High Blood Pressure Causes Memory Lapse?Public health researchers say it is largely the result of increases in obesity, smoking and high blood beer drinking seemed to be the most beneficial form of alcohol in reducing the risk of high blood lifestyle predisposed him to high blood blood pressure contributes to more excess deaths in women than any other preventable may be explained at least partly by alcohol-induced high blood pressure, the researchers say high blood pressure, heart disease, smoking, diabetes and high cholesterol all increase the risk of let's stop smoking, drinking...Let's have a healthy lifestyle.
it was in 's people was very pain. Medicine is very offices say :they blive the United State.
For most foreigners, their first impression about China is the food,
糖尿病作为一种代谢性疾病，其患病率随经济的发展呈逐年增加趋势。糖尿病对人体的危害主要是造成各种器官功能障碍和衰竭。下面是我带来的关于糖尿病的英文 文章 ，欢迎阅读!
关于糖尿病的英文文章1
糖尿病英文简介-What is diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects over 150 million people in the world today.
The precentage of people suffering from diabetes is increasing rapidly, to the point where many medical authorities are referring to it as an epidemic.
So what is diabetes?
Diabetes prevents your body from turning your food into energy. Instead glucose stays in your bloodstream, and left untreated can result in a range of complications.
If you have recently been diagnosed as diabetic, don't worry. With proper treatment and care, you will lead a normal and happy life. You may need to make a few changes in your lifestyle - but then, if you are like me, you probably had plans to do that anyway and just never got round to it.
Now is the time to kick yourself into action. You cannot leave this up to your doctor alone - it needs you to take responsibility for your own treatment, and that starts with understanding what you are dealing with.
There are three types of Diabetes:
Type 1 Diabetes, (sometimes called Juvenile Diabetes) is usually found in young children and teenagers, but can also occur later in life.
In Type 1 Diabetes, your body is not producing insulin, a hormone needed to convert blood sugar into energy. Normally this hormone is produced by cells in your pancreas, but for some reason this is not happening as it should.
As the glucose in your blood can't be converted into energy and absorbed by your cells, it builds up causing high blood sugar.
Left untreated, high blood sugar can cause serious long-term health problems.
The normal treatment for people with type 1 diabetes is daily injections of insulin which keeps the blood sugar level within normal ranges.
Finding out you have diabetes can be upsetting, but it should not prevent you from living a long and happy life.
If you think this condition will prevent you leading an active life, consider Sir Steve Redgrave, one of the World's greatest Olympic athletes.
Sir Steve battled type 1 diabetes to win his record-breaking fifth Olympic Gold medal at the Sydney games in the coxless fours rowing event!
Type 2 diabetes (sometimes called mature onset diabetes) is the most common form of diabetes.
As with Type 1 Diabetes, the problem is related to insulin, a hormone needed to convert sugar into energy.
With Type 2 diabetes your body might be producing too little insulin, or it might not be reacting to the insulin correctly. Either way, the end result is that glucose builds up in the bloodstream instead of going into the cells. Left untreated, high blood sugar can cause serious long-term health problems.
Type 2 diabetes usually appears later in life, often between the ages of 35-45 years. As it often develops slowly, many people may not recognise the symptoms, and may have diabetes without knowing it.
If you have recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, you are one of the lucky ones. Many people have diabetes without knowing it, and are at much greater risk of long term medical complications.
Finding out you have diabetes can be upsetting, but it should not prevent you from living a long and happy life. You may need to make a few changes in your lifestyle, but these changes are also good advice for non-diabetics, so probably a good idea anyway.
Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes, that is only suffered by pregnant women.
In Gestational diabetes, a woman’s blood sugar is higher than normal because of the other hormones pridcued during preganancy interfere with the insulin that is produced naturally.
Gestational diabetes usually becomes apparent during the 24th to 28th weeks of pregnancy, and, in most cases, disappears of its own accord once the baby is born.
Women with gestational diabetes usually do NOT have an increased risk of having a baby with birth defects.
Generally, sufferers of gestational diabetes have normal blood sugar levels during the critical first stages of the preganancy.
Whilst there can be complications caused by gestational diabetes, these can usually be managed by careful attention to nutrition and blood sugar levels.
Approximately 3 to 5 percent of all pregnant women in the developed world suffer from gestational diabetes.
关于糖尿病的英文文章2
医学英语 糖尿病专业词汇
A1C –Hemoglobin A1c 醣化血色素
A-II receptor antagonist/blockers-ARA [ARB]血管张力素II 接受体拮抗剂/阻断剂
A chain,insulin, 胰岛素α链
Acanthosis nigrans, 皮肤棘状黑色素瘤
Acarbose，一种α-葡萄苷酶抑制剂 ,Acarbose [Glucobay-Bayer]
Accountability measures 质量改善度评量
ACCU-Check Compact-Roche Diabetes Monitoring Kit 一种携带型血糖机
Accupril --Quinapril [Acupril-Parke Davis]之商品名
ACEI=ACE inhibitor 血管张力素转化酶抑制剂 [ACEI 非正式名词]
ACE inhibitors 血管张力素转化酶抑制剂
ACE-K煮甜甜--Acesulfame Potassium [煮甜甜—益富]一种Sweatener 甜味矫味剂
Aceon--Perindopril [Aceon-Solvay] [Acertil-Servier]一种血管张力素转换酶抑制剂
Acertil--Perindopril [Aceon-Solvay] [Acertil-Servier]一种血管张力素转换酶抑制剂
Acesulfame Potassium =ACE-K [煮甜甜—益富]- 一种Sweatener 甜味矫味剂,
Adalat--Nifedipine [Adalat-Bayer] [Adalat OROS-Bayer] 一种钙离子径路阻断剂
Adalat OROS--Nifedipine[Adalat OROS-Bayer]一种钙离子径路阻断剂 长效型
Adhesion molecule 黏着分子 与动脉硬化形成有关，可被HDL抑制
Acertil --Perinodopril [Acertil-Servier]商品名,属于ACE inhibitor用于糖尿肾病变
Acetoacetate 乙酰乙酸盐 乙酰醋酸
Acetohexamide 口服降糖药物 Acetohexamide [Dymelor-Lilly]
Acetone 丙酮
Acetylsalicylic acid: [Aspirin-Bayer],乙酰水杨酸,阿司匹林
Acidosis 酸血症
Acipimox [Olbetam-Pharmacia] 烟碱酸类降脂剂
Acromegaly肢端肥大症
Action--Insulin 胰岛素之作用
Actos –Pioglitazone,Insulin sensitizer胰岛素敏感度反应性增强剂 新降血糖药物
Actrapid Human Insulin-Novo Regular, Human insulin快速作用型 人体胰岛素
Acute myocardial infarction急性心肌梗塞
ADA=American Diabetes Association 美国糖尿病学会
Additive--Insulin胰岛素制剂之添加剂
ADDQOL=Adult of Diabetes Dependent QOL成人糖尿病相应生活质量
Adhesion--Insulin 胰岛素沾粘性
Adrenergic blockers交感神经阻断剂
Aducut--Delapril [Adecut-武田] 一种血管张力素转换酶抑制剂
Adult of Diabetes Dependent QOL=ADDQOL成人糖尿病相应生活质量
Adult Treatment Panel III , National Cholesterol education Program =NCEP ATP III
AER Albumin excretion rate尿液白蛋白排出率
With the improvement of people's life level,various healthy problems come out one after the other,including the to prevent us from the diabetes is very should eat the cereal food and aviod having to much fat as much as keeping seated for too long,and doing some sports everyday is quite necessary,which can prevent us from growing addition,having a plenty of sleep should also be kept in 's more,having a physical examination regularly can help us find out our healthy problems earlier so that we won't miss the best chance to heal them.
For most foreigners, their first impression about China is the food,
With the improvement of people's life level,various healthy problems come out one after the other,including the to prevent us from the diabetes is very should eat the cereal food and aviod having to much fat as much as keeping seated for too long,and doing some sports everyday is quite necessary,which can prevent us from growing addition,having a plenty of sleep should also be kept in 's more,having a physical examination regularly can help us find out our healthy problems
High Blood Pressure Causes Memory Lapse?Public health researchers say it is largely the result of increases in obesity, smoking and high blood beer drinking seemed to be the most beneficial form of alcohol in reducing the risk of high blood lifestyle predisposed him to high blood blood pressure contributes to more excess deaths in women than any other preventable may be explained at least partly by alcohol-induced high blood pressure, the researchers say high blood pressure, heart disease, smoking, diabetes and high cholesterol all increase the risk of let's stop smoking, drinking...Let's have a healthy lifestyle.
With the improvement of people's life level,various healthy problems come out one after the other,including the to prevent us from the diabetes is very should eat the cereal food and aviod having to much fat as much as keeping seated for too long,and doing some sports everyday is quite necessary,which can prevent us from growing addition,having a plenty of sleep should also be kept in 's more,having a physical examination regularly can help us find out our healthy problems earlier so that we won't miss the best chance to heal them.
High Blood Pressure Causes Memory Lapse?Public health researchers say it is largely the result of increases in obesity, smoking and high blood beer drinking seemed to be the most beneficial form of alcohol in reducing the risk of high blood lifestyle predisposed him to high blood blood pressure contributes to more excess deaths in women than any other preventable may be explained at least partly by alcohol-induced high blood pressure, the researchers say high blood pressure, heart disease, smoking, diabetes and high cholesterol all increase the risk of let's stop smoking, drinking...Let's have a healthy lifestyle.
it was in 's people was very pain. Medicine is very offices say :they blive the United State.
糖尿病作为一种代谢性疾病，其患病率随经济的发展呈逐年增加趋势。糖尿病对人体的危害主要是造成各种器官功能障碍和衰竭。下面是我带来的关于糖尿病的英文 文章 ，欢迎阅读!
关于糖尿病的英文文章1
糖尿病英文简介-What is diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects over 150 million people in the world today.
The precentage of people suffering from diabetes is increasing rapidly, to the point where many medical authorities are referring to it as an epidemic.
So what is diabetes?
Diabetes prevents your body from turning your food into energy. Instead glucose stays in your bloodstream, and left untreated can result in a range of complications.
If you have recently been diagnosed as diabetic, don't worry. With proper treatment and care, you will lead a normal and happy life. You may need to make a few changes in your lifestyle - but then, if you are like me, you probably had plans to do that anyway and just never got round to it.
Now is the time to kick yourself into action. You cannot leave this up to your doctor alone - it needs you to take responsibility for your own treatment, and that starts with understanding what you are dealing with.
There are three types of Diabetes:
Type 1 Diabetes, (sometimes called Juvenile Diabetes) is usually found in young children and teenagers, but can also occur later in life.
In Type 1 Diabetes, your body is not producing insulin, a hormone needed to convert blood sugar into energy. Normally this hormone is produced by cells in your pancreas, but for some reason this is not happening as it should.
As the glucose in your blood can't be converted into energy and absorbed by your cells, it builds up causing high blood sugar.
Left untreated, high blood sugar can cause serious long-term health problems.
The normal treatment for people with type 1 diabetes is daily injections of insulin which keeps the blood sugar level within normal ranges.
Finding out you have diabetes can be upsetting, but it should not prevent you from living a long and happy life.
If you think this condition will prevent you leading an active life, consider Sir Steve Redgrave, one of the World's greatest Olympic athletes.
Sir Steve battled type 1 diabetes to win his record-breaking fifth Olympic Gold medal at the Sydney games in the coxless fours rowing event!
Type 2 diabetes (sometimes called mature onset diabetes) is the most common form of diabetes.
As with Type 1 Diabetes, the problem is related to insulin, a hormone needed to convert sugar into energy.
With Type 2 diabetes your body might be producing too little insulin, or it might not be reacting to the insulin correctly. Either way, the end result is that glucose builds up in the bloodstream instead of going into the cells. Left untreated, high blood sugar can cause serious long-term health problems.
Type 2 diabetes usually appears later in life, often between the ages of 35-45 years. As it often develops slowly, many people may not recognise the symptoms, and may have diabetes without knowing it.
If you have recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, you are one of the lucky ones. Many people have diabetes without knowing it, and are at much greater risk of long term medical complications.
Finding out you have diabetes can be upsetting, but it should not prevent you from living a long and happy life. You may need to make a few changes in your lifestyle, but these changes are also good advice for non-diabetics, so probably a good idea anyway.
Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes, that is only suffered by pregnant women.
In Gestational diabetes, a woman’s blood sugar is higher than normal because of the other hormones pridcued during preganancy interfere with the insulin that is produced naturally.
Gestational diabetes usually becomes apparent during the 24th to 28th weeks of pregnancy, and, in most cases, disappears of its own accord once the baby is born.
Women with gestational diabetes usually do NOT have an increased risk of having a baby with birth defects.
Generally, sufferers of gestational diabetes have normal blood sugar levels during the critical first stages of the preganancy.
Whilst there can be complications caused by gestational diabetes, these can usually be managed by careful attention to nutrition and blood sugar levels.
Approximately 3 to 5 percent of all pregnant women in the developed world suffer from gestational diabetes.
关于糖尿病的英文文章2
医学英语 糖尿病专业词汇
A1C –Hemoglobin A1c 醣化血色素
A-II receptor antagonist/blockers-ARA [ARB]血管张力素II 接受体拮抗剂/阻断剂
A chain,insulin, 胰岛素α链
Acanthosis nigrans, 皮肤棘状黑色素瘤
Acarbose，一种α-葡萄苷酶抑制剂 ,Acarbose [Glucobay-Bayer]
Accountability measures 质量改善度评量
ACCU-Check Compact-Roche Diabetes Monitoring Kit 一种携带型血糖机
Accupril --Quinapril [Acupril-Parke Davis]之商品名
ACEI=ACE inhibitor 血管张力素转化酶抑制剂 [ACEI 非正式名词]
ACE inhibitors 血管张力素转化酶抑制剂
ACE-K煮甜甜--Acesulfame Potassium [煮甜甜—益富]一种Sweatener 甜味矫味剂
Aceon--Perindopril [Aceon-Solvay] [Acertil-Servier]一种血管张力素转换酶抑制剂
Acertil--Perindopril [Aceon-Solvay] [Acertil-Servier]一种血管张力素转换酶抑制剂
Acesulfame Potassium =ACE-K [煮甜甜—益富]- 一种Sweatener 甜味矫味剂,
Adalat--Nifedipine [Adalat-Bayer] [Adalat OROS-Bayer] 一种钙离子径路阻断剂
Adalat OROS--Nifedipine[Adalat OROS-Bayer]一种钙离子径路阻断剂 长效型
Adhesion molecule 黏着分子 与动脉硬化形成有关，可被HDL抑制
Acertil --Perinodopril [Acertil-Servier]商品名,属于ACE inhibitor用于糖尿肾病变
Acetoacetate 乙酰乙酸盐 乙酰醋酸
Acetohexamide 口服降糖药物 Acetohexamide [Dymelor-Lilly]
Acetone 丙酮
Acetylsalicylic acid: [Aspirin-Bayer],乙酰水杨酸,阿司匹林
Acidosis 酸血症
Acipimox [Olbetam-Pharmacia] 烟碱酸类降脂剂
Acromegaly肢端肥大症
Action--Insulin 胰岛素之作用
Actos –Pioglitazone,Insulin sensitizer胰岛素敏感度反应性增强剂 新降血糖药物
Actrapid Human Insulin-Novo Regular, Human insulin快速作用型 人体胰岛素
Acute myocardial infarction急性心肌梗塞
ADA=American Diabetes Association 美国糖尿病学会
Additive--Insulin胰岛素制剂之添加剂
ADDQOL=Adult of Diabetes Dependent QOL成人糖尿病相应生活质量
Adhesion--Insulin 胰岛素沾粘性
Adrenergic blockers交感神经阻断剂
Aducut--Delapril [Adecut-武田] 一种血管张力素转换酶抑制剂
Adult of Diabetes Dependent QOL=ADDQOL成人糖尿病相应生活质量
Adult Treatment Panel III , National Cholesterol education Program =NCEP ATP III
AER Albumin excretion rate尿液白蛋白排出率
糖尿病作为一种代谢性疾病，其患病率随经济的发展呈逐年增加趋势。糖尿病对人体的危害主要是造成各种器官功能障碍和衰竭。下面是我带来的关于糖尿病的英文 文章 ，欢迎阅读!
关于糖尿病的英文文章1
糖尿病英文简介-What is diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects over 150 million people in the world today.
The precentage of people suffering from diabetes is increasing rapidly, to the point where many medical authorities are referring to it as an epidemic.
So what is diabetes?
Diabetes prevents your body from turning your food into energy. Instead glucose stays in your bloodstream, and left untreated can result in a range of complications.
If you have recently been diagnosed as diabetic, don't worry. With proper treatment and care, you will lead a normal and happy life. You may need to make a few changes in your lifestyle - but then, if you are like me, you probably had plans to do that anyway and just never got round to it.
Now is the time to kick yourself into action. You cannot leave this up to your doctor alone - it needs you to take responsibility for your own treatment, and that starts with understanding what you are dealing with.
There are three types of Diabetes:
Type 1 Diabetes, (sometimes called Juvenile Diabetes) is usually found in young children and teenagers, but can also occur later in life.
In Type 1 Diabetes, your body is not producing insulin, a hormone needed to convert blood sugar into energy. Normally this hormone is produced by cells in your pancreas, but for some reason this is not happening as it should.
As the glucose in your blood can't be converted into energy and absorbed by your cells, it builds up causing high blood sugar.
Left untreated, high blood sugar can cause serious long-term health problems.
The normal treatment for people with type 1 diabetes is daily injections of insulin which keeps the blood sugar level within normal ranges.
Finding out you have diabetes can be upsetting, but it should not prevent you from living a long and happy life.
If you think this condition will prevent you leading an active life, consider Sir Steve Redgrave, one of the World's greatest Olympic athletes.
Sir Steve battled type 1 diabetes to win his record-breaking fifth Olympic Gold medal at the Sydney games in the coxless fours rowing event!
Type 2 diabetes (sometimes called mature onset diabetes) is the most common form of diabetes.
As with Type 1 Diabetes, the problem is related to insulin, a hormone needed to convert sugar into energy.
With Type 2 diabetes your body might be producing too little insulin, or it might not be reacting to the insulin correctly. Either way, the end result is that glucose builds up in the bloodstream instead of going into the cells. Left untreated, high blood sugar can cause serious long-term health problems.
Type 2 diabetes usually appears later in life, often between the ages of 35-45 years. As it often develops slowly, many people may not recognise the symptoms, and may have diabetes without knowing it.
If you have recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, you are one of the lucky ones. Many people have diabetes without knowing it, and are at much greater risk of long term medical complications.
Finding out you have diabetes can be upsetting, but it should not prevent you from living a long and happy life. You may need to make a few changes in your lifestyle, but these changes are also good advice for non-diabetics, so probably a good idea anyway.
Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes, that is only suffered by pregnant women.
In Gestational diabetes, a woman’s blood sugar is higher than normal because of the other hormones pridcued during preganancy interfere with the insulin that is produced naturally.
Gestational diabetes usually becomes apparent during the 24th to 28th weeks of pregnancy, and, in most cases, disappears of its own accord once the baby is born.
Women with gestational diabetes usually do NOT have an increased risk of having a baby with birth defects.
Generally, sufferers of gestational diabetes have normal blood sugar levels during the critical first stages of the preganancy.
Whilst there can be complications caused by gestational diabetes, these can usually be managed by careful attention to nutrition and blood sugar levels.
Approximately 3 to 5 percent of all pregnant women in the developed world suffer from gestational diabetes.
关于糖尿病的英文文章2
医学英语 糖尿病专业词汇
A1C –Hemoglobin A1c 醣化血色素
A-II receptor antagonist/blockers-ARA [ARB]血管张力素II 接受体拮抗剂/阻断剂
A chain,insulin, 胰岛素α链
Acanthosis nigrans, 皮肤棘状黑色素瘤
Acarbose，一种α-葡萄苷酶抑制剂 ,Acarbose [Glucobay-Bayer]
Accountability measures 质量改善度评量
ACCU-Check Compact-Roche Diabetes Monitoring Kit 一种携带型血糖机
Accupril --Quinapril [Acupril-Parke Davis]之商品名
ACEI=ACE inhibitor 血管张力素转化酶抑制剂 [ACEI 非正式名词]
ACE inhibitors 血管张力素转化酶抑制剂
ACE-K煮甜甜--Acesulfame Potassium [煮甜甜—益富]一种Sweatener 甜味矫味剂
Aceon--Perindopril [Aceon-Solvay] [Acertil-Servier]一种血管张力素转换酶抑制剂
Acertil--Perindopril [Aceon-Solvay] [Acertil-Servier]一种血管张力素转换酶抑制剂
Acesulfame Potassium =ACE-K [煮甜甜—益富]- 一种Sweatener 甜味矫味剂,
Adalat--Nifedipine [Adalat-Bayer] [Adalat OROS-Bayer] 一种钙离子径路阻断剂
Adalat OROS--Nifedipine[Adalat OROS-Bayer]一种钙离子径路阻断剂 长效型
Adhesion molecule 黏着分子 与动脉硬化形成有关，可被HDL抑制
Acertil --Perinodopril [Acertil-Servier]商品名,属于ACE inhibitor用于糖尿肾病变
Acetoacetate 乙酰乙酸盐 乙酰醋酸
Acetohexamide 口服降糖药物 Acetohexamide [Dymelor-Lilly]
Acetone 丙酮
Acetylsalicylic acid: [Aspirin-Bayer],乙酰水杨酸,阿司匹林
Acidosis 酸血症
Acipimox [Olbetam-Pharmacia] 烟碱酸类降脂剂
Acromegaly肢端肥大症
Action--Insulin 胰岛素之作用
Actos –Pioglitazone,Insulin sensitizer胰岛素敏感度反应性增强剂 新降血糖药物
Actrapid Human Insulin-Novo Regular, Human insulin快速作用型 人体胰岛素
Acute myocardial infarction急性心肌梗塞
ADA=American Diabetes Association 美国糖尿病学会
Additive--Insulin胰岛素制剂之添加剂
ADDQOL=Adult of Diabetes Dependent QOL成人糖尿病相应生活质量
Adhesion--Insulin 胰岛素沾粘性
Adrenergic blockers交感神经阻断剂
Aducut--Delapril [Adecut-武田] 一种血管张力素转换酶抑制剂
Adult of Diabetes Dependent QOL=ADDQOL成人糖尿病相应生活质量
Adult Treatment Panel III , National Cholesterol education Program =NCEP ATP III
AER Albumin excretion rate尿液白蛋白排出率
以间充质干细胞 (MSC) 为基础的治疗糖尿病相关代谢紊乱的方法受到细胞存活不足和高葡萄糖应激下治疗效果有限的阻碍。 2021年7月2日，清华大学杜亚楠团队在 Science Advances 在线发表题为“ Exendin-4 gene modification and microscaffold encapsulation promote self-persistence and antidiabetic activity of MSCs ”的研究论文，该研究 使用 Exendin-4（MSC-Ex-4）（一种胰高血糖素样肽 1（GLP-1）类似物）对 MSC 进行基因工程改造，并证明了它们在 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 小鼠模型中增强的细胞功能和抗糖尿病功效。 从机制上讲，MSC-Ex-4 通过 GLP-1R 介导的 AMPK 信号通路的自分泌激活实现了自我增强并提高了在高葡萄糖应激下的存活率。同时，MSC-Ex-4 分泌的 Exendin-4 通过内分泌作用抑制胰腺 β 细胞的衰老和凋亡，而 MSC-Ex-4 分泌的生物活性因子（例如，IGFBP2 和 APOM）则通过旁分泌增强胰岛素敏感性并通过 PI3K-Akt 激活减少肝细胞中的脂质积累。此外，该研究将 MSC-Ex-4 封装在 3D 明胶微支架中用于单剂量给药，以将治疗效果延长 3 个月。总之， 该研究结果提供了对 Exendin-4 介导的 MSCs 自我持续性和抗糖尿病活性的机制见解，为 T2DM 提供更有效的基于 MSC 的治疗。 迄今为止，全世界有超过 亿人患有糖尿病，预计到 2045 年这一数字将达到 7 亿。 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 约占糖尿病病例的 90%，其特征是胰岛素抵抗和高血糖，这是由肥胖、缺乏运动、不健康饮食和遗传引起的。当肝脏、肌肉和脂肪组织中的细胞对胰岛素无反应并导致葡萄糖摄取失败时，就会发生胰岛素抵抗。胰腺 β 细胞将通过增加胰岛素产生来补偿胰岛素抵抗，最终导致 β 细胞衰竭和不可逆的高血糖。因此， 长期暴露于慢性高血糖会抑制增殖并诱导 β 细胞凋亡，从而导致 β 细胞量减少和 β 细胞功能障碍。 此外， T2DM 与肝功能障碍密切相关，超过 90% 的 T2DM 肥胖患者患有代谢相关性脂肪肝 (MAFLD) 。 肝细胞通过将营养物质以糖原和甘油三酯 (TG) 的形式储存起来，在葡萄糖和脂质稳态中发挥着重要作用。在肝脏胰岛素抵抗状态下，胰岛素不能抑制糖异生，但会加速肝细胞中的脂肪酸合成，从而增加肝脏葡萄糖的产生和 TG 的积累。尽管存在 β 细胞和肝细胞功能障碍，但高血糖和高甘油三酯血症会加剧肌肉和脂肪组织的胰岛素抵抗状态，同时引起其他器官和组织的功能障碍。因此， T2DM 与多种并发症密不可分，包括冠心病、中风和视网膜病变。 除了改变生活方式外，还需应用降糖药物以更好地维持 T2DM 患者的正常血糖水平 。胰高血糖素样肽-1 (GLP-1) 是一种肠促胰岛素激素，通过与 GLP-1 受体 (GLP-1R) 相互作用来增加胰岛素和抑制胰高血糖素分泌，从而帮助控制血糖波动。然而，GLP-1 因其半衰期短而很少用于 T2DM 治疗，它会在几分钟内被二肽基肽酶-4 迅速降解。第一个获批用于 T2DM 治疗的 GLP-1R 激动剂 Exendin-4 是一种 39 个氨基酸的肽，是一种 GLP-1 类似物，半衰期较长，为 小时。它通过抑制细胞凋亡和促进细胞增殖来增强 β 细胞质量，从而增加胰岛素分泌量。此外，已证明 Exendin-4 是一种有效的候选药物，可减轻体重，改善糖尿病和 MAFLD。尽管 Exendin-4 在调节血糖和胰岛素反应方面有所改善，但由于肾脏消除，其血浆半衰期仍然有限。 因此，需要每天给药两次，这会导致血浆浓度的意外波动和 GLP-1R 的间歇性激活。 尽管上述降糖药物治疗带来了益处，但仍有部分患者无法恢复正常血糖或出现低血糖、腹泻、恶心、呕吐等多种副作用。 近年来，基于细胞的疗法已成为对抗包括 T2DM 在内的多种难治性疾病的替代方法。特别是，间充质干/基质细胞 (MSCs) 在一些临床前和临床尝试中已证明其对改善由 T2DM 引起的高血糖、胰岛素抵抗和全身炎症的治疗作用，从而为治疗 T2DM 提供了一种新方案。同时，技术进步仍然迫切需要将基于 MSC 的疗法成功转化为 T2DM 的临床治疗。 要克服的主要障碍之一是体内给药后 MSC 的增殖和存活率降低 。 因此，已 经研究了多种策略，例如生物材料封装、基因工程和 MSC 预处理 ，以提高存活率、延迟清除动力学和维持体内 MSC 分泌因子。 此外，优化 MSCs 的给药途径至关重要，因为静脉内给药的 MSCs 主要滞留在肺部和随后的组织中，导致治疗效果减弱。此外，对 MSCs 在 T2DM 中的治疗机制的全面了解仍然难以捉摸。MSCs 被证明可以促进内源性胰岛素的产生并刺激 β 细胞的增殖。此外， MSC 以其调节免疫反应的能力而闻名，这对于改善由 T2DM 引起的全身炎症至关重要 。 鉴于 Exendin-4 和 MSCs 在治疗 T2DM 方面的上述缺陷， 研究人员已经探索了如何协同 Exendin-4 和 MSCs 的治疗益处。 MSC 也已用 GLP-1 进行基因修饰，在 T2DM 治疗中显示出优于野生型 MSC 的治疗功效。然而，应该强调的是，这些组合疗法继承了许多缺陷。例如，当与 MSC 一起给药时，单剂量游离 Exendin-4 的治疗效果和持续时间是有限的。此外， 考虑到 GLP-1 的半衰期只有 2 分钟，而且治疗 T2DM 需要高有效剂量，预计 GLP-1 修饰的 MSCs 很难显著提高 MSCs 的治疗效果。 在这里，在发现人MSCs表达GLP-1R的基础上，该研究通过慢病毒转导系统构建了Exendin-4基因工程MSCs（MSC-Ex-4）来验证MSC-Ex- 4 分泌的Exendin-4可以通过 GLP-1R 介导的自分泌激活 AMPK 信号通路，从而通过延长其在高糖应激下的存活时间和增强抗糖尿病功效来潜在地促进自我持久性。该研究还探索了有关 MSC-Ex-4 保护胰腺 β 细胞的内分泌作用和 MSC-Ex-4 改善肝细胞功能的旁分泌作用的潜在机制。除了 MSC-Ex-4 分泌的 Exendin-4 外，推测 MSC-Ex-4 的其他分泌组可以减少细胞衰老和凋亡，同时促进胰腺 β 细胞的增殖，以及提高胰岛素敏感性和减少脂质积累。最后，该研究系统地提供了 多剂量的游离 MSC-Ex-4，并用可注射的三维 (3D) 明胶微支架 (GMs) 作为细胞封装和递送载体来辅助 MSC-Ex-4，以实现长效治疗效果单剂量局部给药。 总之， 该研究结果提供了对 Exendin-4 介导的 MSCs 自我持续性和抗糖尿病活性的机制见解，为 T2DM 提供更有效的基于 MSC 的治疗。 WOSCI沃斯编辑，耶鲁大学博士团队匠心打造，专注最新科学动态并提供各类科研学术指导，包括：前沿科学新闻、出版信息、期刊解析、SCI论文写作技巧、学术讲座、SCI论文润色等。
With the improvement of people's life level,various healthy problems come out one after the other,including the to prevent us from the diabetes is very should eat the cereal food and aviod having to much fat as much as keeping seated for too long,and doing some sports everyday is quite necessary,which can prevent us from growing addition,having a plenty of sleep should also be kept in 's more,having a physical examination regularly can help us find out our healthy problems earlier so that we won't miss the best chance to heal them.
这是一篇关于糖尿病的科普性的文章，题目是：糖尿病是什么？怎么会引起糖尿病？因为你要求的字数较少，所以推荐这篇，如果是学术性的一般都要4～5千字以上。
可以参考一下，毕竟不专业BasedonShanghaidistrictHISdatabasemanagementofdiabetesdrugusageandmanagementanalysisinthecrowd【abstract】(1)thedevelopmentofdiabetesforhigh-riskgroups,elderlypatients,diabetesmainages50to80yearsold;;Antidiabetesdrugsusingthetype,quantity,.(2)thedevelopmentzoneisthenumberintheleadofthedrugmetformin,followedbysulfonylurea,communitydiabetesdrugtreatmentwithsulfonylureaandmetforminclasssingleorcombinedmajority;Inaddition,thelowutilizationrateofinsulin(),andmostofthedrugssuchasinsulinDUI>1,promptsthedevelopmentzoneinanunreasonableuseofinsulin,;Communitydiabetespatientsbasicdrugtreatmentwithsulfonylureaandmetforminclasssingleorcombination;Inanunreasonableuseofinsulin,insulintherapyincommunitydiabeticcrowdfailedtoexerttheefficacyof;Diabeticpopulationdoserateislow,poormedicationcomplianceandlowrateofcontinuousglucosemonitoring.【keywords】diabetesdrugsinfrequencyanalysisofrationaldruguse
Diabetes is a group characterized by high blood sugar and metabolic diseases. Hyperglycemia is due to defects in insulin secretion or action of biological damage, or both cause. Longstanding diabetes high blood sugar, leading to a variety of organizations, particularly chronic damage to the eyes, kidneys, heart, blood vessels, nerves, and of disease1. genetic factorsType 1 or type 2 diabetes are significant genetic heterogeneity. Diabetes onset familial tendency, 1/4 to 1/2 patients have a family history of diabetes. Clinically, there are at least 60 or more kinds of genetic syndromes may be associated with diabetes. Type 1 diabetes has multiple DNA sites involved in the pathogenesis, which DQ polymorphism loci HLA antigen genes most closely. In type 2 diabetes has found a variety of mutations in specific genes, such as the insulin gene, insulin receptor gene, glucokinase genes, mitochondrial . envirnmental factorEating too much physical activity to reduce obesity leads to type 2 diabetes is the most important environmental factors that make individuals with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes genetic morbidity. Type 1 diabetes patients with immune system abnormalities, after some viruses such as coxsackie virus, rubella virus, parotid gland virus infection leads to autoimmune reactions, destroy the insulin β manifestations1. Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia and weight lossThe typical "little" severe symptoms of high blood sugar, more common in type 1 diabetes. When ketosis or ketoacidosis, "a little" more obvious . Fatigue, weakness, obesityMore common in type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes often before the onset of obesity, if not timely diagnosis, weight will gradually examination1. blood sugarIt is the Sole Criterion for the diagnosis of diabetes. Obviously "a little" symptoms, as long as the abnormal blood glucose level can be diagnosed once. Asymptomatic diabetes diagnosis requires two abnormal blood glucose level. Suspects to be done to 75g glucose tolerance . UrineOften positive. Positive urine when blood glucose concentration exceeds the renal threshold for glucose (160 to 180 mg / dl). Renal glucose threshold increased blood sugar even reach a diagnosis of diabetes can be negative. Therefore, urine is not measured as diagnostic . KetonePositive urine ketone ketosis or . Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)Is a non-enzymatic reaction of glucose and hemoglobin product of the reaction is not reversible, stable HbA1c levels reflect the average blood glucose level before taking the blood of two months. Analyzing the state of glycemic control is the most valuable . Glycated serum proteinIt is a non-enzymatic reaction with glucose serum albumin product of the combination, before taking reflect the average blood glucose level of 1 to 3 . Serum insulin and C-peptide levelsReflect reserve islet β cells. Type 2 diabetes early or obese normal or elevated serum insulin, as the disease progresses, islet function gradually decline, decreased insulin . LipidDiabetic dyslipidemia common in poorly controlled blood sugar especially. Expressed as triglycerides, total cholesterol, elevated LDL cholesterol levels. Reduce high-density lipoprotein cholesterol . Immune IndexesIslet cell antibodies (ICA), insulin autoantibodies (IAA) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies are type 1 diabetes humoral immune abnormalities of three important indicators, which GAD antibody positive rate, long duration of 1 Great value diabetes diagnosis. In type 1 diabetes in first-degree relatives also have some positive rate, meaning there is prediction of type 1 . Urinary albumin excretion, RIA or enzyme-linked methodCan be easily detected by urinary albumin excretion, early diabetic nephropathy urinary albumin increased diagnosis usually is not difficult, fasting blood glucose greater than or equal to mmol / l, and / or two-hour postprandial blood glucose greater than or equal to mmol / l can be confirmed. After the diagnosis of diabetes to be typing: diabetesAge of onset of light, mostly <30 years, sudden onset, polydipsia and polyuria more food weight loss symptoms, high blood sugar levels, many patients with ketoacidosis as the first symptom, serum insulin and C-peptide levels low, ICA, IAA or GAD antibody positive. Oral medication alone is invalid, required insulin diabetesCommon in the elderly, a high incidence of obesity, often associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and other diseases. Insidious onset, early without any symptoms, or only mild weakness, thirst, blood sugar tolerance test were not obvious to be done to confirm the diagnosis. Serum insulin levels normal or increased early and late low.
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