福尔萝卜丝
Western novels in comparison First, Western novels in the history of the development of Western novels are based on myths and legends of its origin. In ancient times, science developed, out of fear of nature, the working people out of the imagination is the key to many of the world "God", describing the personification of God is a myth; who will describe the deified, that is legend. China opened the world's Pan story, the story of San Juan Five Emperors, the West Greek mythology, Roman mythology, Norse mythology, and so on are all typical works. East and West, the original novel, is closely linked with the history, as historical records complement the event. China Pre-Qin prose in the fable, the Han dynasty in the history books, biographies, the Wei and Jin Zhi, Zhi-person novel; the West of ancient Babylon, "the United States and Ji Jia disabilities epic", in ancient Greece, "Homer's epic," "Aesop's Fables "And so on, fall into this category, fiction, novels such novels have been about the characteristics of fiction, it is still not the literary creation, directly from the private collection record, so this type of fiction plot is relatively simple, writing rough comparison. Ban Gu said, "On the Street Lane words, hearsay are made of" is a novel kind of accurate assessment of the image. China's Tang Dynasty, the novel is only from history and literature become a creativity. Tang Dynasty culture has developed, the author's ideas are more open, the legend came into being at this time, Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan", Po Chu's "Everlasting Regret," Wolf's "Everlasting Regret Chuan" And so on, are made in accordance with the creation of the legend. For the fictional story of the Tang Dynasty more emphasis on imagination and literary talent, not just the history of the nature of things, but as the history of Zhi Zhi who is also the novel did not stop. The Legend of the Song Dynasty to the novel on a gradual decline, which followed the rise of this so that after processing will become a scholar so many novel and Romance novels such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Outlaws of the Marsh", "Journey to the West." The author of such novels is the use of private creative and re-created to describe the circumstances of the touching scenes of brilliant and vivid active in shaping the character known, there are obvious story-telling style of language. Here by the redevelopment, it will become an independent literary creation rather than things to come together with the civil process, the representative of this type is the "Golden Lotus", it was an open and ordinary life on the road, the reality is that literature has come a long way The development of the latter's "A Dream of Red Mansions" in ancient China Geng Shiba realism to the novels of the summit. "54" after the novelist began to learn from China's western fiction writing practices, and gradually out a new path. Western novels, is the "Renaissance" after the rapid development of mature. The development of the Middle Ages novel near-stagnation in the West, 14, the end of the century "Renaissance" to overthrow the literature of the Church of control, 15, appeared in the western end of the century to promote freedom of thought and the liberation of personality in order to describe the reality of life and portray characters from all walks of life for the content of the Humanist novels, is to tie in with this type of novel anti-feudal Europe at the time of arising at the same time it also set the novel in the West to human describing the tone of the main things. Jiaqiu Italy's "Decameron", Spain's Cervantes "Don Quixote" is the kind of representative works of fiction. The resulting novel is a classical, elegant favor of its national language to standardize the writing of this novel in 17th century France's most well-developed. As a note on behalf of Corneille's "Cid" neoclassical story of the rise of Western novels have been a language substantially improved. The beginning of the 18th century to promote popular science knowledge, enlightenment of the public consciousness for the purpose of the Enlightenment novels, of which there are relatively well-known German Goethe's "Faust", the United Kingdom Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and the Swift "Gulliver's Travels" and so on, this type of novel to the emergence of the bourgeois revolution at the time to mold public opinion. In the 19th century, romantic fiction, realistic novels and critical realism novel turn to occupy the leading position in the field of fiction. Romantic novels, such as France Victor Hugo's "Notre Dame de Paris", Goethe's "juvenile Witt of trouble" and so on, imaginative, unusual ideas, language and imaginative, strong feelings. Efforts to reflect the reality of the novel is the essence of life, and depict typical life of a typical phenomenon in the United Kingdom Dickens, France and Germany are of such novels as a representative of the writer. Critical realism novels exposed the efforts of the decadent feudal system and capitalist society, the dark, in-depth criticism of the reality of evil, France Balzac and Maupassant, the United Kingdom of Charlotte, Bronte,. Russia's Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, the United States of a large number of writers such as Mark Twain's works belong to this category. Value today, the three novels in the West is still the most important of the three types of literary fiction. East-West novel on the history of the development of more or less the case. Second, the characteristics of the novel in the West In addition to the basic characteristics of the novel, the story of the West also have their own characteristics are as follows: 1, the traditional Chinese novel attention to the characters, language and the details of the description, in contradiction to the conflict to display the images, but the character of a single, small changes in the absence of the main flu. Western novels are more people pay attention to the psychological description, stressed that mining figure in the subconscious mind, good at writing full, the changes in the strong sense of the main characters. Again, "coach Lin Feng Snow Mountain Temple" in the figure is only through dialogue and action leads to contradictions and conflicts, but Anna Karenina Wogui before a series of conflicts only with his description of the psychological will be able to express their clear; for poetry in Lin In the performance of her literary talent, and Paul with his inner monologue of the ideal; Zhang Zhong-Yong has only the character, but Jane Eyre's character is the brave, strong, warm, kind-hearted, and so many of the character and rubbing and Cheng's. In short, people in the area described in the West has its own unique features. 2, China compared with Western fiction novel plot twists and turns more and more complete story. Plot twists and turns, the story is complete fiction China's unique traditional arts. The Wei and Jin Zhi Zhi people on the novel twists and turns with vivid characteristics. Tang legend in the layout of many of the famous, magnificent anomaly, rigorous and clever, dramatic plot development. The contents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties novels scattered irregular, undulating waves, Cuoluoyouzhi, careful structure, an integral whole. "A Dream of Red Mansions", everywhere She Fu, Hui turning point, the story of Jia's best writing. Western plot in respect of the outstanding works, although there are many, but it can not be compared with the Chinese novel. 3, concise and lively Chinese language novel, rich in content and rich Western novels. Chinese folk artists absorbed the novel language, at the same time inherited the fine traditions of ancient prose, often a few words will be able to outline the incident or the people. Western novels in the author includes a broad range of knowledge, involve the community in many ways, so rich in content and rich people can gain knowledge in many areas. Engels said he was in Balzac's novel about 19th century France's domestic situation than he received any reports are more. Western novels have different characteristics, and also in the West different aesthetic concepts to a certain extent related. 4, Western novels have been the rule of the feudal culture of oppression destroyed. Chinese feudal culture makes the development of the novel is extremely difficult, Ming and Qing Dynasties more people to write stories for shame, so many great writers living, creating the conditions are not covered, many of the great works of authors who do not know. Western novels in the feudal culture makes almost the whole of the Middle Ages in the development of extremely slow, and many talented writers were forced to church services, wrote some of the religious nature of the article dry hole. Third, Western novels in the future prospects for the development of End of the Qing Dynasty, China and the West have begun to understand the other side of the system, the advantages of the novel in the West have been constantly learn from each other. Of course, due to historical reasons, the Chinese side of the draw a little more. To this day, the novelist in the West efforts are still two researchers in the novel's artistic charm, although the different languages of each other's appreciation of the arts to a certain extent, but the United States are interlinked. We have every reason to believe that in the near future, the novel art in the West will ultimately learn from each other and integrate, develop and reach new artistic heights. References: "Foreign Literature" Shanghai Translation Publishing House Zhou Xu Liang "Contemporary Literature election," Zhang Zhong, such as Beijing University Publishing House "Chinese literature history of the development of" Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Liu Jie "Literary History of Europe" People's Literature Publishing House Yangzhou Han Wu Da-yuan Zhao Rui radish "Three high school language textbook used by the five dates of the" People's Education Press仅供参考，请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。
贵州米粉
一、引言文化，这两种孕育自不同半球的文化，由于历史、地理环境、生产制度等方面的原因，有着极大的差异，截然不同的特色。这两种文化差异，一直备受关注。随着全球化的到来，全世界各民族间商业交流往来的日益频繁，了解中西方文化价值差异可以更好促进民族间经济、文化交流与沟通，从而避免所引起的不必要的误会和麻烦，导致的文化休克（culture shock）或交际失败（communication failure）。而语言是文化的载体，是文化的一部分，很大程度上反映了文化。谚语作为“民族文化之明镜”，来自于生活，更深刻地反映了民族文化特色，体现了人们的生产生活、思想观念、文化取向，具有持久的生命力、广泛的通俗性、生动的口语化的特点。英国著名学者培根曾说过：“The genius, wit and spirit of a nation are discovered in its proverbs.”（一个民族的天才、智慧和精神，都可以在其谚语中发现。）本文将从汉英谚语入手谈谈中西文化在地理环境、宗教信仰、历史、文学传统、民族性格、思想观念等方面的差异。二、 地理环境文化是在一定的自然环境里生发出来的。人们所生存的不同环境势必影响人们的生活、生产方式，影响人们对客观外界的观察与思考。人们以通俗形象的语言来讲述自己的生活体验，描述自然现象，总结生产实践，概括生产经验。这些语言口口相传，千锤百炼，成为大家喜闻乐诵的谚语。这些谚语必然反映出自然环境的不同特征，带有鲜明的地域文化和生态文化的色彩。英国是个岛国，四面环海，海岸线曲折多变，港湾楔入，岛屿众多。这样的自然环境给英国人提供了舟楫之便。人们在长期的航运渔业生活中，创造出数以百计的英语谚语，反映他们对生活及大自然的体验和观察。如：There’s as good fish in the sea as ever come out of it.有了大海，还怕没鱼。No fishing like fishing in the sea.捕鱼要到大海。Who will not be ruled by the rudder must be ruled by the rock.船离舵，要闯祸。A dog in the morning,sailors take warning; a dog in the night is the sailors’ delight.朝虹出天际，水手心事重，夜间见彩虹，水手乐哈哈。He goes a great voyage that goes to bottom of the sea.到达海底的人，才算做了一次远航。特殊的地理环境形成了特有的岛国气候。英国气候潮湿，天气变化大，岛上晴天少，雨天多，且多阵雨，因此，英国人出门常带把雨伞。由于英国天气变化无常的缘故，英国人非常关心天气，也喜欢谈论天气，并因此而产生了许多关于天气的谚语[1](P85)：April weather, rain and shine both together.一边日出一边雨，晴雨无常四月天。An English summer, three(or two)hot days and a thunderstorm.英国的一个夏季，三（两）个热天一阵大雷雨。A misty morning may have a fine day.早晨有雾露，可能是晴天。When the wind’s in the west, the weather’s at the best.风从西方起，天气最佳丽。而处于另一个半球的中国则有着不同的地理自然风貌，中华文明发源于长江黄河流域，中国自古是典型的农耕社会，人们过着自给自足的农耕生活，农业是国民经济的重要支柱，农业在历代政府中都受到极大的重视。因此产生了许多与农业相关的谚语。如：庄稼百样巧，地是无价宝。 人勤地不懒，勤奋谷仓满。 田里无神无鬼，全靠肥料土水。 庄稼老汉不知闲，放下锄头拿扁担。 农夫不种田，城里断炊烟。 田像一块铁，在于人来打。[2]（P240-241）我国的天气谚语，从量上、质上，以及悠久的历史传统上，值得称道。如“灶烟往下埋，不久雨就来”、“春天孩儿脸，一日变三变”、“太阳颜色黄，明日大风狂”、“久晴大雾必阴，久雨大雾必晴”、“夜里星光明，明朝仍旧晴”等等。[1]（P85）三、 特定历史每个民族都以不同的方式在人类历史的画卷中写着自己特定的历史。从谚语中可以一窥历史风云变化。英国从十六世纪开始发展资本主义，经济迅速发展并逐渐开始迅速向海外扩张，掠夺资本主义原料，进行资本主义的原始积累。Shoe-maker’s wife goes bare feet.这句谚语正是出自于十六世纪资本主义新兴时期，小资本家拼命发家致富，属于手工业者的鞋匠们为积攒钱财，竟然连给妻子买鞋穿的钱都不舍得花。十七世纪起英国在东印度扩张，十八世纪中叶建立殖民统治。He came safe from the East –India, and was drowned in the Thames.他从东印度安然归来，却淹死于泰晤士河。[3]（P79）英国历史上曾遭到多次其他国家的入侵。罗马统治期间，社会生活罗马化，拉丁语是官方、法律、商业和法律用语。丹麦人侵占期间，丹麦语也传入英国。1066年法国诺曼底登陆后，英国为法国所征服。 法语很长时期成为英国的官方语言，贵族、朝臣、地主和上流社会都使用法语，如当时的英国国王爱德华是完全不会说英语的国王，因此有英谚云：Jack would be a gentleman if he could speak French.要是杰克能讲法语，那他就是个绅士了。而三种语言交配混合到英语中，充实了英语语言，也带来了许多拉丁语、法语谚语。[1]（P84）Anger is a short madness .愤怒是短暂的疯狂。（拉丁语）Art is long, life is short. 艺术是无限，生命是有限的。（拉丁语）All roads leads to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。（法语）He that is afraid of asking is ashamed of learning. 怕问者耻于学。（丹麦语）而在中国的历史长河中，秦始皇于公元前221年统一中国，从此中国进入了漫长的封建社会。广大劳动人民深受压迫和剥削，生活于水深火热之中，而统治阶级却过着穷奢极欲的生活。[4]（P50）有许多汉谚就反映了这一点。
夏雨落荷塘
中西方文化差异背景下英语翻译技巧论文
摘要： 文化同语言之间具有密切的关系, 而翻译是语言活动的重要方式, 文化因素影响较为深刻。各民族之间的语言交流其是指为民族文化的交流, 而民族文化差异和语言结构差异加大了英语翻译难度。本研究重点分析了翻译与文化之间的关系和中西方文化差异背景下英文翻译常见误区, 并介绍了几种常见的翻译技巧, 仅供参考。
关键词 ：中西方; 文化差异; 英语翻译; 技巧;
翻译并不是单纯地转换语言文字, 而是一种跨文化交际行为。不同民族之间历史背景、文化传统、风俗民情等方面差异较大, 所以我们应了解中西文化差异, 找到中西文化适当的切入点, 灵活运用翻译技巧, 以此来避免翻译误区, 使得翻译出来的语句更贴近原文意思。
一、翻译与文化之间的关系
(一) 翻译概述
具体而言, 翻译是将一种语言文字的意义转换为另一种语言文字。换言之, 翻译是借助不同的语言文字再现原话者的准确意思的一种艺术形式。在翻译的过程中, 为了翻译准确, 不可随意增减。翻译人员的职责在于转换文字, 但是不得改变其原意。所以, 表达性和准确性是翻译的两种重要要素。表达性则是确保文字容易被世人所理解, 准确性则是翻译的基础必要条件[1]。
(二) 文化概述
目前为止, 文化尚未被准确定义, 十九世纪四十年代, 著名学者马克思和恩格斯尝试采用唯物主义重要观念, 将文化定义为其是人类物质生产活动的表达形式。我国现代人类学者则提出, 文化是指某一特定人群的活动、感觉、思维与打扮的所有方式。
(三) 翻译与文化之间的关系
文化活动包含了翻译。翻译有利于促进译语文化的发展, 同时受到译语文化的影响。在人类交际活动中, 翻译扮演着重要角色, 处于领先地位。翻译有利于促进文化交流、丰富人类文化、构建精神文明国家。从微观层面而言, 翻译又有利于提高我们专业素质、文化修养, 确保职业生涯顺利实现, 使得我们使用和学习外语的能力提高。
二、东西文化差异背景下英文翻译常见误区
(一) 拼写错误
分析我国公共场所英语标识语翻译得知, 拼写错误屡见不鲜, 只要稍微具有英语能力的人都能轻而易举地发现拼写错误, 这是一种最低级的错误。例如, “厕所”的准确翻译为Toilet, 然而实际生活中, 人们普遍将其翻译为Tolet、Tolleet。
(二) 汉语拼音代替英译
若我们对城市的各个街道予以仔细的观察, 可以发现随处都存在利用汉语拼写来对英语翻译予以替代的状况。比如, 将“长安街”翻译为Chang’an JIE。通常情况下, 在对纯地名予以翻译的过程中需要采取汉语拼音来替代, 通用名著需要采取直译或者意译, 以便于外国友人能够极其容易的就弄懂标识语的具体含义。例如, 对于外国友人而言, “长安街”直接翻译中的JIE完全不懂意思, 然而如果翻译成Chang’an Avenue, 这种翻译不仅满足国际地名应用标准, 还有助于外国友人明白其中含义[2]。
(三) 忽视语气
在各个公共场所, “禁止入内”的标识语言随处可见, 对于中国人而言, 对这种语言已经习以为常了, 但是深入品味, 这些标识语语气较为强硬, 命名感较为明显。英语中, “禁止”被翻译成Don’t, 但是这一翻译方式语气显得比较生硬。如“禁止喧哗”被翻译为Don’t make noise, 虽然不存在语法翻译错误的情况, 然而语气十分严厉。英语语气、语调比较委婉, 所以Don’t等类似生硬词语一般不会出现在公共场所。如果把“禁止喧哗”翻译为Quiet Please, 符合原意思, 人们比较容易接受。
三、东西方文化差异背景下英语翻译技巧
(一) 异化法
异化主要指的是将源语文化作为导向的一种翻译方式, 其注重对民族间存在的文化差异予以保留, 并且在译文的过程中能够体现出异域文化的语言风格以及文化特性等, 进而让译语文化的相关读者体会到出境感, 究其根本在于注重对形式的对等。总之, 异化翻译法具有以下特征如下:其一:对翻译目的语和语篇规范并未完全遵守;其二, 能够在适当的时机采用不通顺与难以理解的文本;其三, 对原文中的客观材料予以有效保留, 并巧妙运用目的语中常见的古词语;其四, 使得目的语阅读人员拥有一次“精彩、深刻的阅读历程”是该方法的主要目的[1]。
例如, 将汉语当中的“铁饭碗”一词直接翻译为iron rice bowl以及将“纸老虎”翻译为paper tiger。又或者在对“天有不测风云, 人有旦夕祸福”予以翻译的过程中, 著名翻译家戴乃迭夫妇以及杨宪益先生通过异化法将其翻译为:“Storms gather without warning in nature and bad luck befalls men overnight”, 而霍克斯通过归化法将其翻译为:“The weather and human life are both unpredictable”。对两种翻译方法予以比较可以得出, 异化法主要是对源语文化进行了保留, 这样能够对中国文化所具有的独特意象予以传达, 而归化法更容易理解但缺少了中国味道, 各有各的优势。有一家餐馆将Virtue作为名字, “味特优”是它的中文名。Virtue的主要含义为“美德、优点、善举”, 其能够体现中华民族在饮食方面具有的传统美德, 并且通过谐音的方式来对其进行翻译, 极易让消费者想象到喷香扑鼻的饭菜进而胃口大开, 是洋为中用的经典例子。
(二) 归化法
归化法主要指的是将信息接受作为核心, 译语文化作为导向的一种翻译方式[2]。该方式对译语文化能够有效接受的表达方式予以有效的利用, 让译语读者能够更加容易的去适应与了解译本。通常情况下归化翻译法主要涉及下面几个步骤:其一, 合理的选择能够满足归化翻译的相关文本;其二, 选择一种具有自然流畅特点的目的语文体;其三, 将译文整理成目的语语篇体裁;其四, 将解释性方面的'资料融入其中;其五, 去除原文当中的客观方面的相关材料;其六, 对原文与译文当中的特征和观念予以调协。例如著名汉学家霍克斯, 在对我们四大名著之一的《红楼梦》予以翻译的过程中, 考虑到英汉民族对“红”色存在着不同的联想, 进而刻意的去对“红”字予以回避, 将原书名《石头记》翻译为The Story of the Stone, 并采取归化的方式将“怡红院”翻译为The House of Green Delight。
(三) 音译法
针对一些英语词汇, 现实中难以找到一个比较恰当的汉语来表达表述其真实含义, 基于此, 采用音译法比较妥当。例如, Ad idas则可直接翻译成阿迪达斯, 按照其发音翻译比较困难。现实生活中, 很多国际品牌翻译均存在这一情况。我国文化历史悠久, 博大精深, 在英文互译过程中, 常常难以找到一个贴近的英语词汇表达其汉字意思, 基于此, 也可采用音译法。例如, “功夫”可翻译成Kongfu, 并为外国人所认可和推广。另外, Maotai” (茅台) 、“Tofu” (豆腐) 等词汇也是常见的音译法, 广泛流传于西方社会。
综上所述, 翻译同文化之间具有密切的关联。翻译并不是一味地转换语言层次, 更是不同文化之间的碰撞与交流[3]。难点并不是分析句子结构与语法, 而是因两种文化背景所引起的语言负迁移。互译过程实质上是努力克服文化障碍的过程, 然而语言是文化的重要载体, 其中蕴含了历史现象、社会现象等一系列社会范畴内容。因文化同语言之间不可分割, 在翻译前必须对各个国家的文化背景进行深入了解, 并采用针对性英语翻译技巧, 从而真正克服语言障碍, 更贴切地翻译出原文真实思想与内涵。
相关链接
在线翻译通常是指借助互联网的资源, 利用实用性极强、内容动态更新的经典翻译语料库, 将网络技术和语言精华完美结合, 为网民提供即时响应的在线翻译或者人工翻译服务。英语在线翻译即是指利用互联网技术提供的英语翻译服务。最常见的在线翻译由一些网站提供, 如Google翻译、百度翻译、有道翻译等等。引进了网上在线翻译工具这一最新高科技技术应用成果, 旨在介绍翻译理论和网上在线翻译的方法与技巧。全书共四章, 第一章介绍翻译的基本理论, 第二章介绍英汉翻译基本技巧, 第三章介绍机器翻译, 第四章介绍网上在线翻译的方法和技巧。本书在编写过程中遵循“授人于鱼不如授人于渔”的古训, 采取先实践、后理论的编排体系.根据大部分学习者急需在最快的时间内了解和掌握翻译基础知识、基本技能和常用的在线翻译方法这些实际需要和现状, 开门见山, 快刀直入, 使学习者迅速掌握在线翻译的方法和技巧。本书可供广大专业翻译人员、计算机翻译爱好者、与翻译活动相关的管理人员及工作人员阅读。
参考文献
[1]彭江涛.中西方文化差异背景下英语翻译技巧刍议[J].中外交流, 2017, (41) :140.
[2]方秋.东西方文化差异背景下英语翻译技巧[J].英语广场旬刊, 2017, (4) :50-51.
[3]张艺.供给侧结构性改革视域下高等职业院校创新创业教育浅析[J].知识经济, 2017, (12) :26-27.
小白贼黑
Abstract: Dress culture is a cultural phenomenon unique to human beings. As it has different aesthetic ideas, different dressing concepts and different dress etiquette in China and west, it forms Chinese and western dress culture of the different connotation and characteristics. This thesis is divided into four major sections. The first part describes the different features of Chinese and western dress and why people wear clothing. The second part describes cultural differences between Chinese and western clothing. The third part gives an analysis of Chinese and western dress culture. The last part describes Chinese and western dress aesthetic culture and dress concept. Based on the analysis, the thesis finally draws a conclusion. Chinese and western dress culture each has rich connotation and distinct characteristics, which are precious cultural legacy which is left by human ancestors and are the world culture heritage. At the same time, we treasure our own civilization of five thousand years instead of belittling ourselves. It is significant to promote and develop our unique costume culture. We are confident and make contributions to realizing the rejuvenation of our Chinese nation and enriching the clothing culture of the whole world. Key words: Chinese and western clothing; culture；differences；aesthetic culture and clothing concepts 摘要摘要摘要摘要::::服饰文化是人类特有的文化现象。由于中西方各民族的审美观念、着装理念和服饰礼仪的不同，从而形成了不同内涵、不同特色的中西方服饰文化。本文共分为四部分。第一部分主要介绍了中西服饰的不同特征以及为什么人要穿衣服，第二部分写中西方服饰的差异，第三部分写导致中西方服饰文化差异的原因，第四部分则写中西方服饰审美文化和着装理念。通过以上简单的论述，最后得出结论，中西方服饰文化各具有丰富的内涵和鲜明的特色，她们都是人类祖先留下来的宝贵文化遗产 ,是世界文化的瑰宝。与此同时,我们应该珍惜自己五千年的文明而不是贬低自己的文明。促进和发展我们独特的民族服饰文化具有重要的意义。为了实现我们中华民族的文化复兴和丰富整个世界的文化，让我们自信起来吧！ 关键词关键词关键词关键词::::中西服饰；文化；差异性；审美文化与着装理念【同学你好，如果问题已解决，记得右上角采纳哦~~~您的采纳是对我的肯定~谢谢哦】
蹦蹬的小兔子
Chinese and Western cultural differences in the performance of every aspect of daily life from the greeting 、 term diet and cultural differences in the way of thinking in the abstract, such as differences everywhere, from the West focus on the following colors to express the difference between Chinese and Western cultural differences in areas such as a wedding set. First, in the West to express the color difference Different colors in different languages is not expressed in the same way. The representative of China in a sense, the West has a meaning that even the "color" to understand the meaning of the contrary. (A) red (red) Whether in China or in the English-speaking countries, often in red and festive celebrations or day-related. Calendar, red font used these days, therefore, red letter day: refers to the "Day" or "happy occasion." It also refers to the red "liabilities" or "loss" because people are always negative in red to register. So there are these phrases: red figure deficit in the red loss In common with the Chinese "red" words, translated into English, may not necessarily use the "red" for example: brown sugar brown sugar red wine red wine (B) yellow Yellow in English and Chinese in the extended meaning of the differences are considerable. In English, yellow can be said that the "timid, cowardly, despicable," meaning, for example: a yellow dog despicable, cowardly people a yellow livered coward Chinese yellow symbol of the term is sometimes vulgar, vulgar and obscene, indecent indecency means, such as yellow film, erotica, yellow CD, and so on. These in the name of "yellow" in English and "yellow" has nothing to do. However, in another English word blue is the color used to indicate the kind of meaning in Chinese, such as the blue jokes (dirty joke), blue films (yellow film). Second, the cultural differences in Western wedding First of all, in Western wedding culture and the first in the West in thinking about the differences: the Chinese people more conservative, like excitement, more old-fashioned thinking, so in the history of China for thousands of years the entire wedding customs did not change much. The thinking in the West is more open to the requirements of the wedding will be lower, they will be the climax of the wedding in the church: the sacred as the "wedding march" into the red carpet, Jiao Mei's father, the bride linked hands Rose walked slowly to the groom, the bride's father, daughter to the groom's hand on hand, her daughter's life will be entrusted to the groom, all eyes followed the couple, filled with well-being in their face. Second, the result of cultural differences wedding in the West because the West in a different religion. China is mainly Buddhist, but the West is mainly Christian. Therefore, the Western wedding is to be held in the church and the priest is Zhuhun Ren. China's traditional customs of the most important part of the Bai Tiandi is, the worship heaven and earth even after the ceremony has become.中西方文化差异表现在方方面面，从日常生活的打招呼用语、饮食文化等差异到思维方式等抽象方面的差异无所不在，下面着重从中西方颜色表达的差异，中西方婚礼文化差异等方面阐述。 一、中西方颜色表达的差异 不同颜色在不同语言中表达的方式并不一样。在中国代表一种意义，在西方又表示一种涵义，甚至对“颜色”的涵义理解恰恰相反。（一）red（红色）无论是在英语国家还是在中国，红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。日历中，这些日子常用红色字体，因此，red letter day：指的是“纪念日”或“喜庆的日子”。红色还指“负债”或“亏损”，因为人们总是用红笔登记负数。于是就有了这些词组：red figure赤字 in the red亏损汉语中常用的带“红”字的词语，翻译成英语，可不一定用“red”例如：红糖brown sugar 红酒red wine （二） yellow黄色在英语和汉语中的引申含义差别比较大。英语中，yellow可以表示“胆小、卑怯、卑鄙”的意思，例如：a yellow dog 可鄙的人，卑鄙的人a yellow livered 胆小鬼汉语中黄色一词有时象征低级趣味、色情庸俗、下流猥亵的意思，如黄色电影、黄色书刊、黄色光碟等等。这些名称中的“黄”与英语中的“yellow”无关。然而，英语中另一个颜色词blue却常用来表示汉语中这类意思，如blue jokes（下流的玩笑）， blue films（黄色电影）等。 二、中西方婚礼文化差异 首先，中西方婚礼文化差异首先和中西方人在思维方面的差异有关：中国人比较保守，喜欢热闹，思维较古板，所以在中国历史几千年的时间里整个婚礼的习俗并没有多大的变化。而西方人的思想则比较开放，对于婚礼的要求也比较低，他们婚礼的高潮则是在教堂中：随着神圣的《婚礼进行曲》步入鲜红的地毯，娇美的新娘挽着父亲手捧玫瑰慢慢向新郎走去，新娘的父亲将女儿的手放在新郎的手上，将女儿的一生托付给新郎，所有人的目光注视着这对新人，幸福洋溢在他们的脸上。其次，造成中西方婚礼文化差异的原因是中西方不同的宗教。中国是以佛教为主，而西方则是基督教为主的。所以西方的婚礼是在教堂中举行而主婚人则是神甫。中方的传统婚俗中的最重要环节就是拜天地，拜了天地以后就算是礼成了。
only found one. hope that works~American table manners[edit] Table Layout * B
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