中外文化差异毕业论文

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跨文化交际的毕业论文

一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束，大学毕业前都要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，毕业论文我们应该怎么写呢？下面是我收集整理的跨文化交际的毕业论文，欢迎大家分享。

摘要：

跨文化交际是指不同国家不同文化背景的人们之间的交流，文化差异对跨文化交际有多方面影响，本文从思维与表达方式的差异、非语言交际差异、传统文化的差异、价值观念的差异等四个方面 ，分析产生交流障碍的原因，指出了了解中外文化差异对避免跨文化交际的失误，较少国际交流中的误解，促进中外文化的交流具有重要的作用。

关键词： 文化差异；跨文化交际

跨文化交际涉及交际和文化两个概念。从一定意义上说交际即文化在交际过程中文化得以形成。而文化是一个包罗万象的概念，概括地讲，文化即是人们所思、所言、所为、所觉的总和。跨文化交际即不同文化背景的人们（信息发出者和信息接受者）之间的交际，不同的民族创造了自己特有的文化，也被自己的文化所塑造”。所以，对于来自不同文化本经的人们走到一起，交际必然会出现故障，及时有效的克服这些交际障碍是跨文化交际取得成功的关键。这对促进国际间的文化、政治、经济交流有着及其重要的意义。笔者从思维与表达方式的差异、非语言交际差异、传统文化的差异、价值观念的差异等四个方面来分析产生交流障碍的原因，从而提高跨文化交际能力。

一、 思维与表达差异对交流的影响

思维方式的差异首先造成的就是语言表达方式的不同。在信息编排上，中国人习惯于形象思维，在文章中，为了使文章鲜明、生动、形象，经常使用华丽的词藻、大量的形容词和丰富的比喻。然而对于西方人来讲，由于感情基础的差异，阅读习惯的不同，华丽的词藻一般只能减少传播的清晰性和效果，甚至被视为空话冗词和夸大宣传。根据西方的写作风格，在英语写作中，西方人比较注重逻辑的紧密和事实的陈述，习惯于低调陈述，而不习惯于用词强烈。

思维方式是沟通文化与语言的桥梁。在思维方式的差异上，中西文化思维方式最显著的特点就是中国人含蓄委婉，思维方式具有意会性，而西方人则很直接，属于直观性。中西方在写信的表达方式上就有不同。西方人在表达这自己的意愿时比较直接，开门见山的将自己的所要求写在最前面，后面才会讲一些寒暄的客套话。而中国人则会很含蓄委婉的提要求，一般到信的末尾才是真正要谈的问题，前面都是寒暄。不同的写法反映不同的思维方式。中国人初次见面就喜欢问对方的年龄，婚姻，收入状况以表示关心，而西方人对此就比较反感，他们认为这些是个人隐私，他人无权过问。如果问西方女士“How old areyou？”她们很可能会回答“It’s a secret！”西方人希望自己在别人眼中年轻而富有朝气，希望自己保持年轻的心态，所以不喜欢提及实际的年龄。再如中国人交谈中常遇到的“你去哪儿？”“你在干什么？”在英语中就成为刺探别人隐私的审问，冒昧而不受欢迎。

二、 非语言交际差异

非语言交际差异是指一切不使用语言进行的交际活动统称之为非语言交际（Non—verbal communication），其中包括眼神、手势、身势、微笑、面部表情、服装打扮、沉默、身体的接触、讲话人之间的'距离、说话的音量、时间观念、对空间的使用等等。一般而言，南欧地区的国家如意大利、西班牙、希腊等国的手势运用频繁且夸张；中西欧的国家如德国、英国、荷兰等次之；而远在北方的北欧诸国则又次之，因为他们几乎不会使用手势来表达任何讯息。

三、 传统文化的差异

历史上，中国是世界上最古老的国家之一，有5000年的悠久而厚重的历史，创造了无数的灿烂文明，在这种文化蕴藏中，使中国的饮食更加博大精深。随着时间的流逝以及辽阔国土的地域差异，四大菜系逐渐形成，四大菜系自成体系，各有特点，但共同点是用料复杂考究，制作方法复杂，口味、菜式多种多样，令人惊叹。

由于中西哲学思想的不同，西方人于饮食重科学。重科学即讲求营养。故西方饮食以营养为最高准则，进食犹如为一生物的机器添加燃料，特别讲求食物的营养成分，蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素及各类无机元素的含量是否搭配合宜，热量的供给是否恰到好处以及这些营养成分是否能为进食者充分吸收，有无其他副作用。这些问题都是烹调中的大学问，而菜肴的色、香、味如何，则是次一等的要求。即或在西方首屈一指的饮食大国――法国，其饮食文化虽然在很多方面与我们近似，但一接触到营养问题，双方便拉开了距离。

西方人在介绍自己国家的饮食特点时，觉得比中国更重视营养的合理搭配，有较为发达的食品工业，如罐头、快餐等，虽口味千篇一律，但节省时间，且营养良好。故他们国家的人身体普遍比中国人健壮：高个、长腿、宽大的肩、发达的肌肉；而中国人则显得身材瘦小、肩窄腿短、色黄质弱。有人根据中西方饮食对象的明显差异这一特点，把中国人称为植物性格，西方人称为动物性格。

四、 价值观念的差异

价值观是指一个人对周围的客观事物（包括人、事、物）的意义、重要性的总评价和总看法。一方面表现为价值取向、价值追求，凝结为一定的价值目标；另一方面表现为价值尺度和准则，成为人们判断价值事物有无价值及价值大小的评价标准。

中国历史悠久，包括长达两千多年的封建统治，这种意识直接影响着现代人价值观的形成。现代中国人依然较顺从权威，尊重长辈，重视个人的身份，强调安分守己。相比之下，早在17世纪，英国的资产阶级就推翻了封建统治建立了资本主义社会，工业革命大幅度提高了人们的物质生活水平，还彻底解放了人们的思想。资本主义的民主思想也逐渐遍及整个西方社会。西方人崇尚个体，向往自由平等。这种历史环境的不同使中西方的个体意识产生了很大的差异。

西方文化价值观的主流是为自我满足而奋斗的精神。西方文化张扬个性，强调维护个人利益，注重独立自主发挥个人潜力，强化个人权利意识。个人主义是一切行为的准则，自我实现是人生的最高需求和目的，独立是实现自我的最有效手段，人权神圣不可侵犯，是实现自我的保障。中国主流文化价值观是和合精神。中华民族自古就注重和谐。在人与自然的关系上，崇尚天人合一，人与自然和谐相处；在人与人的关系上，强调以和为贵，与人为善；在国家之间的关系上，主张亲仁善邻，协和万邦。中华民族是一个爱好和平、与人为善的民族。

不同文化背景里成长起来的人们，其价值观理应有所不同，各有其长处。在科技迅猛发展的今天，为使中国走向繁荣、富强、走向世界，我们必须引进西方先进的文化观念，摒弃其糟泊，吸取西方的平等、竞争、效率、个性解放等精神和意识，摒弃其拜金主义，物欲主义以及过分自我等意识。随着现在全球一体化的进程和中国在世界的崛起，认识和掌握中西方的跨文化价值观差异对避免和解决交际中的冲突以及促进民族间的融合有着相当重大的意义。

从上述文化差异对跨文化交际所产生的种种影响来看，文化因素是造成跨文化交流障碍的主要原因。诸多文化因素对跨文化交际具有一定的干扰和制约等负作用。因而，学习外语离不开对其文化的学习和研究，只有彻底解决因文化差异产生的种种交流障碍，跨文化交际才能成功。这是提高人们跨文化交际能力的一条根本有效途径。

论中西方教育差异：转自教育大论文下载中心，更多中西方教育差异文章请看教育大论文下载中心谈及中西方教育的差别，我有一些感受。我没有去过国外，对西方教育的了解主要是从书中和各种媒体中获得。我眼中的中西方教育的显著差异有以下几个方面:一． 因材施教。虽然在我国每天都在提因材施教，但并没有几个人理解因材施教的真谛。反而是西方的教育在这方面体现的较好，更适合学生的发展，把学生的潜力挖掘出来。二． 赏识教育。在中西方都有赏识教育，中国的赏识教育比较模糊笼统，对孩子做的比较好的地方往往是用一句“你真棒”加以赞赏，而西方是把棒在哪里告诉孩子。中国家长有耐心的少,光心里着急是不够的。三． 惩罚教育。在中西方都有惩罚教育，在中国孩子受到惩罚都是以大人的眼光来判断，比如孩子把东西拆坏了，家长往往要打骂孩子，而在西方家长认为孩子并没有错，反而鼓励孩子多动手。四． 爱心教育。我在书中了解的和我亲眼看到的西方人的爱心有胜于我们。中西方的教育各有优缺点，如能取长补短，也许会是一种非常好的教育。中国的基础教育有很多优点，这几年国外也在借鉴我们的教育方法。一、学校的教育1、中西方教育的本质区别：西方教育是一种尝试教育，先让学生尝试进行体验，在体验中发现难点，然后在解决难点中积累经验，最后，得出结论，那是真正属于自己研究的成果。中国教育是一种灌输式教育，先将成人的经验告知学生，让学生按已有成功经验去操作（并非所谓的真学习）按部就班，在经验的指导下学习实践，同样，也是可以得到自己的结论，但是往往很难跳出已有的固定模式。两者的最大差异就在于西方教育以人为本，从人的学习的本能出发，符合学习论，而中国教育是一种消除错误的“生产”教育，将学生当作产品，希望在生产线上生产出的是合格品，而不是次品。正是不能正视“学习是可以犯错的”这一规律，使得学生缺乏应有的创新思维。2、从教师在课堂中所起的作用看中西方文化教育的差异：西方教育大都是基于人文思想展开的，从小开始培养人的实践和分析能力，鼓励思想的自由，并对自己的言行负责。教师的作用，主要是指引者，往往像朋友一般和学生一起去探讨问题，对于学生的疑问，经常一指图书馆，让学生自己去寻找资料，自己做出判断，尽可能的不去影响学生的自主思考。它最大可能的保护了人类创造力的根源——思想的自由和自主。如何让学生在课堂上感觉开心，使学生能够积极投入学习，这在西方是老师常常思考的问题。同时教师鼓励学生在课堂积极发言，学以致用。在中国，课堂属于老师，老师在讲台上涛涛不绝的讲课，学生认真的听讲、记笔记，对课本的答案和教师的答案深信不疑，是一种倾向性的灌输式教育。学生和老师之间缺乏紧密沟通，造成学生被动的接受知识，牢而不固。3、考生成绩的计算方式也是中西方文化教育的一个显著差异：在西方学生成绩的计算方式是：课堂纪律和出勤率占15%，课余作业成绩占15%，小组互动讨论占20%，论文写作和答辩占50%，从这几个方面来综合评估学生的综合情况，比较客观和公正。由于西方教学的目的是运用，而不是分数，所以分数只是一个参考值。在中国，成绩是学生、家长和学校的命根子，一切唯高分是从。一些综合分数低，而偏科成绩比较严重的学生，反而被埋没了。成绩主要以期中和期末考试成绩来定，主要是笔试，比较单一，另笔试的成绩很容易被复制。像高考这种一考定终身的方式很容易因为发挥失场，而与大学教育失之交臂。高分低能那是我们国人的最大悲哀呀！4、从知识层面来说，西方教育更容易发掘天才：西方教育重视学生创造力的培养；注重对知识的灵活应用，重视“广”和“博”，对学生的教育是点到为止；西方的基础教育在达到最基本的要求的基础上，允许学生有较大选择的自由。比如，一位学生对物理、化学或生物不感兴趣，感觉有很大的困难，可以只选修比较基础的课程，而选修较多的自己擅长的感兴趣的课程，只选修理、化、生其中的一门，同样可以达到高中毕业要求，也能进入顶尖大学，同样有机会成为“精英”。中国教育重视基础知识的巩固，注重知识的灌输和知识的熟练掌握，重视“精”和“深”，以数学为例，中国教育使用题海战术，教师让学生重复练习，直至“炉火纯青”的地步；所以说，中国教育是“精英”教育，把那些不能把知识学得精深的人淘汰出去。中国教育要求数理化各科面面俱到，哪一科学得不好都有可能对人生前途造成致命的影响。二、家庭的教育社会的竞争，决不仅仅是知识和智能的较量，更多的是意志、心理状态和做人的比拼。由于历史传统、社会文化背景的不同，中西方家庭教育观念存在着巨大的差异，从这些差异中，我们可以找出许多值得中国家长学习的观念和做法——● 西方家长从小就培养和锻炼孩子的自立意识和独立生活能力。重视孩子从小的自身锻炼，他们并不煞费苦心地设计孩子的未来，而是注重孩子的自由发展，努力把孩子培养成为能够适应各种环境，具备独立生存能力的社会人。他们的家庭教育是以培养孩子富有开拓精神、能够成为一个自食其力的人为出发点的。让孩子自己动手修理摩托车，分担家里的割草、粉刷房屋、简单木工修理等活计。此外，还要外出当杂工，如夏天替人推割草机、冬天铲雪、秋天扫落叶等。在这种潜移默化的过程中，孩子逐渐成长为具有独立生存能力和社会责任感的公民。中国的许多家长望子成龙心切，因而超越孩子实际水平的高要求、拔苗助长的教育方式、恨铁不成钢的态度在家庭里到处弥漫。在孩子的成长过程中，除生活上加倍关心外，家长最关心的是孩子的学习。似乎学习好就是万能的，而对孩子的独立生活能力、社会适应能力、心理健康程度、道德情操以及公民意识等则关心甚少，有的甚至完全不顾。从孩子出生到成年，家长几乎把孩子的一切都包了下来，做饭、洗衣服、打扫、攒钱供孩子读大学、出国、结婚、养儿育女等。尽管我们的家长都希望孩子成才、幸福，而这样的家庭教育既不可能令孩子成才，也难以让孩子得到幸福，因为社会的竞争，决不仅仅是知识和智能的较量，更多的是意志、心理状态和做人的比拼。● 西方的家长更加重视孩子健康心理的培养，因而很注意与孩子的情感交流，关心孩子的心理需要。家长把快乐教育作为一项重要的教育内容来实施。他们经常和孩子一起讨论问题，孩子遇到不顺心的事也愿意跟家长商量。心理学的研究表明，健康的心理对于孩子的成才和健康人格的塑造至关重要。而中国家长对子女的关心基本上集中在孩子的生理需要方面，很少关心甚至根本无视孩子的心理需求，忽视孩子健康心理的培养和性格、意志的磨炼。其结果是在相当程度上导致了孩子的心理承受能力过低，以至经不起生活中的压力和挫折，即使是一件小事也能使他沮丧、颓废、自暴自弃，动辄离家出走，甚至轻生厌世。● 西方家长重视从日常行为与情感中对孩子进行“做人的教育”，注重从内心情感去尊重别人，看重的是日常生活的行为与习惯的培养。而我国家长和幼儿教师往往脱离孩子心理发展的实际，例如幼儿园时就提出爱国主义、革命英雄主义、伟大理想主义的教育，忽视基础的行为习惯、良好的人际交往等与孩子发展阶段相适应的“做人的教育”。我们一直谈教育要循序渐进，这不仅适用于智力教育、知识教育，同样适合于做人做事的道德教育。现在我们的孩子道德观念淡漠，社会性发展差，这与家长忽视对孩子最基础的“做人教育”不无关系。● 西方家长“鼓励创新”,鼓励孩子去超越前人，相信孩子具有同成人一样的独立研究和动手的能力，能以宽容的心态去营造一个利于培养孩子创造力的环境和氛围。他们对孩子所做的种种探索行为往往持积极、肯定的态度，鼓励孩子在生活中提出不同的见解，并对其中的疑问进行积极的探索。即使家长认为孩子的某一行为并不具有积极的效果，他们也不会过多地干涉，而是让孩子在自己进行的探索中逐渐认识到自己的问题，并予以纠正。而中国家长往往“满足于克隆”，教导孩子在前人面前止步。对孩子的探索活动大部分是持否定态度的。他们往往把孩子自己进行的“探索活动”视作“胡闹”而加以制止。例如美国孩子拆了家里的闹钟，若能装回，多数家长会称赞孩子，若是装不回，许多家长会与孩子一道把闹钟装上，甚至鼓励孩子再拆、重装一次。但中国孩子若拆了家里的闹钟，就算自己能装回，恐怕也没几个敢告诉家长的。孩子往往在家长的严格管教下被熄灭了创造性火花。从以上的对比中我们不难看出，中西方的家庭教育从宏观到微观都存在着显著的差异。外国家长重视的恰恰是中国家长忽视的。西方家长教导孩子：跌倒了自己爬起来，做错事自己纠正，自尊并尊重别人，全身心锻炼，按兴趣学习。他们鼓励孩子成为梦想家，成为自己心目中的成功者。中国的家长们，您不妨借鉴一下。三、社会环境的影响中国最缺的，是责任教育！对自己的言行负责，对社会、民族负责！教育不是只在学校，还在家里，在周围环境，在社会氛围。而现在，常见到家长，学校，周围环境在推卸责任：家长说：“我把孩子送到学校，教育好他就是学校的责任”；学校说：“他逃学都是因为周围的网吧，歌房太多了”；网吧老板说：“我只是开一家店挣点钱养家糊口，是他自己逃学来玩的”。来看看美国，经常可以见到大人教育小孩，而那个小孩并不是他的孩子，大人也不是什么教师。为什么？就是因为：“美国人把每一个孩子都当作是自己的孩子，教育自己的孩子是每一个美国人的责任”；在英国，每一个欧巴桑的威力大家都知道，她们总是在自觉的监督年青人的行为，好像警察一般。这两个国家已经把教育下一代的责任交给了每个公民，每个公民也在为国家的未来负责。而在国内，又有谁把教育下一代国人视为自己的责任呢？看到不认识的小孩有不对的地方，又有谁会上前去教育他，指出他的错误呢？教育制度不完善，官员贪污腐、、、、这些问题的存在，管理者有不可推卸的责任！你，我，所有国人，甚至包括受教育者，谁可免责？如果每人都确实负起自己的责任，又会是一番什么样的景象呢？从以上三点可以看出，为什么西方的孩子更容易获得成功。学校的教育、家庭的教育和社会环境的影响是相互相诚的，对孩子一生的影响是至关重要的。西方的教育重在启蒙，发掘潜力，尊重自由，尊重个性的发展。孩子在这三者的潜移默化的影响下，多一份质疑，多一份思考，多一份热情，多一些创造。这是值得我们借鉴的

隐喻的中西方文化差异Abstract: Metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon but also a way of thinking, which is one of the basic methods for human survival and cognition. It is rooted in language, thought and culture. Through the analysis and comparison of the use and concept of metaphor in different countries, we find that its universality and commonality of the metaphor as a basic human cognitive activities. However, metaphor in different languages reflects a different way of thinking and behavior and different cultural patterns. Owing to the different two modes of thinking and culture, there are some differences in understanding and formation that can not be ignored. Therefore, this paper will discuss the questions : metaphor, cross-cultural differences, translation. 1. Preamble Metaphor is a common phenomenon, a large number of people use metaphor to express his feelings and ideas. British scientists rhetoric Richards (IARichards) once said, "We have day-to-day in almost every conversation in three sentences may be a metaphor." According to statistics, life around the use of 4,700,000 new metaphor, 2,140,000 stereotypes of metaphor. Research in recent years, there is a great metaphor. This article introduced in the definition of metaphor on the basis of summing up the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western metaphor, and that its culture, precisely because of the prevalence of metaphor, how to translate metaphor has become a very important issue in the latter part of the article is aimed at The translation of metaphor put forward a translation of the three strategies. This paper studies aimed at trying to comparative analysis of English and Chinese in a large number of day-to-day language of metaphor to express, find out the differences and similarities, in order to be able to accurately translate the article in good metaphor to explore a little. This article is about the metaphor from the point of view to explore the differences in the way Thinking allows us to a deeper understanding of language, culture, the relationship between thinking and can more clearly understand the different ethnic language, culture, way of thinking, and so on On the nature of translation. 2. Metaphors in Chinese and Western studies In 1980, Lakoff & Johnson (George Lakoff & Mark Johnson) made a "living metaphor" (Metaphors We Live By) of the book, a modern metaphor to open a new chapter in the school. Domestic academia on the "metaphor" This is also a review of the system, such as Lin Wu's book "Study abroad metaphor Looking at the" beam-setting "metaphor research," Li of China and India "The main subjects Metaphor" and so on. However, the Chinese metaphor for the academic study of rare. "Chinese scholars on the study of metaphor, I am afraid the real contribution should be through the metaphor of the Chinese characteristics of research and study, through the metaphor of the Chinese and other languages in the comparative study of metaphor, metaphor for the establishment of a more general theory of the strong, and even unique The basis. "Lin Wu in the book" metaphor of the basic research the status quo, and the focus of the trend "in the main text, put forward a model of cultural metaphors with the relationship:" The language of metaphor is the emergence of expression into the system, which not only reflects the psychological Structure, but also reflect the different cultural models also play a role. " metaphor in the relationship between Chinese and Western cultures relationship Correspond to (corresponding) refers to the relationship between the two languages, English and Chinese in the meaning and metaphor in the use of the same meaning in the culture and image, and so on and-one mapping. This is because the survival of mankind itself, as well as all the external conditions, including the geographical environment, climate change, and the whole of human society and cultural background are certain there is a common, which formed a common humanity of their own and the outside world on many issues. In the "angry" mood, the English are angry that physiological responses, such as: grind one's teeth. (Teeth), bare one's teeth. (Ziyaliezui) an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. (an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth), reflecting the Chinese culture on the basis of common experience. non-correspondence English-Chinese metaphor, after all, rooted in two different languages on the soil, resulting in very different cultural backgrounds, fully corresponds to the few metaphors, the vast majority do not have common cultural identity in order to form the corresponding non-(non-corresponding ) Relations. Non-relationship metaphor can be roughly divided into three categories: Vehicle counterpart, Yu Yi does not correspond to English and Chinese in some cases there is the same as a metaphor, but in their own language and culture in the meaning of the metaphor means is different, even different. Peacock in the Chinese culture is auspicious, a symbol of beauty, especially the Dai people to express jumped Pavaner desire to better their own. If the Chinese people will be likened to a peacock, it means that beautiful light. However, in English, peacock (Peacock) is a symbol of pride, often interpreted as arrogance, love to show off. For example, They were eager to take the young peacock down a peg. (They want to pressure a pressure that the arrogant young guy's momentum). counterpart Yu Yi, the vehicle does not correspond to English-Chinese two nations due to their differences, from different angles to look at things the same, it will be a different analogy. As a result both English and Chinese language there is a different vehicle, but Yu was referring to was basically the same as the meaning of the case, that is the same kind of non-correspondence. Such as: a person described as the hearts of anxious, restless, Chinese is "ants on the hot pan" and English is "a cat on the bricks". There are similar: To kick down the ladder. Guohechaiqiao. Yu Yu Yi and do not correspond to Some of the metaphors Yu-Yu has a meaning and it refers to the language and culture are closely related, in another culture often can not find corresponding Yu and Yu Yi, which resulted in a culture known as the default Phenomenon. For example: in English "my rib" I am referring to Yu's wife, it comes from the "Bible" story, that is, Adam (Adam)'s wife Eve (Eve) God is with a piece of Adam's rib made. The Chinese did not, "the Bible" cultural background, and there was no analogy with rib habit, so the formation of a corresponding gap. Similarly, "ugly duckling" (Ugly Duckling) refers to the metaphor will get ahead of Little, "early bird" refers to the diligent Yu, in the words into Chinese language, culture, as a result of the default, can not find a corresponding relationship between metaphor . Chinese and Western cultures in the common metaphor Metaphor and culture to a large extent, human beings have a common understanding, rooted in the people's own day-to-day experience. In this connection, often between different ethnic groups are the same. Both English and Chinese language in a lot of abstract thinking that the metaphorical expression is the same. For example: the human child in the period to form a position on the concept of input in that direction in the form of many of them easily understood, including the position expressed by metaphor, which has become a fixed pattern of thinking. For example: The term direction (up, down) to describe people's social status, physical, emotional, and other abstract concepts to the case when the good is up; Sad is down. We Chinese are also not difficult to find a similar sentence: "Gas Prices "," enhance the social status "and" vision "and" depressed. " Since the objective laws of nature with the relative unity of different cultures to understand the nature of the course is similar to the cognitive experience. in the metaphor of the difference between Chinese and Western cultures As the English-Chinese geographical and cultural differences, living in two different cultures in practice there are a lot of differences, and different life experiences and let people understand the objective world, a different language carries different nationalities Cultural characteristics and cultural information. Understanding of metaphor is not out of socio-cultural backgrounds. For example, social and cultural impact of the color words is deep-rooted, some color words in different cultures in an entirely different meaning, has a distinctive feature of our national culture. Such as: English, said in green "inexperienced" and "shallow knowledge", such as: "a green hand", "I was very green when I started working there." The Chinese like to express the meaning of the word is "yellow" Such as: "Huangmaoyatou" and "flower girl". Cultural background knowledge is the metaphor to create a rich source of thinking, as the Eastern and Western cultures are different, metaphors in English and Chinese applications there are also significant differences. The metaphor of the cross-cultural differences between Chinese and Western influence Language is a cultural change in the development of the complex, subject to political, economic, historical, environmental and other factors. Chinese and Western styles are different, but in many ways to infiltrate interaction and integration, language differences and cultural metaphor for the inevitable impact is complex and diverse. metaphorical expression of cultural conflict Different nationalities in the world to observe a different perspective and ideas, different cultures there are a lot of conflict or inconsistency metaphor. If the animal metaphors, in English Long (dragon) is a kind of evil, will belch out smoke monster. "Bible", the dragon is the devil, is a symbol of evil and terror, there is a terrible vicious meaning. The Chinese dragon is in power, the auspicious symbol of Chinese traditional culture, the Chinese have "Wangzichenglong", "descendants of the Dragon." The same analogy in different cultures, different meaning, of two cultures "Dragon" to give a different connotation. differences in living conditions caused by differences in metaphor In English is a lot of metaphor and marine-related, such as: all at sea (at a loss what to do); drink like a fish (drinking cow); fish in the air (Shuizhonglaoyue); give up the ship (give up). In Chinese, there are a lot of the horse or cattle pose a metaphor, such as: "a willing ox" (a willing horse) Gan means to serve the community; "old ox" (a working horse) refers to the hard work; "bragging "(Talk horse), and so on. This is due to different geographical location and natural environment caused by different cultural metaphor. Britain is an island, ultimately, dependent on the sea, and China is a large agricultural country, farming culture deeply feudal society. different religious and cultural differences arising from the metaphor Religious culture of human culture is an important part of it by referring to the nation's religious beliefs, such as the formation of the sense of culture, "the Bible" in the story, with its language and meaning has become a feature of daily life in the West in terms of . For example, power of the keys (the keys to the kingdom of heaven; the rights of the Pope), in the right church, but in the wrong pew (in general is right, but not the details), and so on. Chinese culture and Buddhism, Taoism and more affected by the impact of Confucianism, the Chinese, there are a lot of related argot. "Jiehuaxianfo"; "临时抱佛脚"; "做一天和尚撞一天钟" and so on. It is due to the diversity of culture, resulting in the differences between English and Chinese metaphor. This difference to the cross-cultural communication has brought the impact. As a foreign language students, do not understand the difference between metaphor and language will make mistakes, sometimes mistakenly made good as pleasant, caused by either one or both of the conversation unpleasant; also sometimes mocked as a praise. When a native language other operators do not understand the language contained in the cultural differences, it is often difficult for such language to accurately convey the meaning of the understanding, difficulty to the cross-cultural exchange. 3. Metaphor of the three methods of translation The translation of metaphor not only accurately and effectively convey the original language, but also loyal, accessible, complete reproduction of the original language and cultural connotation and significance. But in the West because of cultural differences and different, so the translation of metaphor in English on the need to consider not only its literal sense, and so on, but also in the West should pay attention to their cultural differences. American Eugene Nida said: "Translation is the exchange between the two cultures. The real success of the translation, even more familiar with the two cultures is more important to master two languages. Because only in terms of its role in the culture In the background will only be meaningful. "Therefore, the translation of metaphor to combining Chinese and Western cultures, and cultural backgrounds to leave the translation, can not be achieved between the two languages of the real exchange. Literal Translation The so-called "literal" is asked in the language when conditions permit, in the translation to maintain the original content, but also to maintain the original form, in particular, to maintain the original metaphor, the image of the nation, and other local color. In the literal translation method to maintain the original expression of the culture and at the same time, target enriched the vocabulary and expression, such as: "a Pandora's box" (Pandora's Box); "chain reaction" (chain reaction). In the original text and asked the information contained in the same culture, we should adopt the literal translation method. (1) You are my sunshine, my only sunshine. : You are my sun, my only sunshine. In Chinese and English, the sun is warm, beautiful, in both languages, they disseminate information on culture are the same. As a rule, and asked in the original text in the form of grammatical structure, similar to the style or color on basically the same, the law should adopt the literal translation. (1) He is another Shylock. : He is also a Shylock. (Note: Shakespeare's Shylock is "The Merchant of Venice" in a very harsh mean business People. ) (2) To carry coals to Newcastle. : Coal to Newcastle. (Note: "Newcastle" is a British coal, coal is superfluous here.) 4. Conclusion Metaphor as a way to figures of speech or skills, a unique feature of grammar, which features make the sentence more flexible and constructive, but the United States. Is a metaphor to express more complex ideas and things, a powerful tool. Wherever and whenever people in their daily lives are often used metaphor. As Mr. Lin Zhuang said: "The metaphor is no longer expanding his knowledge and understanding of a passive process. To help us in the form of new knowledge, the metaphor has played an active role so that we can better a better understanding of the objective world." In English and Chinese Metaphorical significance of the difference is due to cultural differences between East and West, that mode of thinking, moral values and sense of difference. However, different cultural impact of what is the concept of metaphor, it is still a need to examine and address the problem. At the same time, in the metaphor of the process of translation must pay special attention to cultural differences. The best translation is to be able to accurately reflect the true meaning of the author, as well as its cultural and stylistic characteristics of the translation, that is, the translation of metaphor to make as much as possible the original language and to achieve the target language culture, and so on.