奶牛肢蹄病的论文

Abstract: claudication disease is a disease often cows, there are the more common cause of traumatic, bacterial, viral or by malnutrition and other reasons. Not only affect the normal feeding and management, but also lead to the production performance of dairy cows decreased significantly; if not handled properly will even cause the cow culling. Since the cow hoofdisease causes complex, high incidence rate, longer course of disease,cure is difficult, has the serious influence on the performance and service life of production. Therefore, the disease has caused great economiclosses to the dairy industry. Through this experiment, 5 claudicationevaluation method, one of Heilongjiang large-scale dairy farm were limpevaluation. Analysis of the influence of rearing environment andmanagement measures of cow : claudication evaluation, hoof disease, feeding and management

仅供参考：An Investigation into the Situations of Lameness Disease in a Scaleful Diary Farm in Helongjiang ProvcinceSummary: Lameness is a common disease among milk cows that is caused by external injuries, bacterial or virus infections, or mal-nutrition. Lameness not only affects milk cows with their breeding and management, but also significantly lowers their productivity. If not dealt with propertly, milk cows with lameness may eventually be laid off. However, limping diseases of a milk cow have complicated causes, higher rates of incidence, longer course, and are often hard to cure, which then seriously affects the milk cow's productivity and life. As a result, such disease can cause huge economic loss to diary cattle industry. By using a 5-grade lameness evaluation method, an experiment was carried out at a scaleful diary farm in Heilongjiang Province, in an effor to analyze the impact of ranching environment and management measures towards lameness of cows. Keywords: Lameness evaluation, limping disease, breeding management

1、病原菌，该病多由节瘤拟杆菌和坏死厌气丝杆菌引起。节瘤拟杆菌能产生蛋白酶，消化角质，使蹄的表面及基层易受侵害，其在坏死厌气丝杆菌、坏死梭杆菌等病菌的协同作用下，可引起明显的腐蹄病损害。此外化脓性棒状杆菌和其他化脓性细菌、结节状拟杆菌、产黑色素类杆菌、脆弱类杆菌、坏死杆菌，螺旋体、粪弯杆菌、梭杆菌、球菌、酵母菌及其他一些条件性致病菌也是引起腐蹄病的病原。2、季节，夏秋季因饲喂青绿多汁饲料，牛粪稀、尿多，潮湿环境适合病原菌生长，易使蹄部皮肤疏松、角质变软而发病。另外，奶牛经过6、7、8月的高温高湿气候后，体质下降，蹄部易发生病变，故该病夏秋季节发病率较高。

肢蹄是奶牛重要的支柱器官。由于蹄具有坚实的角质趾壳，因此具有保护知觉部和支持体重的功能。奶牛肢、蹄的健康，是实现高产，保证稳产的有力保证。历年来，由于饲养管理上的忽视，使蹄病的发病率居高不下，成为危害奶牛生产的三大疾病之一。 日粮中无论缺钙还是缺磷，无论是高钙低磷还是高磷低钙，都容易导致钙磷代谢障碍，从而引起奶牛肢蹄病。

锌是许多金属酶类和激素如胰岛素的组成部分，与皮肤的健康有关，蹄是皮肤的衍生物，日粮中缺锌，影响蹄角化，容易发生腐蹄病。 维生素D不足或活性下降时，引起钙、磷代谢障碍。某些曲霉菌素中毒会干扰维生素D的活性，即使钙、磷充足也不能被很好利用，以致引发奶牛肢蹄病。粗饲料特别是干草品质低劣，也是引发奶牛肢蹄病的重要原因之一。

日粮结构不合理，精饲料尤其是碳水化合物过多，易引起奶牛瘤胃乳酸中毒并继发蹄叶炎。畜舍小环境及饲养管理：地面的质量对奶牛的肢蹄影响很大。由于地面太硬，奶牛站立时地面没有缓冲，再加上自身重量大，极易造成四肢疲劳。坚硬的水泥地面，还会加重肢蹄与地面的磨擦，造成奶牛肢蹄挫伤而发生感染。而运动场低洼、潮湿、泥泞，加上粪便未及时清理，容易造成奶牛蹄底感染，导致腐蹄病发生。

加强饲养管理，保证日粮均衡：根据奶牛的泌乳阶段进行分群饲养，配置各种符合奶牛需要的日粮，能量与蛋白质含量应适当，尤其要注意精粗饲料的比例，避免突变饲料或饲喂精料过多，确保干草等饲料的供给。孕期奶牛不要喂得过肥。为了保证奶牛瘤胃pH值为，可以在奶牛饲料中添加缓冲剂。要让奶牛经常运动，尤其是处在产前和产后期的奶牛。

应该注意卫生问题，而且也是因为饲养员的饲养不当导致蹄角质发育不良，所以这个时候应该选择一些药，对症下药，而且也应该选择一些生物素来摄入。

可以采用蹄浴的方法来进行治疗，抑制病情。还可以通过手术或者药物的治疗方法来进行，这样的方法见效快。