中日贸易毕业论文

近几年来，当中日经贸关系渐趋佳境之际，双边的政治关系却进一步滑向冷淡的深渊，其间的反差逾来逾大，几乎到了如不对政治局面加以改善，经济关系也难以为继的地步。中日关系一直是一个敏感的话题。相当多的国人谈起日本就咬牙切齿，愤愤不平。那么究竟是那方面的问题导致中日关系处成当下局面，我们又应如何正确看待和处理中日关系呢？下面就我个人的观点，浅谈我对中日关系的看法。一、 中日关系的现状1、不断发展的两国经贸关系。在整个中日关系中，经济合作占有中心地位，对于整个中日关系具有特别重要的意义。从现状看，中日两国互为最重要的经济合作伙伴之一。在贸易方面，日本已连续11年保持为中国最大的贸易伙伴；对日本来说，中国也是位居前列的重要贸易伙伴之一。回顾战后以来中日关系发展的历史，人们可以看到，经济合作推动了整个中日关系改善。在漫长的历史年代，贸易合作通过民间渠道不断得到加强，促进了政治和文化领域关系的发展，最终经过了长期积累得到了加强，促进了政治和文化领域关系的发展，并最终促成了中日关系的正常化。70年代两国关系正常化以后，在第一个关键时期，经济关系，尤其是其中的贸易往来都起到巨大作用，推动中日关系健康发展。即使在中日两国之间出现政治方面的交涉，甚至面临十分严峻的局面时，经济合作也在不断发展，并且成为改善两国关系的重要因素。但是两国经济关系的加深未必就提高了两国政府和国民之间的相互信赖度，事实证明，经济上的相互依赖只是两国关系稳定发展的必要条件，但不是充分条件。因为其间还存有政治关系的"反弹力"。2、陷入迟滞的中日政治关系。这一点最明显的标志就是近几年中日之间一直没实现国家元首或政府首脑的互访，这对于两个近在咫尺的国家来说是不正常的。两国间最大的政治障碍是历史问题，正如一位学者所说，两国之间的战争虽然早已结束，但是这份沉重的历史遗产却一代又一代传了下来，长期的战争状态粉碎了中日两个民族自古以来形成的相互师从、相互仰慕的美好感情与和平氛围，民族情绪开始发生历史逆转。这种逆转对后来中日关系造成的影响，其程度之深刻，时间之持久，范围之广泛，无论怎样估计也不为过分。与历史问题相伴而来的还有两国在台湾问题、领土问题以及日美安保问题等分歧。这一系列原则分歧的存在，再加上近年数起具体事件的发生，如参拜靖国神社问题。二、中日关系的症结1、两强并起。在亚洲，中日两国的综合国力都在上升过程中，是未来世界多极化格局中不可忽视的力量。日本迟早要成为政治大国，这与中国成为经济大国同样是不可避免的趋势。中日两国在告别了"一强一弱"的时代后必须适应相互容忍和接受对方。要是彼此把对方看做是威胁自己的对手，试图联合其它力量牵制对方，那就势必会导致危险的对抗，从而危害亚太地区的和平与稳定，而如果认为对方是与自己既相互竞争，又相互合作相互与促进的伙伴，就有可能构筑起新型的双边关系的格局，进而为亚太地区乃至于整个世界的和平与稳定作出贡献。中日经济关系正处于重大转折，即日本经济从占绝对优势正转变到相对优势。这一过渡将维持一个时期，两国间矛盾也就会不断地冒出来。日本的宽容度会相对地缩小，中国的应对能力还有限，这样，容易使矛盾不必要地激化。2、中日两国间政治磨擦因素和大众传媒的片面报道，不仅阻碍着两国增进相互理解，而且不断制造出新的相互误解乃至相互敌对的情绪。体制与意识形态的差异以及西方文化影响的不对称性也将对中日共同文化基础产生抵消作用。近年来中日两国国民之间出现了所谓"感情摩擦"，以致围绕对华政策的日本国内政治形势十分微妙，甚至连经济界也不便将希望发展日中经济关系的"心里话"痛快地说出来。这种为政治的、情绪的因素而牺牲两国利益乃至整个东亚地区合作利益的倾向是十分可悲的。 3、日本的认识问题。日本目前的心理是复杂的，昔日煌达的经济如今深陷低迷，日本应该坦然承认和接受地区国家按照优势互补的原则在同一平台上进行竞争与合作的事实。日本要摆脱以下观念：（1）追求全球自由贸易，不参加地区歧视性经贸组织；（2）继续追求在东亚领头羊角色，维护东亚的垂直分工体系；（3）迫于国内政治的压力，为保选票，不敢开放国内某些脆弱领域；（4）回避历史，认为如果认罪有损日本形象。日本要勇敢于面对历史和现实，要成为一个正常的大国首先要以一个正常大国的姿态和度量行事，无论遇到什么阻障和困难，依然故我。只有这样，随着时间的推移，周边国家才能对你这种身份认同。三、在东亚经济合作中推动中日关系的进展经过多年的冲突与合作的磨合，中日两国都更加清楚地认识到，不论世界怎么变化，无论对方怎么发展，不论彼此间愿不愿意，两国相邻的地理位置是改变不了的；作为亚洲大国，两国对亚洲和平与安全的巨大影响是改变不了的；两国在地区经济中的相互依存关系是改变不了的。正是这些无法改变的客观存在，使两国之间不能不产生相互合作的必要与可能。这种合作是基于理性的而不是感情的，是现实的而不是理想主义的，是彼此需要的而不是一相情愿的。也正因为如此，这种共同的利益要求总是能够一次次战胜两国关系中出现的不和谐与不愉快，使几乎恶化的两国关系一次次化险为夷。 友好本来是在差异中克服、调整，在交流中互相理解、互相尊敬，才慢慢达成的境界。出于战略、策略之需，或者历史要素来演出友好气氛的手法已经太陈旧，太权宜，也太表面。中日之间其实存有友好的基石：一是两国的历史源远流长，文化具有亲和性；二是作为邻国，互相之间有确立安全保障的需要；三是在市场经济、自由贸易下，作为贸易对方国和伙伴，共同繁荣的需要。随着交流的深入，过去的问题尚未解决，新的问题又不断发生，"异"在两个国家之间碰撞。但是，这不是坏事，因为这种碰撞也是使事物回归正常位置的机会。真正的中日邦交正常化应该是真心与真心的碰撞后产生的，从这个意义上讲，中日间产生的磨擦给我们提供了问题研究的端结。 一般来说，外部因素对中日关系的影响的效果往往大于中日两国的直接互动的效果，这可能是中日关系中一个比较特殊的规律，我们沿着这个规律探讨中日关系的未来，关键可能还得从外部的整合入手，才能有效地解决中日关系的矛盾与问题。换言之，中日矛盾的解决并不在中日关系本身，而是在于双方是否具有战略眼光，首先致力于亚洲的整合，第一步当然是东亚地区的经济整合。 一方面，中日关系的最大希望在于推动东亚地区经济合作，东亚地区合作是中日化解历史恩怨、走出信任危机、克服安全困境、实现双赢的唯一出路。一方面地区合作的前途在很大程度上取决于中日关系的发展，因为中国和日本是东亚地区最具影响的两个国家；另一方面地区合作也有利于两国问题的解决，因为中日之间的很多问题在双边层次上难以消溶，但是，中日都参与地区合作，这就为两国的交往提供了更大的空间，除了有利于两国建立信任之外，地区合作机制也可以成为减轻国内压力的积极因素，为领导人做出改善两国关系的努力提供更大余地。 另一方面，东亚经济合作的成功也离不开中国和日本。中国的人口占东亚人口60％以上，而日本的国内生产总值占东亚60％以上。东亚联合要求中日合作，不能排除任何一方。如果日本与中国最终走向对立，将会改变整个东亚的战略形势，并使这种形势向着有不利于中国的方向发展。如果中日关系仅仅停留在经济层面上，无法在政治层面上获得突破，那么中日经济合作也可能走向"泡沫经济合作"。事实上，这样的动向已经显现了。日本开始寻找下一个替代中国的市场。日本技术和投资转向印度、俄罗斯可能将是不可避免的。 那么中国和日本怎样才能在东亚区域内进行比较好的合作呢？首先，日本必须鼓起勇气面对过去的罪行。它必须明白，一个国家如果不能清除内在的邪恶，那么无论它多么努力都不可能成为"正常"国家。因为，一个国家的形象不是单靠自己想象出来的，还必须在与他国的互动中得到确认。因此，日本得向德国学习，实施一种官方的"和解"政策，以成功地和过去的受害国达成和解。只有到那个时候，日本才可能被视为亚洲事务的天然领袖，并与中国及其它东亚国家建立更具建设性的关系。 其次，也是比较重要的的一点是：日本和中国都要放弃在东亚获得特殊主导地位的幻想:它们谁都不行。东亚地区有太多外部势力介入，没有哪个东亚国家能单独左右这个地区。所以，这两个国家必须明白，竞争东亚主导权不仅会浪费掉宝贵的资源，还会白白失去宝贵的时间—－虽然它们争相促进贸易自由化和地区一体化本身可能是件好事。在东亚经济合作的过程中，中日两国要极力摆脱争夺领导权的思维，而以东盟为主导先建立合作机制。领导权并不是拼命争来的，而是一个自然发展的过程，领导权的争夺的结果只能是两败俱伤。未来的亚洲不可能是中国的亚洲或日本的亚洲，只能是联合的亚洲，亚洲的中国和亚洲的日本。中日的和解与合作又将大大推动东亚联合的事业。其实中国从未欲与日本争夺主导权,而且这也并非仅取决于主观意愿,而是由客观条件决定的。中国与日本的经济具有很强的互补性而非竞争性,两家联手才能支撑东亚的合作。

Sino-Japan Trade Relations The bilateral trade between China and Japan amounted to US$236 billion in 2007, reflecting an increase of percent compared with the previous year, 33 times over the trade volume at the beginning of the reform and opening up. This vast volume and fast growth took place amid China’s accession into the World Trade Organization at the end of 2001 and increased trade disputes between the two countries, not to mention recurrent foreign exchange rate fluctuations in international currency markets and somehow intensified fears in Japan of China’s enhanced competitiveness. Given this background, it is of interest to speculate on what future prospects will be for the two neighbors’ economic relations, and in particular, what has been special in their bilateral economic relations as well as what challenges lie ahead for them. I. Characteristics of Sino-Japanese Trade Bilateral diplomatic relations between the People’s Republic of China and Japan were normalized in 1972, shortly after the United States President Richard Nixon visited Beijing but well before the normalization of relations in 1979. During the year immediately prior to Sino-Japanese diplomatic normalization, the two countries’ bilateral trade stood at about 900 million dollars, approximately 4 percent of China’s total external trade at the time. Normalization was quickly followed by a sharp rise in China’s imports of Japanese goods, first mainly of textile goods and various machinery tools, and later of household electronics, cars and light trucks, etc. Sino-Japanese relations made considerable progress in the 1980s. Only a few years after China’s reform and opening in 1978, Japanese brands of TV sets and cars flooded into Chinese markets, and ordinary Chinese consumers began to taste the products of western materialism. Surges in Chinese imports of Japanese goods, through various means and channels of trade, led China to accumulate serious trade deficits and to draw on her official foreign exchange reserves. This ultimately resulted in substantial Chinese currency devaluations throughout the 1980s. The growth of China’s external trade dipped in 1989-1990 perhaps mainly due to various non-economic reasons, but the bilateral trade with Japan continued to expand at a steady rate. In 1993 Japan surpassed Hong Kong to become Chinese Mainland’s largest trade partner, by official Chinese statistics, and it has remained so ever since. Overall, between 1990 and 2002, the growth of bilateral trade between China and Japan in dollar terms averaged percent per annum, exceeding that of China’s total external trade over the same period (15 percent). From 2000 to 2007, annual foreign trade volume increased by 16 percent. The fact that the growth in bilateral trade between China and Japan since the early 1990s has been rapid and more or less steady (except briefly for 1997-98), appears somehow unusual or even puzzling. First, during many of the years of the period, the Japanese economy and Japan’s overall external trade had slowed down significantly compared to the 1980s. Second, as the Asian financial crisis hit many of the economies and their intraregional trade hard, bilateral trade between China and Japan suffered only a slight setback, if any, during the turbulent two years of 1997-98. Third, when the Japanese yen witnessed significant depreciations vis-à-vis the US dollar whilst Chinese Yuan continued steady peg to the US dollar during 1998 and 2000, China’s Japanese imports/exports seemed not to have been reactive to the changes in the foreign exchange rates. In the case of 1998, China’s exports to Japan did decrease by a moderate amount (a 7 percent fall), which was nonetheless proportionally smaller than the overall falling level in Japan’s imports (an percent fall). In the case of 2000, China’s exports to Japan actually increased by a large amount, unscathed by any unfavorable moves in the currency markets. However, as long as the further appreciation of Chinese Yuan to US dollar, the pressure on exporting industry in China becomes more serious than ever before. These “unusuals” seem to suggest that there have been fundamental, structural driving forces behind the growth in the bilateral trade between China and Japan. Had Sino-Japanese economic relations been similar to other ordinary bilateral economic relations, a rather slower growth in the bilateral trade could have been expected instead. Moreover, even if (from a Chinese point of view) China’s economy and trade have achieved a high growth record, it remains to be wondered why China’s trade with Japan grew faster than her trade with the entire outside world since the early 1990s. II. The Sino-Japanese “Special Relationship” Right now, China has surpassed . to be the largest trade partner to Japan, and Japan means the third largest trade partner to China as well. At mean time, Japan is the largest importing origin country and the fourth largest exporting market of China. It should be kept in mind as always that both at the beginning of our reform and opening and presently after three decades of development, China was and still is in a catching-up process in relation to the developed world where Japan has long belonged. Over this period, both China and Japan have undergone a number of fundamental economic structural changes, and these have affected their trade and economic relations. What will be of interest to us here are the common or enduring factors that have been effective within the dynamics of interaction between demand and supply on each side of the two countries’ economic relations. We will look first at China’s demand for Japanese products and then at Japan’s demand for Chinese products. With a growing economy and an increasingly diversified trade partnership network throughout the 1990s, China’s demand for Japanese products had gradually moved into relatively high quality consumer goods and internationally price-competitive industrial goods. It is well-known that a breed of new domestic Chinese producers of electronics has emerged and has expanded their share in China’s domestic markets, resulting in a fall in the market shares that used to be enjoyed by certain Japanese brands. Yet Japanese manufacturers as a whole have been successful in investing in Research and Development, moving on to upscale markets, thus maintaining their competitiveness in the world manufacturing market as well as in China’s domestic market. On the other hand, the role of Japanese direct investment in China and Japan’s financial aid to China in promoting bilateral trade should also be noted. Throughout the 1990s Japan’s direct investment had been virtually invariably more than 10 percent of China’s FDI inflow in annual terms, though there had been some marked falls between 1997 and 2000. Moreover, Japanese direct investment in China has been relatively concentrated in manufacturing, which is believed to have a stronger effect in generating trade linkages between the two countries than otherwise. Japan had been investing in China during the early 1990s, and trade decreased during the late 1990s, but resurged at the millennium. The resurgence might have been because of the prospect of China becoming a part of the World Trade Organization (WTO). “By 2001 China’s international trade was the sixth-largest in the world” and over the next several years it is expected to be just under Japan, the fourth largest. Up to December, 2007, the real invest from Japan to China accumulated to US$ billion. Japan turns to the second largest investing origins to China. Japan’s financial aid to China (first begun with the diplomatic normalization in the 1970s), mainly through government-to-government channels, has totaled some US$20 billion in the form of lending on favorable terms, together with some additional US$2 billion mainly in the form of technical assistance. Japan is the largest provider of financial aid to China. The role of this financial aid has been significantly positive and multifaceted in China’s development process, and it has certainly helped the growth of bilateral trade. Since 1995 Japan has been taking a very proactive role in using WTO law to challenge its dominant trade partners, the United States. But its emphasis on a rule-based approach is not only relegated to the United States. In fact, it promises also to spill over into trade disputes with key partners in Asia where, for historical, reasons Japan has had trouble taking confrontational stances. This is particularly true for the case for China, which is widely perceived as the rising economic power that poses a direct challenge to Japan across a number of critical and sensitive economic issues. This paper focuses specifically on the interplay between WTO law and politics as Japan seeks to deal with China across a number of trade issues and trade relations boast great growth potential and the two sides should make more efforts to push economic cooperation in more and Japan have made much headway in terms of bilateral trade in the past 30 years, when their bilateral trade volume expanded, with more types of goods traded, and they have played an increasingly important role in each other's trade is China's third largest trade partner and the fourth largest export destination while China replaced the US in July to become the No 1 export destination of Japan. The volume of bilateral trade jumped to $236 billion last year from a meager $ billion in 1978, a 48-fold increase. During this time, China had a trade deficit with Japan for most of the , Sino-Japanese trade growth still lags behind that of China's overall trade. In 1978, Sino-Japanese trade accounted for percent of China's total trade while last year it had shrunk to less than 11 percent. Unwelcome as it is, it also shows that bilateral trade still has great potential to expand has supported China's economic development through yen loans and grants. By the end of last year, Japan had committed to a total of $30 billion to China for financing 255 $ billion has been earmarked in grants to help China's social causes, such as education and poverty Chinese President Hu Jintao said in a speech during his visit to the Waseda University in May: "The Japanese government has played a positive role in China's modernization drive by making Japanese yen loans in support of China's infrastructure construction, environmental protection, energy development and scientific and technological advancement."Japan also benefits from its yen loans for China. Through the yen loans, it can ensure imports of Chinese resources, provide more opportunities for its enterprises to export to and invest in the Chinese market. Japanese enterprises, for example, have had much more investment in such places as the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and areas surrounding Bohai Sea. They used to invest mainly in Dalian, Liaoning Sino-Japan economic cooperation deepens, the market has replaced government as the major driving force for bilateral trade and investment growth. The yen loans have been earmarked for projects in more fields, such as environment since 1996, and Chinese enterprises have expanded investment in Japan, with some listed in the Japanese stock those achievements, the two countries need to strengthen cooperation in sectors of mutual concern, such as energy saving and environment. Japanese enterprises are not very active in technological transfers owing to IPR concerns. They have transferred mainly low-end technologies to the Chinese government is enhancing IPR protection, it is advisable for Japanese enterprises to enter China to have the "first-mover" advantage in future cooperation. Meanwhile, the prices of technological transfers are often too high for Chinese firms to afford, which is also a hurdle for technology trade between the two two sides should also enhance cooperation between Japanese small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and Chinese businesses through such moves as establishing a "Japan SME Park". The China Association of International Trade is now setting up a system to help products of Japanese SMEs to enter the Chinese is of interest to speculate on what future prospects will be for the two neighbors’ economic relations, and in particular, what has been special in their bilateral economic relations as well as what challenges lie ahead for them. Had Sino-Japanese economic relations been similar to other ordinary bilateral economic relations, a rather slower growth in the bilateral trade could have been expected instead. Moreover, even if (from a Chinese point of view) China’s economy and trade have achieved a high growth record, it remains to be wondered why China’s trade with Japan grew faster than her trade with the entire outside world since the early 1990s.这是我以前写论文时候找的材料，你按照题目找找吧，希望能有点用

你说的很好，，：中日经贸关系 现状 问题 对策。要注意根源，现时是不能很好的解决的。比如说人员的交流要加大（青年的）文化的交流也很重要。思想不同想法就不同想法不同做事就不同做事不同就有分歧。有分歧就不和，，，如发展下去就会加深二国的人民不和不知能帮到你吧，这是我的想法和现时要做的。。