keep lie to others or say dirty should be polite to others and ready to help the people in ’d better not talk loudly in ’t throw litter or spit rememeber to obey the traffic rules. Finally,learn to work with will be very important in the future.
通过经典美文导读可以使中学生们陶冶情操,提高素养。下面我整理了初中简短英语美文，希望大家喜欢!
If you can keep your head when all about you
Are losing theirs and blaming it on you;
I f you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,
But make allowance for their doubting too;
If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,
Or, being lied about, don’t deal in lies,
Or, being hated, don’t give away to hating,
And yet don’t look too good, nor talk too wise;
If you can dream and not make dreams your master;
If you can think and not make thoughts your aim;
If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster
And treat those two imposters just the same;
If you can bear to hear the truth you’ve spoken
Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,
Or watch the things you gave your life to broken,
And stoop and build ’em up with worn-out tools;
If you can make one heap of all your winnings
And risk it on one turn of pitch-and toss
And lose, and start again at your beginnings
And never breathe a word about your loss;
If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew
To serve your turn long after they are gone,
And so hold on when there is nothing in you
Except the Will, which says to them: “hold on!”
If you can talk with crows and keep your virtue,
Or walk with kings nor lose the common touch;
If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you;
If all men count with you, but none too much;
If you can fill the unforgiving minute
With sixty seconds’worth of distance run
Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it,
And which is more you’ll be a Man, my son!
If you can keep your head when all about you
Are losing theirs and blaming it on you;
I f you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,
But make allowance for their doubting too;
If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,
Or, being lied about, don’t deal in lies,
Or, being hated, don’t give away to hating,
And yet don’t look too good, nor talk too wise;
If you can dream and not make dreams your master;
If you can think and not make thoughts your aim;
If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster
And treat those two imposters just the same;
If you can bear to hear the truth you’ve spoken
Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,
Or watch the things you gave your life to broken,
And stoop and build ’em up with worn-out tools;
If you can make one heap of all your winnings
And risk it on one turn of pitch-and toss
And lose, and start again at your beginnings
And never breathe a word about your loss;
If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew
To serve your turn long after they are gone,
And so hold on when there is nothing in you
Except the Will, which says to them: “hold on!”
If you can talk with crows and keep your virtue,
Or walk with kings nor lose the common touch;
If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you;
If all men count with you, but none too much;
If you can fill the unforgiving minute
With sixty seconds’worth of distance run
Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it,
And which is more you’ll be a Man, my son!
如果所有人都失去理智，咒骂你，
你仍能保持头脑清醒;
如果所有人都怀疑你，
你仍能坚信自己，让所有的怀疑动摇;
如果你要等待，不要因此厌烦，
为人所，不要因此人，
为人所恨，不要因此抱恨，
不要太乐观，不要自以为是;
如果你是个追梦人，不要被梦主宰;
如果你是个爱思考的人，不要以思想者自居;
如果你遇到骄傲和挫折
把两者当看待;
如果你能忍受你曾讲过的事实
被恶棍扭曲，用于蒙傻子，
或者，看着你用毕生去看护的东西被破坏，
俯下身去，用破旧的工具把它修补;
如果你在赢得无数桂冠之后，
然后孤注一掷再博一次，
失败过后，东山再起，
不要抱怨你的失败;
如果你能迫使自己，
在别人走后，长久的坚守阵地，
在你心中已空荡荡无一物，
只有意志告诉你“坚持!”;
如果你与人交谈，能保持风度，
办王同行，能保持距离;
如果仇敌和好友都不害你;
如果所有人都指望你。却无人全心全意;
如果你花六十秒进行段程跑，
填满那不可饶恕的一分钟
你就可以拥有一个世界，
这个世界的一切都是你的，
更重要的是，孩子，你是个顶天立地的人。
个性的表露
A most curious and useful thing to realize is that one never knows the impression one is creating on otherpeople. One may often guess pretty accurately whether it is good, bad, or indifferent — some people render it unnecessary for one to guess, they practically inform one — but that is not what I mean. I mean muchmore than that. I mean that one has one's self no mental picture corresponding to the mental picture whichone's personality leaves in the minds of one's friends. Has it ever struck you that there is a mysterious individual going around, walking the streets, calling at houses for tea, chatting, laughing, grumbling, arguing, and that all your friends know him and have long since added him up and come to a definite conclusion about him — without saying more than a chance, cautious word to you; and that that person is you? Supposing that you came into a drawing room where you were having tea, do you think you would recognize yourself as an individuality? I think not. You would be apt to say to yourself as guests do when disturbed in drawing rooms by other guests: “Who's this chap? See ms rather queer. I hope he won't be a bore.” And yourfirst telling would be slightly hostile. Why, even when you meet yourself in an unsuspected mirror in the very clothes that you have put on that very day and that you know by heart, you are almost always shocked by the realization that you are you. And now and then, when you have gone to the glass to arrange your hair in the full sobriety of early morning, have you not looked on an absolute stranger, and has not that stranger piqued your curiosity? And if it is thus with precise external details of form, colour, and movement, what may it not be with the vague complex effect of the mental and moral individuality?
A man honestly tries to make a good impression. What is the result? The result merely is that his friends,in the privacy of their minds, set him down as a man who tries to make a good impression. If much depends on the result of a sing le interview, or a couple of interviews, a man may conceivably force another to accept an impression of himself which he would like to convey. But if the receiver of the impression is to have time at his disposal, then the giver of the impression may just as well sit down and put his hands in his pockets, for nothing that he can do will modify or influence in any way the impression that he will ultimately give. The real impress is, in the end, given unconsciously, not consciously; and further, it is received unconsciously, not consciously. It depends partly on both persons. And it is immutably fixed beforehand. There can be no final deception…
一件认识起来很奇异也很受益的事是，一个人常常不清楚别人对他的印象是什么。是好呢，是坏呢，还是不好不坏，这些倒是能够十分准确地猜测出来——有些人甚至没有必要让你去猜测，他们差不多就讲给你听了——但是我想要说的不是这个。我想要说的远不止这个。我想要说的是，一个人头脑中对自己的印象和他本人在他朋友们头脑中的印象，往往很不一致。你曾经想到这样的事吗?——世上有那么一个诡异的人，到处跑来跑去，上街访友，又说又笑，口出怨言，大发议论，他的朋友都对他很熟悉，对他早已知根知底，对他的看法早有定论——但除了偶尔且谨慎的只言片语外，平时却很少对你透露。而那个人就是你自己。比如，你走进一家客厅去喝茶，你敢说你便能认得这个人就是你自己吗?我看不一定。很可能，你也会像客厅里的客人那样，当你难以忍受其他客人的骚扰时心里就盘算说：“这是哪个家伙，真是怪异。但愿他少讨人嫌。”你的第一个反应就是略带敌意。甚至就连你突然在一面镜子前面遇到了你自己，穿的衣服也正是你心里记得很清楚的那天的服装，怎么样，你还是会因为认出了你是你这件事而感到吃惊。还有当你有时到镜子前去整理头发时，尽管是在最清醒的大清早时刻，你不是也好像瞥见一个完全陌生的人吗?而且这陌生人还让你颇为好奇呢。如果说连形式颜色动作这类外观准确的细节都是这样，那么对于像心智和道德这种不易把握的复杂效果又将怎样呢?
有人真心实意地去努力留下一个好印象。但结果怎样呢，不过是被他的朋友们在内心深处认为他是一个刻意给人留下好印象的人。如果一切只凭着单独会一次面或见几次面，——这个人倒很能迫使另一个人接受他本人希望造成的某种印象。但是如果接受印象的人有足够的时间来自由支配，那么印象的给予者就干脆束手静坐了，因为他的所有招数都丝毫改变不了或影响不了他最终所造成的印象。真正的印象是在结尾，是无意而不是刻意造成的。同时，它也是无意而不是刻意接受的。它的形成要靠双方，而且是事先就已经确定的，最终的欺是不可能的……
She Walks in Beautyby Lord Byron
《她在美中徜徉》，拜伦
She walks in beauty, like the night Of cloudless climes and starry skies;
她在美中徜徉，仿佛夜晚皎洁无云，繁星漫天;
And all that's best of dark and bright meet in her aspect and her eyes, thus mellowed to that tender light which heaven to gaudy day denies.
正如绝佳的暗与亮融汇于外貌与眼眸;醇化为如此柔和的光 -俗丽的白昼得不到的恩泽。
One shade the more, one ray the less, had half impaired the nameless grace which waves in every raven tress, or softly lightens o'er her face; where thoughts serenely sweet express how pure, how dear their dwelling place.
多一道阴影，少一缕光芒，都有损这难以言表的优雅。美飘扬在她丝丝乌发中，或微微闪亮于她的面庞。愉悦的思想在那里颂扬其来处何等纯净可人。
And on that cheek, and o'er that brow, so soft, so calm, yet eloquent;
那脸颊和眉宇那么温柔，那么平静，而且意味深长。
The smiles that win, the tints that glow, but tell of days in goodness spent;
折服人心的微笑，红润的色彩，诉说着度过的美好时光。
A mind at peace with all below, a heart whose love is innocent!
心态平和，与世无争，爱心永远纯真。
在英语教学过程中，英语阅读更是不容忽视的环节和内容。通过阅读，有助于学生保持学习英语的兴趣，增长知识和提升能力。我整理了有关初中英语短文，欢迎阅读!
Yesterday, my mother told me that we were going to visit my grandparents, I was so happy to hear that. I was raised by my grandparents most of the time until I was at the age of 7, since my parents are busy with their work. I haven’t seen grandparents for half a year, I have to attend the class. When I met grandpa, he was so happy to hug me, grandma had already waited at the table, she cooked a lot of dishes, I like to eat the food she cooks, it is so delicious. I told a lot of things about my school to them, they loved to hear it. Time flies, I had to go home, I promised them I would come to visit them soon, today is a wonderful day for me.
昨天，我妈妈告诉我我们要去看外公和外婆，我很高兴听到这个消息。在七岁以前，因为我的父母忙于工作，我大部分的时间都是由爷爷奶奶抚养。我已经有半年没见到外公和外婆了，我要去学校上课。当我见到外公时，他很高兴地拥抱我，外婆已经在饭桌上等着了，她煮了很多菜，我喜欢吃她煮的菜，很美味。我跟他们说了很多我在学校的事，他们喜欢听我讲这些事情。时间过得很快，我要回家了，我答应他们很快就会来看他们，今天对我来说真是美好的一天。
For most girls, I believe they must have read the story about Cinderella. The story tells about a beautiful and kind girl named Cinderella, her mother dies when she is very small, so her father marries another lady who has two daughters. When the father dies, Cinderella is bulled by her step-mother and step-sisters, but she keeps nice to them. One day, Cinderella meets a prince and when she joins the party, she has to run away before midnight. The prince finally finds her by her missing glass shoe. Finally, Cinderella lives a happy life and her step-mother and step-sisters are punished. The story tells people that if we are kind to others, we will have the good return.
对于大部分女孩子来说，我相信他们肯定有看过关于《灰姑娘》的故事。故事讲述了一个美丽又善良，名叫灰姑娘的女孩。她的妈妈在她很小的时候就去世了，因此她的父亲和另一个有着两个女儿的女人结婚了。当父亲过世后，灰姑娘被她的继母和两个姐姐欺负，但是她一直对她们很好。有一天，灰姑娘在参加舞会的时候遇到了一位王子，但是她在午夜前不得已逃走了。王子最终通过她遗落的水晶鞋找到了她。最终，灰姑娘过上了幸福的生活，她的继母和姐姐们也受到了惩罚。这个故事告诉人们如果我们善待别人，就会有好的回报。
David Beckham, his family is believed to be the coolest family in the world. He has three handsome boys and a lovely girl. To me, I am very interested in the big brother, he is not only looking very handsome, but also very considerate to his sister. Every time when the family goes out for the activities, the media will take the photos of them all the way. Then the big brother is always holding his little sister, he will protect her out of the media’s annoyance. I am so envious of the little girl, she has a sweet brother, who will protect her all the time. I also want a big brother to protect me.
大卫贝克汉姆，他的家庭被认为是世界上最酷的家庭。他有三个英俊的儿子和一个可爱的女儿。对于我来说，我对大哥比较感兴趣，他不仅长得好看，而且对他的妹妹也很体贴。每次当这个家庭外出活动，媒体就会不停地拍照。然而大哥总是会抱着他的妹妹，保护她免受媒体的骚扰。我很羡慕这个小女孩，她有一个贴心的大哥，一直保护着她。我也想要一个大哥哥来保护我。
Since I was small, I was so curious about the beach, because in my hometown, I never have the chance to see the real beach. It happens to me that my friends planned to go to Beihai this weekend, so I was so excited to join them. It took us four hours to arrive in Beihai, I saw the beach when I was in the bus, the water was so clean and there were so many people walked on the beach. When we found the hotel and dropped everything down, we went to the beach and had the barbecue, I played with my friends so happily. I realized my dream and have a happy weekend.
打从我小时候起，我就对海滩很好奇，因为在我家乡，我从来没有机会看到真正的海滩。碰巧我的朋友计划在这个周末去北海，因此我很兴奋能加入他们。我们花了四个小时到达北海，当我在汽车上的时候，我看到了海滩，水是那么的清澈，很多人在海滩上散步。当我们找到旅馆，放下一切东西以后，我们走到海边并进行烧烤，我和朋友们都玩得很开心。我实现了自己的梦想，并且度过了一个愉快的周末。
The story goes that some time ago, a man punished his 3-year-old daughter for wasting a roll of gold wrapping paper. Money was tight and he became infuriated when the child tried to decorate a box to put under the Christmas tree. Nevertheless, the little girl brought the gift to her father the next morning and said, "This is for you, Daddy.”
有这样一个故事，爸爸因为三岁的女儿浪费了一卷金色的包装纸而惩罚了她。家里很缺钱，当孩子想要用包装纸装饰一个挂在圣诞树上的盒子时，爸爸生气了。然而，第二天早上小女孩把盒子作为礼物送给了爸爸，“这是给你的，爸爸。”
The man was embarrassed by his earlier overreaction, but his anger flared again when he found out the box was empty. He yelled at her, stating, "Don't you know, when you give someone a present, there is supposed to be something inside? The little girl looked up at him with tears in her eyes and cried, "Oh, Daddy, it's not empty at all. I blew kisses into the box. They're all for you, Daddy."
女儿的这个行为让爸爸感到尴尬。但是当他发现盒子是空的时候，他的怒火再一次燃烧了。他对女儿喊道，“难道你不知道给别人礼物的时候，里面应该放有东西吗?”多女孩抬头看着父亲，眼里含着泪水，“爸爸，盒子不是空的。我把吻放在了盒子里，都是给你的，爸爸。”
The father was crushed. He put his arms around his little girl, and he begged for her forgiveness. Only a short time later, an accident took the life of the child. It is also told that her father kept that gold box by his bed for many years and, whenever he was discouraged, he would take out an imaginary kiss and remember the love of the child who had put it there.
爸爸感动极了，他搂住女儿，恳请她的原谅。之后不久，一场事故夺走了小女孩的`生命。据说，父亲便将那个小金盒子放在床头，一直陪伴着他的余生。无论何时他感到气馁或者遇到难办的事情，他就会打开礼盒，取出一个假想的吻，记起漂亮女儿给予了自己特殊的爱。
In a very real sense, each one of us, as humans beings, have been given a gold container filled with unconditional love and kisses... from our children, family members, friends, and God. There is simply no other possession, anyone could hold, more precious than this.
从一个非常真实的意义上说，我们每个人都被赠与过一个无形的金色礼盒，那里面装满了来自子女，家人，朋友及上帝无条件的爱与吻。人们所能拥有的最珍贵的礼物莫过于此了。
Youth
Youth is not a time of life; itis a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and suppleknees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of theemotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.
Youth means a temperamentalpredominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over thelove of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20. Nobodygrows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.
Yearsmay wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear,self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.
Whether 60 or 16, there is inevery human being’s heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing appetite for what’snext and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and myheart, there is a wireless station; so long as it receives messages of beauty,hope, courage and power from man and from the infinite, so long as you areyoung.
When your aerials are down, andyour spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, thenyou’ve grown old, even at 20; but as long as your aerials are up, to catchwaves of optimism, there’s hope you may die young at 80.
译文：
青春
青春不是年华，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志，恢宏的想象，炙热的恋情；青春是生命的深泉在涌流。
青春气贯长虹，勇锐盖过怯弱，进取压倒苟安。如此锐气，二十后生而有之，六旬男子则更多见。年岁有加，并非垂老，理想丢弃，方堕暮年。
岁月悠悠，衰微只及肌肤；热忱抛却，颓废必致灵魂。忧烦，惶恐，丧失自信，定使心灵扭曲，意气如灰。
无论年届花甲，拟或二八芳龄，心中皆有生命之欢乐，奇迹之诱惑，孩童般天真久盛不衰。人人心中皆有一台天线，只要你从天上人间接受美好、希望、欢乐、勇气和力量的信号，你就青春永驻，风华常存。
一旦天线下降，锐气便被冰雪覆盖，玩世不恭、自暴自弃油然而生，即使年方二十，实已垂垂老矣；然则只要树起天线，捕捉乐观信号，你就有望在八十高龄告别尘寰时仍觉年轻。
英语是国际经济、技术、资讯等交流中应用最广泛的语言，也是我国基础教育中最主要的外语课程。我整理了关于初二英语短文有翻译，欢迎阅读! 关于初二英语短文有翻译：小小的蜡烛A Tiny Candle The candles themselves were nothing, but as one candle was used to light another in a dark room, the room would grow brighter. 蜡烛本身看似不起眼,但如果点燃两根蜡烛,而非一根,黑暗的房间顿时会变得更加明亮 Then as each lighted candle was used to light others, the dark room would begin to glow with a wonderful brightness. In the end, as every single candle was lit, the room was bathed in the glorious, shining light of not only fire but also love and joy. It doesn’t matter how tiny a candle you may think your life is. You can use it to shine a little light and love in this world. It doesn’t matter how brief your candle flickers are and how *** all your flame burns right now. You can feed it, build it and watch it grow. You may think you’re your life is a tiny candle now, but you can turn it into a powerful bonfire if you would like. 接下来,如果用一根点燃的蜡烛点亮其它蜡烛,黑暗的房间便会格外明亮。最后,当全部蜡烛都被点燃时,整个房间就会被明亮、灿烂的光线所笼罩。这光线并非全部源于烛焰,还源于爱与欢乐。即便你觉得自己的人生只是一根纤弱的蜡烛,你也可以用它给世界带来光与爱。即便现在你的烛焰只能闪烁片刻,即便现在你的烛光是那么微弱,你也可以努力让蜡烛燃烧得更加旺盛。也许你认为自己的生命好比一根微小的蜡烛,其实,只要你愿意,你就可以将这根微小的蜡烛变成一堆熊熊的篝火。 Light your candle today. Then use it to light all candles around you. Share your loving, joyful fire with everyone you know and everyone you meet. Feed your fire with goodness and watch it cast out all the darkness of the world. 赶快点燃自己的那根蜡烛吧!用它去点亮你身边的所有蜡烛。与你身边的每一个人分享充满爱与欢乐的烛焰。让友善使你的烛光更加灿烂,并静观它去驱逐世间的黑暗。 关于初二英语短文有翻译：Your Starting Point 你的起点 You are where you are. Accept it and feel the power your acceptance gives you to move forward. 你就处在这样一个位置。接受这个事实，感受随之而来的力量，这份力量会驱使你前进。 This moment is as it is. Accept its uniqueness and experience the freedom of not having to fight against it. 此刻就是这样。接受这一刻的独特性，体验无需与之对抗的自由。 There are difficult challenges in your life. Accept them and feel the energy that will enable you to rise above them. 你的生活中充满了艰钜的挑战。接受这些挑战，鼓足勇气去战胜它们。 Accept that this is your starting point. Instead of placing judgements on it, see the real, positive value that’s already yours. You cannot change where your past priorities* and choices have brought you. Yet you can make use of the wisdom you’ve earned to create a future that fulfils your most treasured dreams. 相信此刻就是你的起点。无需再判断，看到你所具备的真正意义上的价值。你过去认为重要的事和以前做过的选择给你带来了什么都是无法改变的。然而你可以充分利用你的智慧去创造未来，实现你最珍爱的梦想。 Lovingly and gratefully accept who you’ve been, what you’ve done, what you have and where you are. For you can now transform it all into what you most wish to be. 满怀爱心和感激之情，接受现实的自己，接受你所做过的、你所拥有的以及你所处的位置。现在你可以按你的愿望去改变它们。 关于初二英语短文有翻译：Positive Thoughts 乐观思想 It is not easy to think positive thoughts when the world around you appears to be so negative. In fact, it can be as difficult as anything you’ve ever done. However, it is absolutely possible to fill your mind with positive thoughts no matter what the environment is. Doing so makes you powerful like nothing else can. 当你周围的人或物都看似消极时,让你持有乐观思想并非是件容易的事。实际上,这和你做过的任何一件事一样难。然而,无论身处怎样的环境,用乐观的思想填充你的大脑是完全可能的。这样做会使你变得无比强大。 To think positively is to alignyourselfwith1 the truth that you’re immersed2 in limitless, growing abundance. To think positively is to pleasantly accept that your life is full of meaningful and unique achievements. 乐观地思考就是在证明一个事实——你的生活正处于日益丰盈的状态。乐观地思考也是在欣然接受一个事实——你的生活充满着意义深远、与众不同的成就。 Instead of placing a judgement on your situation, apply your most positive purposes to that situation. Instead of seeing the world as negative, see yourself as a powerful agent of the positive possibilities. 不要只顾著对你所处的形势作出评价,要把你的积极目标付诸于实际。不要只看到世界的消极一面,要看到自己能够创造积极可能性的强大力量。 If you find yourself giving in to negativity4, you are selling yourself short. The moment you feel the slightest pain of a negative thought, stop and remind yourself how powerful you are. Do the intentional work of keeping your thoughts positive. Because whatever you always think is where your life will surely and steadily go. 如果你发现自己正向消极屈服,那么你就是在轻视自己。在你感受到消极思想所带来的一丝疼痛的那一刻,停下来吧,提醒自己你是多么强大。做一些有利于塑造积极思想的事情,因为你的思想正引领着你生活稳步前行的方向。
一些经典的英语短文特别适合八年级的同学练习英语阅读能力，下面我为大家带来八年级英语阅读短文，欢迎大家阅读!
In 1963 a Lancaster bomber crashed on Wallis Island, a remote place in the South Pacific, a long way west of Samoa. The plane wasn't too badly damaged, but over the years, the crash was forgotten and the wreck remained undisturbed. Then in 1989, twenty-six years after the crash, the plane was accidentally rediscovered in an aerial survey of the island. By this time, a Lancaster bomber in reasonable condition was rare and worth rescuing. The French authorities had the plane packaged and moved in parts back to France. Now a group of enthusiasts are going to have the plane restored. It has four Rolls-Royce Merlin engines, but the group will need to have only three of them rebuilt. Imagine their surprise and delight when they broke open the packing cases and found that the fourth engine was sweet as honey -- still in perfect condition. A colony of bees had turned the engine into a hive and it was totally preserved in beeswax!
在1963的兰开斯特轰炸机坠毁在沃利斯岛，一个偏远的地方在南太平洋，萨摩亚以西很远的地方。飞机损坏的程度并不严重，但是，多年来，事故已被遗忘，残骸仍然不受干扰。然后在1989，二十六年后坠毁，飞机被意外地发现了在航测的岛。到这个时候，状况良好的兰开斯特轰炸机实属罕见，值得抢救。法国政府让人把飞机包装和部分地搬回法国。一群热心人去修复这架飞机。它有四个劳斯莱斯梅林发动机，但是他们只需要三的重建。想象的惊奇和兴奋--当他们拆开包装箱时，他们发现第四台发动机就像蜂蜜一样甜--发动机完好无损。一群蜜蜂把发动机当作了蜂房和它完全保存在蜂蜡!
Last Christmas, the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, decided to take some presents to a children's hospital. Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a 'guard of honour' of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo. He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic. Though Jimmy agreed to go at once, Jumbo refused to move. Fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street. The police had a difficult time, but they were most amused. 'Jumbo must weigh a few tons,' said a policeman afterwards, 'so it was fortunate that we didn't have to carry him. Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.'
去年的圣诞节，马戏团老板吉米，大门，决定送些礼物给儿童医院。他打扮成圣诞老人，伴随着仪仗队的六个漂亮的女孩，他出发，沿着城里的主要街道骑大象宝宝叫做。他应该知道，警察是不会允许这种事情的。一个警察走过来告诉吉米，他应该走一条小路，因为江伯阻碍了交通。虽然吉米同意马上就走，但江伯却拒绝移动。十五个警察不得不用很大的力气把它推离主要街道。警察虽然吃了苦头，但他们还是感到很有趣。"江伯一定有好几吨重，"一个警察后来说，"值得庆幸的是它没让我们抬它走。当然，我们应该逮捕他，但由于它一贯表现很好，这次我们饶了它。"
In 1858, a French engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel under the English Channel. He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel. This platform would serve as a port and a railway station. The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level. In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low. He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built. This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. Forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun. If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed. The world had to wait almost another 100 years for the Channel Tunnel. It was officially opened on March 7,1994, finally connecting Britain to the European continent.
经典美文作为 传统 文化 的精粹,对健全学生人格的发展有着深远的意义。通过阅读经典,可实现与中国民族精神的沟通,让学生在传统文化的照耀之下健康茁壮地成长。我精心收集了初二英语美文，供大家欣赏学习!初二英语美文：The Definition of “Price” Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional, transportation, and public-utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the “system” of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else. If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define “price”, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words that price is the money values of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total “package” being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price. 初二英语美文：The Language of Music A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm—two entirely different movements. Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear. This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sound with fanatical but selfless authority. Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century. 初二英语美文：Schooling and Education It is commonly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an , it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important. Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows nobounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchenor on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the wholeuniverse of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparentto the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereasschooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chanceconversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of otherreligions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad,inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, andone that should be an integral part of one’s entire life. Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varieslittle from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school atapproximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similartextbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned,whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the working of government, have usuallybeen limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school studentsknow that there not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in theircommunities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definiteconditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.
在初一阶段，阅读一些优秀的短文也是很有必要的。下面是我整理的初一英语优秀短文以供大家阅读。
初一英语优秀短文(一)
The thing that goes the farthest toward making life worthwhile,
That costs the least and does the most, is just a pleasant smile.
The smile that bubbles from the heart that loves its fellow men,
Will drive away the clouds of gloom and coax the sun again.
It’s full of worth and goodness, too, with manly kindness blent;
It’s worth a million dollars, and it doesn’t cost a cent.
There is no room for sadness when we see a cheery smile;
It always has the same good look; it’s never out of style;
It nerves us on to try again when failure makes us blue;
The dimples of encouragement are good for me and you.
It pays the highest interest — for it is merely lent;
It’s worth a million dollars, and it doesn’t cost a cent.
A smile comes very easy — you can wrinkle up with cheer,
A hundred times before you can squeeze out a salty tear;
It ripples out, moreover, to the heartstrings that will tug,
And always leaves an echo that is very like a hug.
So, smile away! Folks understand what by a smile is meant;
It’s worth a million dollars, and it doesn’t cost a cent.
初一英语优秀短文译文：
那最能赋予生命价值、代价最廉而回报最多的东西，
不过一个令人心畅的微笑而已。
由衷地热爱同胞的微笑，来源：优习网
会驱走心头阴郁的乌云，心底收获一轮夕阳。
它充满价值和美好，混合着坚毅的仁爱之心;
它价值连城却不花一文。
当我们看到喜悦的微笑，忧伤就会一扫而光;
它始终面容姣好，永不落伍;
失败令我们沮丧之时，它鼓励我们再次尝试;
鼓励的笑靥于你我大有裨益。
它支付的利息高昂无比──只因它是种借贷形式;
它价值连城却不花一文。来源：优习网
来一个微笑很容易──嘴角欢快翘起来，
你能百次微笑，可难得挤出一滴泪;
它的涟漪深深波及心弦，
总会留下反响，宛若拥抱。
继续微笑吧!谁都懂得它意味着什么;
它价值连城却不花一文。
初一英语优秀短文(二)
One windy spring day，I observed young people having fun using the wind to fly their kites. Multicolored creations of varying shapes and sizes filled the skies like beautiful birds darting and dancing. As the strong winds gusted against the kites，a string kept them in check.
Instead of blowing away with the wind，they arose against it to achieve great heights. They shook and pulled，but the restraining string and the cumbersome tail kept them in tow，facing upward and against the wind. As the kites struggled and trembled against the string，they seemed to say，“Let me go!Let me go!I want to be free!”They soared beautifully even as they fought the restriction of the string. Finally，one of the kites succeeded in breaking loose. “Free at last，”it seemed to say. “Free to fly with the wind.”
Yet freedom from restraint simply put it at the mercy of an unsympathetic breeze. It fluttered ungracefully to the ground and landed in a tangled mass of weeds and string against a dead bush. “Free at last” free to lie powerless in the dirt，to be blown helplessly along the ground，and to lodge lifeless against the first obstruction.
How much like kites we sometimes are. The Heaven gives us adversity and restrictions，rules to follow from which we can grow and gain strength. Restraint is a necessary counterpart to the winds of opposition. Some of us tug at the rules so hard that we never soar to reach the heights we might have obtained. We keep part of the commandment and never rise high enough to get our tails off the ground.
Let us each rise to the great heights，recognizing that some of the restraints that we may chafe under are actually the steadying force that helps us ascend and achieve.
初一英语优秀短文译文：
在一个有风的春日，我看到一群年轻人正在迎风放风筝玩乐，各种颜色、各种形状和大小的风筝就好像美丽的鸟儿在空中飞舞。当强风把风筝吹起，牵引线就能够控制它们。
风筝迎风飘向更高的地方，而不是随风而去。它们摇摆着、拉扯着，但牵引线以及笨重的尾巴使它们处于控制之中，并且迎风而上。它们挣扎着、抖动着想要挣脱线的束缚，仿佛在说：“放开我!放开我!我想要自由!”即使与牵引线奋争着，它们依然在美丽地飞翔。终于，一只风筝成功挣脱了。“终于自由了，”它好像在说，“终于可以随风自由飞翔了!”
然而，脱离束缚的自由使它完全处于无情微风的摆布下。它毫无风度地震颤着向地面坠落，落在一堆乱草之中，线缠绕在一颗死灌木上。“终于自由”使它自由到无力地躺在尘土中，无助地任风沿着地面将其吹走，碰到第一个障碍物便毫无生命地滞留在那里了。
有时我们真像这风筝啊!上苍赋予我们困境和约束，赋予我们成长和增强实力所要遵从的规则。约束是逆风的必要匹配物。我们中有些人是如此强硬地抵制规则，以至我们从来无法飞到本来能够达到的高度。我们只遵从部分戒律，因此永远不会飞得足够高，使尾巴远离地面。
让我们每个人都飞到高处吧，并且认识到这一点：有些可能会令我们生气的约束，实际上是帮助我们攀升和实现愿望的平衡力。
美文助读式教学的模式,是一种高效率的实用的教学模式。所谓美文,就是发表在报刊上的关于某篇课文的精美的赏析性短文或者教师自己撰写的此类文章。我整理了初一短篇英语美文，欢迎阅读!
Women in Colonial North America
The status of women in colonial North America has been well studied and described and can bebriefly summarized. Throughout the colonial period there was a marked shortage of women,which varied with the regions and was always greatest in the frontier areas. This favorableratio enhanced women's status and position and allowed them to pursue different careers.
The Puritans, the religious sect that dominated the early british colonies in North America,regarded idleness as a sin, and believed that life in an underdeveloped country made itabsolutely necessary that each member of the community perform an economic function.
Thus work for women, married or single, was not only approved, it was regarded as a civic town councils expected idows and unattached women to be self supporting and for along time provided needy spinsters with parcels of land. There was no social sanction againstmarried women working; on the contrary, wives were expected to help their husbands in theirtrade and won social approval for doing extra work in or out of the home. Needy children, girlsas well as boys, were indentured or apprenticed and were expected to work for their keep.
The vast majority of women worked within their homes, where their labor produced mostarticles needed for the family. The entire colonial production of cloth and clothing and partiallythat of shoes was in the hands of women. In addition to these occupations, women werefound in many different kinds of employment. They were butchers, silversmiths, gunsmiths andupholsterers. They ran mills, plantations, tanyards, shipyards, and every kind of shop, tavern,and boardinghouse. They were gatekeepers, jail keepers, sextons, journalists, printers,apothecaries, midwives, nurses, and teachers.
北美殖民时期的妇女
北美殖民时期女性的社会地位曾得到过深入研究和描述，并可简短概括。 整个殖民时期，女性人数明显不足，各地情况不尽相同，在边远地区尤其缺少。 这种对女性有利的比例提高了她们的社会地位和职位，使她们能追求不同的事业。 清教徒是早期英属殖民地的宗教主流。 它视懒惰为犯罪，认为在不发达农村社区的每一个成员都必须发挥经济作用。 所以已婚或单身女性工作不仅是许可的，而且被认为是公民的义务。 清教徒的镇议会认为寡妇和未婚女性也应该自食其力，而且在相当长一段时期里，向贫困的老而未婚的女子提供土地。 社会不反对已婚妇女工作;相反，要求她们帮助丈夫从事他们的行当。在家庭内外做额外劳动的妻子们会得到社会的赞同。贫困的儿童，女孩和男孩一样，也要签师徒契约做学徒，想保住这个生计就要工作。 绝大多数女性在家庭里劳动，生产大部分家用必需品。 殖民时期全部的布料和衣服以及一部分的鞋都出自女性的双手。 除了从事这些职业，妇女也从事许多不同类型的职业，如做屠夫、铁匠、军械工和家俱修理工。 她们经营手工作坊、种植园、制革场、造船厂和各类商店、小旅馆和供膳寄宿处。 她们当守门人或狱卒，教堂司事、记者、印刷工、药剂师、助产士、护士和教师。
The Definition of "Price"
Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which productsand services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of theUnited States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought andsold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional,transportation, and public-utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make upthe "system" of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad,complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less uponeverything else. If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define "price",many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a productor service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product or service as agreedupon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For acomplete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amountof money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with notonly the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to beexchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will bemade, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to thetransaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and otherfactors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors thatcomprise the total "package" being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order thatthey may evaluate a given price.
The Beginning of Drama
There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widelyaccepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument forthis view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world- even the seasonal changes - as unpredictable, and they sought through various means tocontrol these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring thedesired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventuallystories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some ritualswere abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art anddrama.
Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained theseed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always , a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entirecommunity did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the "acting area"and the "auditorium." In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importancewas attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumedthat task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, orsupernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect -- success in hunt or battle, the comingrain, the revival of the Sun -- as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations wereseparated from religious activities.
Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling. According tothis view tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first throughthe use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through theassumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theaterto those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animalmovements and sounds.
戏剧的起源
关于古希腊戏剧的起源存在着多种理论，其中一个最普遍为人接受的理论假设认为戏剧从仪式演化而来。 这个观点是这样进行论证的：一开始，人类把世界上的自然力量，甚至季节的变化都看成是不可预料的。 他们试图通过各种方式去控制这些未知的、令人恐惧的力量。 那些似乎带来了满意结果的手段就被保留下来并且重复直到这些手段固化为不变的仪式，最后产生了能够解释或者掩盖这些仪式神秘性的故事。 随着时间的推移，一些仪式被废弃了，但这些后来被称作神话的故事流传下来并且为艺术和戏剧提供了素材。
认为戏剧从仪式演化而来的人们还认为那些仪式包含了戏剧的基本因素，因为音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装几乎经常被使用，而且，必须为演出提供一个合适的地点;如果不是整个社区共同参加演出，经常在"演出区"和"观众席"之间划分出明显的分界。 另外，仪式中还有演员，而且宗教领袖通常承担演出任务，因为在仪式的执行中避免错误的发生被认为有相当大的重要性;他们经常带着面具，穿着服装象演员那样扮演其它人、动物或超自然的生灵，用动作来表演以达到所需要的效果，比如打猎的成功或战斗的胜利、将至的雨、太阳的复活。 最后这些戏剧性的表演从宗教活动中分离了出来。 另一个追溯戏剧起源的理论认为它来自人们对叙述故事的兴趣。 根据这个观点，故事(关于狩猎、战争或者其它伟绩)是逐渐丰富起来的。 首先通过一个讲解人来运用模仿、表演和对话，然后再由不同的人扮演各自的角色;另一个与之紧密相关的理论将戏剧的起源追溯至舞蹈，这些舞蹈大体上是有节奏感的和体操式的那一类，或者是对动物动作和声音的模仿。
英语阅读能力作为一项重要的外语技能在英语教学中备受重视。我精心收集了初一英语短文，供大家欣赏学习!
To be a Chinese, we should learn how to love our country and protect her.
China is our mother,we can't injure her,we are her pride. we can't make her feel disappointed and sad.
We are flowers of our country,we should work hard, in order to devote ourselves to China.
So let's work hard together to make our country's futuremuch better!
作为一个中国人，我们应该学会如何爱我们的国家，保护她。
中国是我们的母亲，我们不能伤害她，我们是她的骄傲。我们不能让她感到失望和伤心。
我们是祖国的花朵，我们要努力工作，全心全意奉献国家。
因此，让我们共同努力，使我们国家的未来变得更好!
No one is perfect. No matter how excellent a person is, he will have disadvantages. And sometimes people will point out your so called disadvantages in their view. For example, an honest person may be thought of not easy to be outstanding in the competitive society. He should not listen to other’s opinion to change his good virtue. Take another example, someone tells you that the way you walk is not elegant. Will you change it? Do not change yourself easily. You are unique that you don’t need to change yourself easily, except some real disadvantages.
没有人是完美的。不管一个人有多么的优秀，都会有缺点。有时候别人会在他们的立场上指出你所谓的缺点。例如，一个老实的人可能会被认为很难在竞争激烈的社会里出类拨萃。他不应该听从别人的意见，改变自己的美德。再举一个例子，有人告诉你，你走路姿势不优雅。你会改变吗?不要轻易改变自己。你是独一无二的，你没必要轻易地改变自己，除非是一些真正的缺点。
I’m Tom. I’m a student in Grade 7. My school life is interesting. I like it very much. I have 5 classes in the morning and 3 classes in the afternoon. I study English, Chinese, math and some other subjects. I like English best because it’s easy and interesting. I don’t like math because I always meet difficulties in studing math. I try hard but it doesn't work at all. After class, I often play basketball with my classmates. I go to the school library for some reading twice a week. I like my school life. What about yours? Can you tell me something about it?
我叫Tom，是一名7年级学生。我的校园生活很有趣，我很喜欢。我早上有5节课，下午有3节课。我学习英语，语文，数学还有其他科目。我最喜欢英语因为它简单又有趣。我不喜欢数学因为我学习中总是遇到困难。我很努力了但是一点起色也没有。课后，我经常和同学打篮球。我每两周去学校图书馆看一次书。我喜欢我的校园生活。你的校园生活是怎么样的呢?你能够告诉我一些有关的事情吗?
Today, when I walk on the street after school, I find the street is very clean, it is very different from usual days. I am so curious, so I ask the cleaner, she tells me that many students have behaved, they don’t throw away the rubbish anymore. I think about the education about the environment last week, it works. We should protect the environment.
今天，当我放学回家走在路上的时候，我发现街道很干净，和往日很不一样。我非常好奇，因此问了下清洁工，她告诉我很多学生已经自律了，他们不再随处扔垃圾。我想起了上周关于环境的教育，确实起作用了。我们应该保护环境。
以下是无忧考网为大家整理的关于初二英语作文：阅读的文章，希望大家能够喜欢！At present, only a few students read after class. Here are several reasons: First, some students are so busy that the don’t have time to do reading due to teachers leaving them too much homework. Second, some students are not likely to read at all. Because they spend too much time in watching TV, searching the Internet and playing games. Finally, as the whole society do not attach importance to reading, parents do not urge students to read.现在只有少部分学生会做课外阅读了。以下是几点原因。首先，很多学生太忙了，因为老师布置给他们很多作业，所以没时间阅读。第二，很多学生并不喜欢阅读，他们花费太多时间看电视、上网和玩游戏了。第三，整个社会对阅读没给予很大的重视，所以父母并不督促孩子读书。I feel it’s a pity that students do not read as much as before since books are the main resource of knowledge. Books also can take us to where we can’t really go, can help us experience the things we can’t really see. In addition, when you feel upset or irritable, reading is a good way to comfort yourself or make you calm down. I suggest that no matter how busy you are, you should spend some time in reading. Once you stict to it, you’ll get benefits.我觉得很遗憾，学生不像从前那么爱阅读了，然而书是知识的源泉，书籍可以带我们去从没去过的地方，带我们感受从未见过的事物。另外，当你心绪不宁，急躁不安时，阅读是是你舒适平静的好方法。我建议大家，不管你有多忙，多花时间阅读，当你坚持，你能从中获益。
英语阅读，是英语学习和英语教学中的一个重要环节，它是我们获取知识、外界资讯，与外界交流的主要途径之一。我精心收集了，供大家欣赏学习! 初二英语短文带翻译篇1 Everybody needs to work hard to realize their dreams, but sometimes when they are tired and wish to get the big fortune without effort, they will naturally think about hitting the big lottery and then just get rid of working, how wonderful it is. While the fact is that hitting the lottery won’t help people get rid of poorness. A research has been done to see what happened to the persons who hit the lottery and the result surprised all the people. When the persons got the great fortune, they quit their work and just spent the money, now they are poor because they bee lazy and don’t have money. Fortune won’t fall from the sky, we need to pay our effort. 每个人都需要努力工作来实现梦想，但是有时候当他们累了，就会期望没有付出也能得到一笔巨大的财富，自然想到中彩票，然后不用工作，这是多么美好啊。然而事实就是中彩票也无法帮助人们摆脱贫困。有一项调查针对中奖的人，看看他们发生了什么事，结果让所有人吃惊。当他们得到了巨大的财富，就辞掉工作，花钱，如今他们还是贫困，因为他们变得懒惰，也没有钱。财富不会从天而降，我们需要付出劳动。 初二英语短文带翻译篇2 People tell us that we should to be a brave girl, so that we can get over the difficulties. But to be a brave girl is not easy for me, I always tell myself I must face the difficulty, but I give up in the last minute. So from today, I must learn to be a brave girl, I am not saying to be brave right now, I should take it step by step. First, I must tell myself not to fear the difficulty. When I meet the trouble, I should learn to solve it by myself instead of depending on others, so I will learn something gradually. Then I should open my mind, trying to know more things. 人们告诉我们应该成为一个勇敢的女孩，这样我们就能够克服困难。但是成为一个勇敢的女孩对我来说不容易，我总是告诉自己我必须勇敢，但是我在最后的关头放弃。因此从今天起，我必须成为一个勇敢的女孩，我并不是说立刻变得勇敢，我应该一步一步来。第一，我必须告诉自己不要害怕困难。当我到困难时，我应该学着去自己解决，而不是依赖于别人，这样我就会慢慢学到事情。然后我应该开阔我的思想，学着去了解更多的事情。 初二英语短文带翻译篇3 I am a shy girl, when my teachers ask me the questions, I will always low down my head and answer them with *** all voice. Because of my character, I miss the chances to make myself stand out and I also don’t have many friends. I really want to change my situation, I don’t want to be a stand by anymore, I want to be part of the group. So I force myself to join the class activities, I find I enjoy them and I talk to my clas *** ate a lot. I bee active and start to try more things, I take part in the debate petition and show my ability, I find my stage. 我是一个害羞的女孩,当我的老师问我问题,我总是低下我的头低, 小声音回答。因为我的性格,我错过了让自己脱颖而出的机会,我也没有很多朋友。我真的想改变我的处境,我不想成为旁观者了,我想成为班里的一部分。所以我强迫自己参加班级活动,我发现我爱上这些活动,跟同学有个很多交流。我变得活跃,开始尝试更多的东西,我参加了辩论比赛,展现我的能力,我找到舞台。 初二英语短文带翻译篇4 A lot of people plain about their situation, they think life sucks and there is nothing for them can do. But when we see the disabled who live happily and make great achievement, there is nothing for us to plain about. A disabled man who has no feet seems so miserable, but he learns the basic skills and lives as the ordinary people. His story inspires so many people, when they see him, they think what they face is nothing serious. The disabled have the strong will and invisible wings, which make them successful. So we should not plain, finding all kinds of excuses, just fight for our dreams. 很多人抱怨自己的处境,他们认为生活糟透了,没有什么可以做。但是当我们看到残疾人,幸福地生活着,并且取得伟大的成就时,我们没有什么可抱怨的了。一个残疾的人,没有脚看起来很悲惨,但他学习了生活的基本技能，像普通人那样活着。他的故事激励了很多人,当他们看到他,觉得自己面对的都不是什么问题。残疾人有着坚强的意志和隐形的翅膀,这让他们取得成功。所以我们不应该抱怨,找各种借口，要为我们的梦想而奋斗。
八年级英语阅读理解及答案
英语的'阅读内容涉及的范围较广，有关于历史的也有关现实生活的，有故事性的文章，也有经济、科技、军事等方面的文章。下面是我分享的八年级(初二)的英语阅读理解题，希望能帮到大家!
The best way of learning a language is using it. The best way of learning English is talking in English as much as possible. Sometimes you’ll get your words mixed up(混合) and people won’t understand you. Sometimes people will say things too quickly and you couldn’t understand them. But if you sense of humor (幽默感), you can always have a good laugh at the mistakes. It’s better for people to laugh at your mistakes than to be angry with you, because they don’t understand what you are saying. The most important thing for learning English is :” Don’t be afraid of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes.”
( )1. The writer thinks that the best way for you to learn a language is _____
A. writing it B. using it C. listening D. learning grammar
( )2. What should you do in learning English?
A. Be careful not to make any mistakes B. Write as quickly as you can
C. Speak English as much as you can D. Laugh more often
( )3. When people laugh at your mistakes, you should _____
A. not care B. be happy C. feel worried D. be unhappy
( )4. When you make s mistake, you should ______
A. keep quiet B. get angry C. be kind D. keep your sense of humor
( )5. The story tells us :“______”.
Only foolish(愚蠢) people make mistakes
Few people make mistakes never make mistakes
is no one who doesn’t make mistakes
答案：
Look at the light and beautiful snowflakes(雪花) wanted to hold them in your hands?They are always lost when they meet your hands.
Well,this isn’t just a problem for was a problem for Wilson Bentley, the 1870s,Wilson Bentley was just a family lived in a small town in northeast there were long and ’s mother was once a school teacher. She taught him at home. Bentley didn’t go to school until he was
14. He was a quiet boy, and loved reading his mother’s it was his mother’s microscope (显微镜) that interested him. When the other boys were playing with balls, little Bentley was studying things like drops of water, flowers and snowflakes. Bentley loved watching snowflakes. For the next two years young Bentley spent many winter days in a cold room watching these ice crystals (晶体) under his boy thought they were so beautiful that he started to draw pictures of them. But there were so many snowflakes that he couldn’t draw them all. How could he keep their beauty forever? Bentley thought of buying a camera.
The boy and his mother asked his father to buy one. But, his father didn’t agree. He thought the whole thing was a bad idea. He thought the only thing a farmer should do was farming.
But finally Bentley did get a camera. For more than a year he tried to take pictures of snowflakes. On January 15, 1885, during a snowstorm, Bentley took the first ever photo of an ice crystal with his camera. “It was the greatest moment of my life,” Bentley said later.
For 13 years, Bentley worked quietly and took thousands of photos of ice crystals. Later he became known as “Snowflake” Bentley.
根据短文，选择最佳答案：
( )1. The best title for this passage is ____.
A. Snowflake Photos B. Snowflake Boy
C. Long and Hard Winters D. Teenage Photographer
( )2. We can tell from the story that Bentley’s father was ____.
A. a farmer B. a funny man C. an athletic man D. a school teacher
( )3. Which of the following statements about Bentley is true?
A. He didn’t get any kind of education as a child.
B. He was born into a rich family.
C. He was the first person to take photos of snowflakes.
D. He was fascinated by the beauty of snowflakes.
( )4. What kind of person do you think Bentley was?
A. He was outgoing. B. He was too serious.
C. He was interested in learning. D. He was very warm-hearted.
( )5. The “ice crystals” in the third paragraph refers to “____”.
A. water drops B. rain drops C. flowers D. snowflakes
答案 ：B A C C D
The sun is always shining. But it can only shine on one side of the earth at one time. When the sun is shining on one side of the earth, it is night on the other side.
At night, you can see the stars(星星). The stars are in the sky all day. But the light from the sun is so bright that you can’t see them. When night come, there is no light, and the stars are bright enough to see. The stars look very small. But some of them are even bigger than the sun. They look small because they are so far away from you. Big things look much smaller when they are far away. The sun is closer(近)to the earth than other stars, so it looks bigger.
( ) it is night, the sun ________ .
A. doesn’t shine B. shines for a short time
C. disappears(消失) D. shines on the other side of the earth
( ) can’t see the stars in the sky at daytime(白天)because ________ .
A. there are no stars there
B. the stars are much smaller than the sun
C. the bright light from the sun makes them not seen(被看见)
D. the stars come out only at night
( ) stars look small because ________ .
A. they are far away B. they are small
C. they have no light D. they are in the sky
( ) things may look ________ when they are close.
A. bigger B. small C. near D. far away
( ) sun looks bigger than other stars because ________ .
A. it’s bigger B. it’s far away in the sky
C. it gives much bright light D. it’s closer to the earth than other stars
答案：