催化类英文论文写作模板

没有给论题只能说一下答题写法了，通常introdoctuion不要太长，占总字数的10%左右即可。基本开头第一、二句说一下论题的宏观情况，如世界或者全国范围内的现状之类的。然后具体到你的论题，说一说你要讨论的是什么问题或者问题的哪个方面，也一两句足够。最后一定要做的是写一个road map，简单地说就是要阐明你的论文结构，你接下来会先说明什么，再分析什么最后做什么等等，这样导师一目了然，也会显得论文逻辑性非常好结构清晰。需要注意这个road map必须和你实际论文的结构相符，如果有顺序上的改动记得把road map也改了就可以了

1、议论文的格式：

议论文的格式应由三个部分组成：<1> 立论部分;<2> 论证部分; <3> 结论部分。一般说来，议论文可分三个基本段落来写：

第一段引出话题;

第二段立论且加以论证;

第三段给出明确的结论。第二段是中心段落，应试者应将主要的内容放在第二段中，同时也要注意开篇及结尾段落的完整性，且应尽量做到首尾呼应，切忌前后矛盾。

2、写作攻略

初中生在写议论文时要首先考虑自己的观点是什么，明确观点后要围绕观点进行论证，最后再进行总结。议论文在写作手法上以议论为主，但有时也要运用说明、叙述、描写等手法。初中议论文的写作格式一般为三段式：开头、主体和结尾。一般写作步骤如下：

第一步：确定主题，引出论点；

第二步：通过摆事实、讲道理来支持自己的观点。所用的事实、原因、理由应紧密地同结论联系在一起；

第三步：得出结论。要简明扼要、回扣全文。

1、【模板范文】

Many students think that they do not need to learn Engish, because they don't plan to go abroad.

But as to me, I am not in favour of this point of view. I think that English is very important to us, so we should learn English well. First of all, in the opening times, if you want to do business with foreigners, you must use English because most of them speak and write in English.

Secondly, in the world today most books are written in English. If you know much English, you can read newspapers and magazines in English. Most important of all, you can learn something more widely.

All in all, I hold the opinion that we should learn English well. And I hope that all the students can use English freely.

2、【模板范文】

Nowadays,many students like to make friends this different people have different opinions.

On the one hand,some

people think it's interesting totalk with friends you will never feel lonely when youare you are lucky enough to make a friend from Englishspeaking country,you can improve your English , it's pretty cool to have several foreign friends.

But every coinhas two a few people have made really goodfriends people are cheated by the ＂friends＂.Besides,it is terrible for students to spen

d much time makingfriends and talking online.

Some people say making friends online is making  there is something in what they say.

英语写作能力的培养不是一日之功，必须从平时的练习中一点点培养。巧用一些经典句型会为作文添加一点亮色，多得一点印象分。本文整理了英语议论文常用的开头和结尾，希望对大家有帮助。

要求文章结构必须十分严谨，文章各个部分的功能都要十分清晰，开头、中间和结尾都有严格的要求。英语议论文共有三大特点：

1、观点鲜明的开头

2、紧扣主题的结尾

3、有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落

另外，英语文章和汉语不同的是段落的主题句一定要放在段首，而不能按照中文的写作习惯放在段落的中间或者最后，换句话说，每段的内容都是根据首句来展开的，其顺序不能颠倒。

在中心统一这个问题,应该遵循英文议论文的写作思路和习惯：表示支持则旗帜鲜明地支彻彻底底地反对，而不能采取“墙头草两边倒”的做法。

goes without saying that…不言而喻…

can be said with certainty that…可以肯定地说……

the proverb says，正如谚语所说的，

has to be noticed that…必须注意到…

's generally recognized that…普遍认为…

1. It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.

很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展

2. From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.

在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理.

3. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……

我无法完全同意这一观点

far as I am concerned/In my opinion……

就我而言……

5. Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……

最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……

介绍一个【CS 计算机】，【EE 信号处理】领域的introduction 通用写作模板,模板将introduction分成5段，供大家参考。在每段英文后面，配备了相对应的中文，以方便大家阅读。本文格式，包括引用都是按照IEEE 的格式写的。【第一段】研究意义，也可以叫研究的作用，或者称为研究的应用场景。格式如下:（topic）has been extensively studied in the literature. Some major applications of （topic） include speech processing, . [1]-[3], Video Surveillance, . [4], [5], biomedical image processing, . [6], and sensor fusion, . [7], [8].（某某研究）已经在学术界被广泛的研究，（某某研究）d的应用场景包括语音信号处理，例如[1]-[3], 视频监控，例如 [4], [5], 医学图像处理，例如[6], 和传感器融合，例如 [7], [8].【第二段】以前类似的研究，以及它们的不足之处。格式如下:Different approaches have been utilized for (topic). These approaches consist of approaches A, . [ ], approaches B, . [ ], and approaches C, . [ ]. Each of these approaches has its strengths and limitations. Approaches A provide (strengths ). However, (limitations). Approaches B provide (strengths ). However, (limitations). Approaches C provide (strengths ). However, (limitations). Basically, no approaches is perfect, that is (issues have not been addressed).针对（某某研究）已经提出了很多种方法。这些方法包括方法A[ ]，方法B[ ]和方法C[ ]。每种方法都有其优势和劣势。方法A（优势），但是（劣势）。方法B（优势），但是（劣势）。方法C（优势），但是（劣势）。没有一种方法可以完全解决XXX问题。【第三段】针对以前研究的不足之处（或者没有解决的问题），本文做出的改进。格式如下:In order to (solve XX problem), (a new approach ) has been used. (Details about this new approach).为了解决XX问题，本文提出了一种XXX的方法。（XXX方法的概括描述）。【第四段】罗列本文主要创新点。格式如下:This paper differs from the previous papers by the following aspect: 1) (The first different); 2) (The second different); 3) (The third different).本文提出的方法主要有如下几个创新点。1）一句话概括创新点； 2）一句话概括创新点； 3）一句话概括创新点。【第五段】本文剩余部分介绍。格式如下:The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. The dataset of XXX is described in Section Ⅱ. In Section Ⅲ, the details of the developed XXX approach are stated. The experimental results are then reported in Section Ⅳ. Finally, Section V concludes the paper.本文剩下的部分是这样组织的。第二章描述了XXXX（一般是数据集，或者以前的方法）。第三章介绍了本文提出的XX方法和其技术细节。第四章报告了实验结果并作出了分析。第五章总结了全文。[1]H. Wei and N. Kehtarnavaz, "Determining Number of Speakers from Single Microphone Speech Signals by Multi-Label Convolutional Neural Network,"IECON 2018 - 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Washington, DC, 2018, pp. 2706-2710.[2]Y. Zhang, Y. Long, X. Shen, H. Wei, M. Yang, H. Ye and H. Mao, "Articulatory movement features for short-duration text-dependent speaker verification," International Journal of Speech Technology, vol. 20, , pp:1-7, 2017.[3] H. Wei, Y. Long and H. Mao, "Improvements on self-adaptive voice activity detector for telephone data," International Journal of Speech Technology, , , pp:1-8, 2016.[4] H. Wei and N. Kehtarnavaz, "Semi-Supervised Faster RCNN-Based Person Detection and Load Classification for Far Field Video Surveillance," Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 756–767, June 2019.[5] H. Wei, M. Laszewski and N. Kehtarnavaz, "Deep Learning-Based Person Detection and Classification for Far Field Video Surveillance,"2018 IEEE 13th Dallas Circuits and Systems Conference (DCAS), Dallas, TX, 2018, pp. 1-4.[6]H. Wei, A. Sehgal and N. Kehtarnavaz," A Deep Learning-Based Smartphone App for Real-Time Detection of Retinal Abnormalities in Fundus Images," SPIE conference of Real-Time Image Processing and Deep Learning, Baltimore,May 2019.[7] H. Wei, R. Jafari and N. Kehtarnavaz, “Fusion of Video and Inertial Sensing for Deep Learning–Based Human Action Recognition,” Sensors, vol. 19, no. 17, p. 3680, Aug. 2019.[8] H. Wei and N. Kehtarnavaz, "Simultaneous utilization of inertial and video sensing for action detection and recognition in continuous action streams," IEEE Sensors Journal, 2020.