老马4568
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木叶星海
英文参考文献格式推荐
在社会的各个领域,大家都写过论文,肯定对各类论文都很熟悉吧,论文是对某些学术问题进行研究的手段。那么你知道一篇好的论文该怎么写吗?以下是我收集整理的英文参考文献格式推荐,欢迎大家分享。
方法/步骤
Journal (期刊)
期刊(Journal)是最常见的参考文献类型,一般需要依次列出以下信息:作者,文章的题目,期刊名称,发表年份,卷号,页码。
提醒:页码也可由DOI、文章编号(Article Number)代替;期刊类型参考文献也可以改成网页类型。
Book(书)
参考文献为书(Book),一般需要列出的信息有:作者,书名,出版社,出版社地点(包括城市和国家),年份,页码
书中的Chapter(章节)
书中的某个章节(Chapter),需要流出的信息有:作者,章节的`题目,书名,编辑,出版社,出版社地点(包括城市和国家),年份,卷号,页码
还未发表的文章(Unpublished Work)
引用了一篇还未发表的文章,你需要列出以下信息:作者,文章题目,期刊名称,阶段。
个人通讯(Personal communication)
个人通讯一般需要你列出作者所在机构和通讯时间。形式一般如图所示。
论文(Thesis)
在参考文献中,也会出现硕士和博士论文的引用,需要给出的信息有:作者,论文题目,论文级别(硕士还是博士),大学名称,大学地址(城市和国家),完成时间
会议(Proceedings)
一个学术会议也可以被引用。一般所需的信息有:作者,会议的名称,会议的地址(城市和国家)会议的时间。
岚岛全屋定制
英文论文参考文献格式如下:
一、学术论文英文参考文献标注格式
按照现行规定,学术期刊中论文参考文献的标注采用顺序编码制,即在文内的引文处按引用文献在论文中出现的先后顺序以阿拉伯数字连续编码,序号置于方括号内。同一文献在一文中被反复引用者,用同一序号标示。
这一规定使得所列文献简洁明了,应该引起论文作者注意。英文参考文献和中文参考文献一样,按在文中出现的先后顺序与中文文献混合连续编码著录;英文文献用印刷体;英文书名、期刊名和报纸名等用斜体;所列项目及次序与中文文献相同,但文献类型可不标出;忌用中文叙述英文。其格式为:
专著、论文集、学位论文、报告主要责任者。文献题名。出版地:出版者,出版年。起止页码。示例:Day,C.,Veen, Walraven,G. Children and youth at risk and urban education. Research, policy and prac-tice. Leuven/Apeldoorn:Garant. 1997.
期刊文章:主要责任者。文献题名。刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码。示例:Driessen,G.,& Van der Grinten,M. Home language proficiency in the Netherland:The evaluation of Turkish andMoroccan bilingual programmes- A critical review, Studies in Educational Evaluation,1994, 20(3):365- 386.
论文集中的析出文献析出文献主要责任者。析出文献题名。原文献主要责任者(任选)。原文献题名。出版地:出版者,出版年。析出文献起止页码。
示例:Driessen,G.,Mulder,L.,& Jungbluth,P. Structural and cultural determinants of educational opportunities in theNetherlands. In (Ed.),Root and migration in global perspective. Jerusalem:Magnes . 104.
二、关于英文人名的标注
现行编排规范对英文人名如何标注未作明确要求,英文人名的标注较为混乱,有标注全名的,有标注时将名缩写、姓不缩写、保持原来顺序的,还有在姓、名之间加圆点的,后者是我国翻译作品中,中文书写外国人名经常采用的一种方式。
其实,标注英文人名是有章可循的,在国外学术著作的参考文献中,关于人名的标注已约定俗成为一种统一的格式,即英文参考文献标注作者姓名时,要求姓在前、名在后,姓与名之间用逗号隔开,姓的词首字母大写,其余字母不大写;名用词首大写字母表示,后加缩写符号圆点,缩写符号不可省略。由于欧美国家人的姓名排列一般是名在前、姓在后,在标注时必须加以调整。如Georg Paghet Thomson,前面两个词是名,最后一个词是姓,应标注为Thomson,G. P为什么要如此标注呢?
1. 在应用计算机等信息工具进行英文文献检索时,以英文作者姓名中的姓作为依据之一,即以姓作为检索目标之一。
2. 在欧美人姓名表达含义里,姓比名的重要性更强、更正式。用姓而不是名来代表作者,还有尊重、礼貌的意味。名缩写后加缩写符号圆点,也含有正式、尊重和礼貌的意味,缩写符号不可省略。
3. 表示与平常书写姓名的不同,体现学术论文重要性、简约性和准确性的要求,符合科研论文文体风格。这种标注在英文学术著作、科技文献中已广泛采用,也容易被广大读者、作者理解、接受。
对于复姓情况,如Jory Albores-Saavedra等,在引用标注时,应将复姓全部写出,即Albores-Saavedra, J对于姓前带有冠词或介词的情况,如带有Mac,Le,Von,Van den等,标注时不能省略,应同姓一起提到前面标注,如Mac Donald,La Fontaina,Von Eschenbach,Van den Bery等。
一个参考文献有两位或两位以上作者时,标注时除按上述要求将每位作者的姓提前书写外,作者与作者之间用逗号分开,最后一位作者前加&符号,如示例[1],也可仅保留前三位作者,之后加etc.表示。
酸甜苦辣咸丫头
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neering木材科学与技术WoodScienceandTechnology林产化学加工工程ChemicalProcessingEngineeringofForestProducts环境科学与工程EnvironmentalScienceandEngineering环境科学EnvironmentalScience环境工程EnvironmentalEngineering生物医学工程BiomedicalEngineering食品科学与工程FoodScienceandEngineering食品科学FoodScience粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程Cereals,OilsandVegetableProteinEngineering农产品加工及贮藏工程ProcessingandStorageofAgricultureProducts水产品加工及贮藏工程ProcessingandStorageofAquaticProducts农学Agriculture作物学CropScience作物栽培学与耕作学CropCultivationandFarmingSystem作物遗传育种学CropGeneticsandBreeding园艺学Horticulture果树学Pomology蔬菜学Olericulture茶学TeaScience农业资源利用学UtilizationScienceofAgriculturalResources土壤学SoilScience植物营养学PlantNutrition植物保护学PlantProtection植物病理学PlantPathology农业昆虫与害虫防治AgriculturalEntomologyandPestControl农药学PesticideScience畜牧学AnimalScience动物遗传育种与繁殖AnimalGenetics,BreedingandReproductionScience动物营养与饲料科学AnimalNutritionandFeedScience草业科学PractacultureScience特种经济动物饲养学(含蚕、蜂等)TheRearingofSpecial-typeEconomicAnimals(includingSilkworm,Honeybees,etc.)兽医学VeterinaryMedicine基础兽医学BasicVeterinaryMedicine预防兽医学PreventiveVeterinaryMedicine临床兽医学ClinicalVeterinaryMedicine林学Forestry林木遗传育种学ForestTreeGeneticsandBreeding森林培育学Silviculture森林保护学ForestProtection森林经理学ForestManagement野生动植物保护与利用WildlifeConservationandUtilization园林植物与观赏园艺OrnamentalPlantsandHorticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治SoilandWaterConservationandDesertificationCombating水产学FisheriesScience水产养殖学AquacultureScience捕捞学FishingScience渔业资源学ScienceofFisheriesResources医学Medicine基础医学BasicMedicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学HumanAnatomy,HistologyandEmbryology免疫学Immunology病原生物学PathogenicOrganisms病理学与病理生理学PathologyandPathophysiology法医学ForensicMedicine放射医学RadiationMedicine航空航天与航海医学AerospaceandNauticalmedicine临床医学ClinicalMedicine内科学(含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学)Internalmedicine(includingCardiology,Hematology,Respiratory,Gastroenterology,EndocrinologyandMetabolism,Nephrology,Rheuma-tology,InfectiousDiseases)儿科学Pediatrics老年医学Geriatrics神经病学Neurology精神病与精神卫生学PsychiatryandMentalHealth皮肤病与性病学DermatologyandVenereology影像医学与核医学ImagingandNuclearMedicine临床检验诊断学ClinicalLaboratoryDiagnostics护理学Nursing外科学(含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学)Surgery(GeneralSurgery,Orthopedics,Urology,CardiothoracicSurgery,Neurosurgery,PlasticSurgery,BurnSurgery,FieldSurgery)妇产科学ObstetricsandGynecology眼科学OphthalmicSpecialty耳鼻咽喉科学Otolaryngology肿瘤学Oncology康复医学与理疗学RehabilitationMedicine&PhysicalTherapy运动医学SportsMedicine麻醉学Anesthesiology急诊医学EmergencyMedicine口腔医学Stomatology口腔基础医学BasicScienceofStomatology口腔临床医学ClinicalScienceofStomatology公共卫生与预防医学PublicHealthandPreventiveMedicine流行病与卫生统计学EpidemiologyandHealthStatistics劳动卫生与环境卫生学OccupationalandEnvironmentalHealth营养与食品卫生学NutritionandFoodHygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学Maternal,ChildandAdolescentHealth卫生毒理学HygieneToxicology军事预防医学MilitaryPreventiveMedicine中医学ChineseMedicine中医基础理论BasicTheoriesofChineseMedicine中医临床基础ClinicalFoundationofChineseMedicine中医医史文献HistoryandLiteratureofChineseMedicine方剂学FormulasofChineseMedicine中医诊断学DiagnosticsofChineseMedicine中医内科学ChineseInternalMedicine中医外科学SurgeryofChineseMedicine中医骨伤科学OrthopedicsofChineseMedicine中医妇科学GynecologyofChineseMedicine中医儿科学PediatricsofChineseMedicine中医五官科学OphthalmologyandOtolaryngoloyofChineseMedicine针灸推拿学AcupunctureandMoxibustionandTuinaofChinesemedicine民族医学Ethnomedicine中西医结合医学ChineseandWesternIntegrativeMedicine中西医结合基础医学BasicDisciplineofChineseandWesternIntegrative中西医结合临床医学ClinicalDisciplineofChineseandWesternIntegrativeMedicine药学PharmaceuticalScience药物化学MedicinalChemistry药剂学Pharmaceutics生药学Pharmacognosy药物分析学PharmaceuticalAnalysis微生物与生化药学MicrobialandBiochemicalPharmacy药理学Pharmacology中药学ScienceofChinesePharmacology军事学MilitaryScience军事思想学及军事历史学MilitaryThoughtandMilitaryHistory军事思想学MilitaryThought军事历史学MilitaryHistory战略学ScienceofStrategy军事战略学MilitaryStrategy战争动员学WarMobilization战役学ScienceofOperations联合战役学JointOperation军种战役学(含第二炮兵战役学)ArmedServiceOperation(includingOperationofStrategicMissileForce)战术学ScienceofTactics合同战术学Combined-ArmsTactics兵种战术学BranchTactics军队指挥学ScienceofCommand作战指挥学CombatCommand军事运筹学MilitaryOperationResearch军事通信学MilitaryCommunication军事情报学MilitaryIntelligence密码学Cryptography军事教育训练学(含军事体育学)MilitaryEducationandTraining(includingMilitaryPhysicalTraining)军制学ScienceofMilitarySystem军事组织编制学MilitaryOrganizationalSystem军队管理学MilitaryManagement军队政治工作学ScienceofMilitaryPoliticalWork军事后勤学与军事装备学ScienceofMilitaryLogisticsandMilitaryEquipment军事后勤学MilitaryLogistics后方专业勤务RearSpecialService军事装备学MilitaryEquipment管理学ManagementScience管理科学与工程ManagementScienceandEngineering工商管理学ScienceofBusinessAdministration会计学Accounting企业管理学(含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学)CorporateManagement(includingFinancialManagement,Marketing,andHumanResourcesManagement)旅游管理学TouristManagement技术经济及管理学TechnologyEconomyandManagement农林经济管理学AgriculturalandForestryEconomics&Management农业经济管理学AgriculturalEconomics&Management林业经济管理学ForestryEconomics&Management公共管理学ScienceofPublicManagement行政管理学AdministrationManagement社会医学与卫生事业管理学SocialMedicineandHealthManagement教育经济与管理学EducationalEconomyandManagement社会保障学SocialSecurity土地资源管理学LandResourceManagement图书馆、情报与档案学ScienceofLibrary,Information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采矿工程毕业设计论文 采矿工程是一个国家的重要产业,采矿工程直接关系到国家资源、能源的正常供应和使用安全。以下是专门为你收集整理的采矿工程毕业设计论文,供参考阅
土豆原本是一种低脂低热的食物,富含膳食纤维,而且它的碳水化合物占比在薯类食物中根本不算高。土豆给我们高脂高热的感觉主要是烹饪方式不太对,比如薯片、薯条,经过油炸
提要20世纪80年代初,作者基于对红旗岭矿床的研究,提出了硫化铜-镍矿床的矿浆成 因观点,十余年来已引起中外同行专家、学者的重视。本文拟通过对吉林长白山区赤柏松
[1]曾清华,王栋知,王淀佐.聚合物-粘土矿物纳米复合材料.化工进展,1998,17(2):13~16. [2]王立新,张楷亮,任丽,等.聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米
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