鵼鵼小舞
固体氧化铁脱硫剂长期以来因硫容量低,用于高含硫气体时,存在着在高空速下气体净化度不高的问题,限制了氧化铁脱硫剂的应用。因此本文综合目前应用最为广泛氧化铁脱硫剂的优缺点，分别探讨不同反应物制得的Fe2O3脱硫剂的脱硫性能及不同载体在不同温度下的脱硫效果，且在这些条件下再改变沉淀剂的种类来深入探讨出一种高效的、成本较低的脱硫剂。Solid oxide sulfur sorbent capacity due to low long-term, for high-sulfur gas, the existence of the gas at high speed is not high degree of purification of the problem, limiting the application of iron oxide sorbent. Therefore this paper, the current most widely used iron oxide desulfurizer the advantages and disadvantages of different reactants were obtained desulfurizer Fe2O3 and the desulfurization performance of different carriers at different temperatures desulfurization effect, and under these conditions in the precipitation agent to change the type of depth to a highly efficient, lower-cost sorbent.首先，通过选择不同的反应原料来制取脱硫剂，即分别使用实验室的Fe2O3原料、FeCl3和Fe2(SO4)3来制备脱硫剂。结果发现经过酸化后的Fe2O3原料所制取的脱硫剂脱硫性能较好。其主要原因是其他两种原料在反应后抽虑过程中有Cl-、SO42-未完全洗涤掉，进而对脱硫剂脱硫效果产生了影响。First of all, by selecting the different reactions to the preparation of raw materials desulfurizer, that the use of raw materials Fe2O3 Laboratory, FeCl3 and Fe2 (SO4) 3 to prepare desulfurizer. The results showed that after acidification of the raw material after the preparation of Fe2O3 Desulfurization of better performance. The main reason is the other two after the extraction of raw materials in the reaction process to consider Cl-, SO42-has not been completely washed out, and thus the effect Desulfurization impact.其次，选择Fe2(SO4)3为原料制取脱硫剂，当温度一定，改变载体的种类，发现相同温度下Al2O3为载体的效果最佳，载体C效果最差，其一方面的原因是载体C焙烧后脱硫剂的强度很差，基本成粉末状。而Al2O3的最好。与此同时，当固定一种载体时，通过改变焙烧温度来考察脱硫剂性能。结果表明，脱硫剂的最佳焙烧温度为450℃。Secondly, the choice of Fe2 (SO4) 3 as raw materials desulfurizer preparation, when the temperature must change the type of carrier and found the same temperature as the carrier under the effect of Al2O3 best, the worst effects of carrier C, which was due to carriers on the one hand, C After calcination the intensity of desulfurizer poor basic into powder. The best and Al2O3. At the same time, when a carrier of fixed by changing the calcination temperature to study the performance desulfurizer. The results showed that the best sorbent calcination temperature to 450 ℃.再次，当选用沉淀剂NH4OH、NH4HCO3、Na2CO3，发现沉淀剂的效果是NH4OH＞NH4HCO3＞Na2CO3。另外，当固定载体种类时，改变载体CaO的含量（10％、20％、30％），发现载体的含量越低时脱硫效果越好。将上述所有脱硫剂经过900℃焙烧2小时进行老化，再次进行脱硫反应，结果发现，老化后的脱硫效果远远比未被老化的脱硫剂效果差。Re-elected with precipitant NH4OH, NH4HCO3, Na2CO3, found that the effect of precipitant NH4OH> NH4HCO3> Na2CO3. In addition, the type of when a fixed vector, the change in CaO content vector (10%, 20%, 30%) and found that the lower carrier concentration, the better when the desulfurization effect. Desulfurizer above all after two hours baking 900 ℃ for aging of desulfurization again found that the effect of aging is much lower than those of the desulfurization aging desulfurizer not bad.最后，通过改变H2S空速、是否含有水蒸气来讨论对脱硫效果的影响，研究表明，随着空速的增大，脱硫剂的脱硫性能降低，而H2S中不含有水蒸气能产生较好的脱硫效果。 Finally, by changing the space velocity H2S, to discuss whether it contains water vapor effect on the desulfurization, research showed that with increasing airspeed, the desulfurization sorbent performance, and H2S does not contain water vapor to produce better desulfurization.
陈709479558
酶法双甘酯的制备论文字数:19829,页数:36摘 要 双甘酯（Diacylglycerol, DG）是甘三酯（Triacylglycerol, TG）中的一个脂肪酸被羟基取代的结构脂质。双甘酯是天然植物油脂中的微量成分及体内脂肪代谢的内源中间产物，它是公认安全(GRAS)的食品成分。近年来的研究表明, 双甘酯具有许多独特的生理作用和物化性质, 可广泛地应用于食品、医药、化妆品及其他化工产品, 是一类很有开发前景的新型化工原料。本论文主要对双甘酯的酶促甘油醇解、水解以及超声波外力场辅助酶促水解制备进行了研究。 首先研究了酶促棕榈油甘油醇解反应制备双甘酯，研究表明：在搅拌、棕榈油与甘油底物摩尔比为2：1、加酶量为油脂质量的8%、甘油加水量0%、反应温度42℃的条件下，酶促甘油解制备双甘酯反应较慢，反应30小时，DG的质量分数才达40%。试验同时发现，体系中游离脂肪酸生成速率较快，尤其在前12小时。体系中没有加入水，参与反应的水主要源于酶中以及油脂中已有的水分，这二者的水分含量均不高，在此情况下，水解反应却较快，这说明，酶催化水解反应的能力很强。既然酶催化水解易于进行，因此，下文进行了酶促水解制备DG的研究。 试验显示，在机械搅拌条件下，酶促水解的最优条件为：底物摩尔比（水∶棕榈油）为，加酶量为油脂质量的6%，反应温度42℃，反应时间4h，产物中双甘酯的含量达到。该试验表明，酶促水解反应比甘油醇解反应快得多，且双甘酯产率高。 为了进一步加快反应速率，本文在超声波作用下，对脂肪酶催化棕榈油水解制备双甘酯进行了试验。试验结果表明：在底物摩尔比（水∶棕榈油）为，加酶量为油脂质量的6%，反应温度为37℃，超声功率为50W，仅需反应2h，产物中双甘酯的含量即达到。关键词：双甘酯 脂肪酶 甘油醇解 水解 超声波 The Preparation of Diglyceride catalized by Enzyme Abstract: Diglyceride (DG) is a kind of structured lipid that hydroxyl replace acyl in the sn-1, 2, 3 position of triglyceride (TG). DG is a natural minor component of various edible oils and the endogenetic intermediate metabolite of lipid. Moreover, it is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by FDA. Recent investigations have shown that diglyceride can be extensively applied to food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and other chemical products due to its specific physiological actions and physico-chemical properties. Diglyceride is one kind of new and promising chemical product. In this paper, the preparation of DG in different conditions were studied. Firstly, the preparation of DG by enzymatic glycerine alcoholysis of palm oil was studied. The research indicated that the DG content in the yield was only about 40% under the following conditions: mechanical agitation, ratio of palm oil to glycerol 2：1，lipase content 8%, water content of glycerol 0%，reaction temperature 42℃ and reaction time 30h. At the same time，the results show that the ability of enzymatic hydrolysis reaction is strong compared to the enzymatic glycerine alcoholysis reaction. Secondly, the preparation of DG by enzymatic hydrolysis of palm oil under the mechanical agitation condition was studied. The optimum reaction conditions were got by single-factor experiments and they are as follows: ratio of palm oil to water 1∶, lipase content 6%, reaction temperature 42℃, reaction time 4h. The DG content in the yield was under the above conditions. Thirdly, the preparation of DG by enzymatic hydrolysis of palm oil in the ultrasonic field were studied. The optimum reaction conditions are as follows: ratio of palm oil to water 1∶, Lipase content 6%, reaction temperature 37℃, Ultrasonic power 50W and the reaction time 2h. The DG content in the yield was under the above words: Diacylglycerol(DG);Lipase;Glycerine Alcoholysis;Hydrolysis;Ultrasound 目 录1 绪论 1 前言 1 双甘酯的组成、结构与功能 1 双甘酯的组成与结构 1 双甘酯的生理功能 2 双甘酯的应用 3 双甘酯在食品添加剂中的应用 3 双甘酯在医药中的应用 4 双甘酯在化妆品中的应用 4 其他应用 4 双甘酯的各种制备方法 5 双甘酯的化学制备方法 5 双甘酯的酶法制备 6 双甘酯各种制备方法的特点分析 8 双甘酯的分析方法 9 超声波及其在酶促反应中的应用 10 超声波 10 超声波工作原理 11 超声波在酶促反应中的应用 12 课题研究内容 132 测定方法 14 样品制备 14 羟基值的测定 14 乙酰化试剂的配置 14 测定步骤 14 单甘酯的含量测定 14 游离甘油含量测定 15 游离脂肪酸的含量测定 15 双甘酯的含量 16 甘三酯的含量 163 酶促棕榈油甘油醇解、水解制备双甘酯 17 试验材料与仪器 18 试验材料 18 试验仪器 18 试验方法 18 酶促甘油醇解反应 18 酶促水解反应 19 结果与讨论 19 酶促甘油醇解反应影响因素 19 酶促水解反应影响因素 20 （1）反应时间对双甘酯产率的影响 20 （2）加酶量对双甘酯产率的影响 20 （3）反应温度对双甘酯产率的影响 21 （4）底物摩尔比对双甘酯产率的影响 22 结论 234 超声场中酶促水解制备双甘酯 24 试验材料与仪器 24 试验材料 24 试验仪器 24 试验方法 25 结果与讨论 25 超声功率对双甘酯产率的影响 25 超声场与机械搅拌条件对比 26 结论 275 结论与展望 28 结论 28 存在的问题与展望 28参考文献 29Abstract 31 致 谢 32以上回答来自:
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