中美婚俗比较研究论文

Chinese and Western cultural differences in the performance of every aspect of daily life from the greeting 、 term diet and cultural differences in the way of thinking in the abstract, such as differences everywhere, from the West focus on the following colors to express the difference between Chinese and Western cultural differences in areas such as a wedding set. First, in the West to express the color difference Different colors in different languages is not expressed in the same way. The representative of China in a sense, the West has a meaning that even the "color" to understand the meaning of the contrary. (A) red (red) Whether in China or in the English-speaking countries, often in red and festive celebrations or day-related. Calendar, red font used these days, therefore, red letter day: refers to the "Day" or "happy occasion." It also refers to the red "liabilities" or "loss" because people are always negative in red to register. So there are these phrases: red figure deficit in the red loss In common with the Chinese "red" words, translated into English, may not necessarily use the "red" for example: brown sugar brown sugar red wine red wine (B) yellow Yellow in English and Chinese in the extended meaning of the differences are considerable. In English, yellow can be said that the "timid, cowardly, despicable," meaning, for example: a yellow dog despicable, cowardly people a yellow livered coward Chinese yellow symbol of the term is sometimes vulgar, vulgar and obscene, indecent indecency means, such as yellow film, erotica, yellow CD, and so on. These in the name of "yellow" in English and "yellow" has nothing to do. However, in another English word blue is the color used to indicate the kind of meaning in Chinese, such as the blue jokes (dirty joke), blue films (yellow film). Second, the cultural differences in Western wedding First of all, in Western wedding culture and the first in the West in thinking about the differences: the Chinese people more conservative, like excitement, more old-fashioned thinking, so in the history of China for thousands of years the entire wedding customs did not change much. The thinking in the West is more open to the requirements of the wedding will be lower, they will be the climax of the wedding in the church: the sacred as the "wedding march" into the red carpet, Jiao Mei's father, the bride linked hands Rose walked slowly to the groom, the bride's father, daughter to the groom's hand on hand, her daughter's life will be entrusted to the groom, all eyes followed the couple, filled with well-being in their face. Second, the result of cultural differences wedding in the West because the West in a different religion. China is mainly Buddhist, but the West is mainly Christian. Therefore, the Western wedding is to be held in the church and the priest is Zhuhun Ren. China's traditional customs of the most important part of the Bai Tiandi is, the worship heaven and earth even after the ceremony has become.中西方文化差异表现在方方面面，从日常生活的打招呼用语、饮食文化等差异到思维方式等抽象方面的差异无所不在，下面着重从中西方颜色表达的差异，中西方婚礼文化差异等方面阐述。 一、中西方颜色表达的差异 不同颜色在不同语言中表达的方式并不一样。在中国代表一种意义，在西方又表示一种涵义，甚至对“颜色”的涵义理解恰恰相反。（一）red（红色）无论是在英语国家还是在中国，红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。日历中，这些日子常用红色字体，因此，red letter day：指的是“纪念日”或“喜庆的日子”。红色还指“负债”或“亏损”，因为人们总是用红笔登记负数。于是就有了这些词组：red figure赤字 in the red亏损汉语中常用的带“红”字的词语，翻译成英语，可不一定用“red”例如：红糖brown sugar 红酒red wine （二） yellow黄色在英语和汉语中的引申含义差别比较大。英语中，yellow可以表示“胆小、卑怯、卑鄙”的意思，例如：a yellow dog 可鄙的人，卑鄙的人a yellow livered 胆小鬼汉语中黄色一词有时象征低级趣味、色情庸俗、下流猥亵的意思，如黄色电影、黄色书刊、黄色光碟等等。这些名称中的“黄”与英语中的“yellow”无关。然而，英语中另一个颜色词blue却常用来表示汉语中这类意思，如blue jokes（下流的玩笑）， blue films（黄色电影）等。 二、中西方婚礼文化差异 首先，中西方婚礼文化差异首先和中西方人在思维方面的差异有关：中国人比较保守，喜欢热闹，思维较古板，所以在中国历史几千年的时间里整个婚礼的习俗并没有多大的变化。而西方人的思想则比较开放，对于婚礼的要求也比较低，他们婚礼的高潮则是在教堂中：随着神圣的《婚礼进行曲》步入鲜红的地毯，娇美的新娘挽着父亲手捧玫瑰慢慢向新郎走去，新娘的父亲将女儿的手放在新郎的手上，将女儿的一生托付给新郎，所有人的目光注视着这对新人，幸福洋溢在他们的脸上。其次，造成中西方婚礼文化差异的原因是中西方不同的宗教。中国是以佛教为主，而西方则是基督教为主的。所以西方的婚礼是在教堂中举行而主婚人则是神甫。中方的传统婚俗中的最重要环节就是拜天地，拜了天地以后就算是礼成了。

浅析中美婚姻观差异及其形成原因二中美婚姻观差异形成原因中美婚姻观差异主要源于其经济方式，生存环境，社会价值观，宗教信仰，及人文心态的不同：1.经济方式不同：中国文化根治植于农业社会的基础之上，，在农业经济中，体力健壮的男性成为劳动的主体，经济基础决定男女在家庭中的地位，男性是家庭的支柱，女性的劳动可有可无，可以忽略不计，久而久之形成了阴性崇拜现象，而封建小农经济在中国有几千年的历史，其思想残余仍世世代代影响着人们的行为，直至今日，男性仍在中国家庭中占主导地位。而美国女人体格较为健壮，不存在男女劳动性别上太大的差异，再加上建国历史短，没有封建残余的影响，较早进行工业革命，男女经济地位差别不大。2.生存环境的不同：从地理环境上看，古代中国地处半封建状态的大陆地域，较为封闭的地理形态形成了人们较为封闭的思想，再加上统治者的专制和愚民政策，使儒家思想一枝独秀，而极少与西方交流。而美国两边濒临海洋，便利的海运为早期与其他国家的交流提供了条件。而且，美国作为一个年轻的国家，独立性和开拓性较强，积极与其他国家交流，主流思想在各种思想碰撞中迅速发展。3.社会价值观不同：在中国两千多年的封建社会历史的过程中，儒家思想一直占据着根深蒂固的弦统治地位，对中国社会产生了极其深刻而久远的影响。中国人以谦虚为荣，以虚心为本，反对过分地显露自己表现自我。因此，中国文化体现出群体性的文化特征，这种群体性的文化特征是不允许把个人价值凌驾于群体利益之上的。《新结婚时代》里有这样一句话：在中国，嫁给一个人就是嫁给了他所有社会关系的总和。我们传统婚姻观念的精髓，家庭第一，个人幸福微不足道。在这个伟大传统观念影响下，千百年来，无数的相爱之人放弃了终身的爱情和幸福，并因此得到心灵的平静和自慰。而对于集体而言，小家庭自然要让位于集体。自古就有大禹治水“三过家门而不入”的伟大榜样，主流思想宣扬的也是先国后家、先公后私的意识，违反者便会被认为是自私自利，缺乏高尚的道德情操。仅就体育圈来说，不要说老婆生这种心态促使人们脱离实际产生一些超出自己支付能力之外的欲求。三结论通过以上对比，让我们更清晰地看出中美婚姻的差异及形成原因，使我们了解了中美文化的背景与历史，从而有助于我们以更为广阔的视野透视不同民族间的文化差异。了解中美差异的目的在于使不同民族之间进行的更好的对话与交流，使我们更好地进行跨文化交际与跨文化传播。

西方的婚礼是属于浪漫型的,整个婚礼从开始到结束到充满了浪漫气息。新娘的礼服一般为白色,新郎是黑色的礼服,使整个婚礼显的庄重严肃.到教堂去举行结婚仪式是整个婚礼最重要的环节.首先,随着婚礼进行曲的节奏,新娘挽她的父亲的手走到新郎面前,由她的父亲将她亲手交到新郎手中.牧师会要求新郎新娘对对方作出一辈子的承诺,这也是整个婚礼的高潮.然后他们会在牧师和众人的祝福下,交换结婚戒指并亲吻对方。而新娘手中的花球也不是一般的装饰用品.在婚礼结束时,新娘就会抛给到场的女宾客,如果谁接到花球,谁就是下一个结婚的人,这就使整个婚礼在欢声笑语中结束了。二．西方人结婚时的很多习俗都是大家所熟悉的，婚庆场面既欢快热闹，又美丽浪漫。由于中国的不断开放和东西方文化交流，我国的婚俗不少方面也在受其影响，例如穿婚纱、戴钻戒等等已经成为都市婚礼不可或缺的重要内容。然而究其渊源和象征意义，并不是所有人都很清楚的。下面就简要介绍一下一些西方婚礼用品和名词的来历和含义。 三．比如以浪漫著称的法国就被称为白色婚姻，白色是浪漫的法国婚礼的住色调；在菲律宾，观礼的嘉宾会轮流与新郎跳舞，并把金钱钉在他们的衣服上，有时后候双方亲戚朋友还会比赛哪方得到的金钱多。韩国的婚礼服装也挺有特色，值得一提――“两点”，新娘韩国新郎会穿上大礼服，新娘的嫁衣则是七彩的丝织服，配以长袖子和黑丝顶冠，这以阿拉伯的婚礼服装我认为是挺相似的，因为阿拉伯的新娘会穿着华丽的土耳其长袖袍子，不同的是视礼的女士会依习俗为新娘出嫁而恸哭，所以阿拉伯的婚礼又称为“恸哭”，当然这与我所谈论的服装无关。 四．而西方的婚礼风俗则是浪漫式的，婚礼重在礼而不在乎排场。婚前礼节也没那么复杂。一切都爱轻松自在的气氛下进行。而结婚在西方国家也是各国有各国的独特的方式。如：法国的白色为婚礼的主色调。无论是布置用的鲜花，还是新娘的服饰。可以看出法国人眼中的婚姻应该是纯洁无暇的，而新人用的杯子，也有特定的名称，名为“Coupdemarriage”，意思为“婚礼之杯”。而德国人的“疯狂”与德国人一直崇高的理智与冷静不同。他们的婚礼更多呈现出疯狂的一面。德国人在婚礼中会举行party（派队），派对中，新人会被戏弄。这类似于我们中国的“闹洞房”，其中重头节目就是兴高采烈地将碟子掷碎……西方给东方人带来的最亮点大概就是举行教 回答者：anonymous首先，是在传统结婚仪式上面。中国的传统婚俗有三书六礼”三拜九叩”这些繁俗礼节。所谓三书”，就是指聘书、礼书、迎亲书。（聘书订亲之书，男女双方正式缔结婚约。纳吉（过文定）时用。 礼书过礼之书，即礼物清单，详尽列明礼物种类及数量。纳征（过大礼）时用。 迎亲书迎娶新娘之书。结婚当日（亲迎）接新娘过门时用。）而六礼”是指纳采、问名、纳吉、纳征、请期、亲迎。（纳采古时婚礼之首，属意女方时，延请媒人作谋，谓之纳采，今称「提亲」。 问名男方探问女方之姓名及生日时辰，以卜吉兆，谓之问名，今称「合八字」。 纳吉问名若属吉兆，遣媒人致赠薄礼，谓之纳吉，今称「过文定」或「小定」。 纳征奉送礼金、礼饼、礼物及祭品等， 回答者： 缚灵

论文常用的层次划分方法有以下几种：（1）按事件和发展过程来划分《皇帝的新装》（2）按空间转换来划分，如《老山界》（3）按内容变化来划分，如《从百草园到三味书屋》（4）按人物、场景变化来划分，如《分马》（5）按感情变化来划分，如《荔枝蜜》不太喜欢蜜蜂—想去看蜜蜂—赞美蜜蜂—想变成蜜蜂。（6）按表达方式的变换来划分，如《一件珍贵的衬衫》，抒情—记叙—抒情、议论。

Western novels in comparison First, Western novels in the history of the development of Western novels are based on myths and legends of its origin. In ancient times, science developed, out of fear of nature, the working people out of the imagination is the key to many of the world "God", describing the personification of God is a myth; who will describe the deified, that is legend. China opened the world's Pan story, the story of San Juan Five Emperors, the West Greek mythology, Roman mythology, Norse mythology, and so on are all typical works. East and West, the original novel, is closely linked with the history, as historical records complement the event. China Pre-Qin prose in the fable, the Han dynasty in the history books, biographies, the Wei and Jin Zhi, Zhi-person novel; the West of ancient Babylon, "the United States and Ji Jia disabilities epic", in ancient Greece, "Homer's epic," "Aesop's Fables "And so on, fall into this category, fiction, novels such novels have been about the characteristics of fiction, it is still not the literary creation, directly from the private collection record, so this type of fiction plot is relatively simple, writing rough comparison. Ban Gu said, "On the Street Lane words, hearsay are made of" is a novel kind of accurate assessment of the image. China's Tang Dynasty, the novel is only from history and literature become a creativity. Tang Dynasty culture has developed, the author's ideas are more open, the legend came into being at this time, Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan", Po Chu's "Everlasting Regret," Wolf's "Everlasting Regret Chuan" And so on, are made in accordance with the creation of the legend. For the fictional story of the Tang Dynasty more emphasis on imagination and literary talent, not just the history of the nature of things, but as the history of Zhi Zhi who is also the novel did not stop. The Legend of the Song Dynasty to the novel on a gradual decline, which followed the rise of this so that after processing will become a scholar so many novel and Romance novels such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Outlaws of the Marsh", "Journey to the West." The author of such novels is the use of private creative and re-created to describe the circumstances of the touching scenes of brilliant and vivid active in shaping the character known, there are obvious story-telling style of language. Here by the redevelopment, it will become an independent literary creation rather than things to come together with the civil process, the representative of this type is the "Golden Lotus", it was an open and ordinary life on the road, the reality is that literature has come a long way The development of the latter's "A Dream of Red Mansions" in ancient China Geng Shiba realism to the novels of the summit. "54" after the novelist began to learn from China's western fiction writing practices, and gradually out a new path. Western novels, is the "Renaissance" after the rapid development of mature. The development of the Middle Ages novel near-stagnation in the West, 14, the end of the century "Renaissance" to overthrow the literature of the Church of control, 15, appeared in the western end of the century to promote freedom of thought and the liberation of personality in order to describe the reality of life and portray characters from all walks of life for the content of the Humanist novels, is to tie in with this type of novel anti-feudal Europe at the time of arising at the same time it also set the novel in the West to human describing the tone of the main things. Jiaqiu Italy's "Decameron", Spain's Cervantes "Don Quixote" is the kind of representative works of fiction. The resulting novel is a classical, elegant favor of its national language to standardize the writing of this novel in 17th century France's most well-developed. As a note on behalf of Corneille's "Cid" neoclassical story of the rise of Western novels have been a language substantially improved. The beginning of the 18th century to promote popular science knowledge, enlightenment of the public consciousness for the purpose of the Enlightenment novels, of which there are relatively well-known German Goethe's "Faust", the United Kingdom Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and the Swift "Gulliver's Travels" and so on, this type of novel to the emergence of the bourgeois revolution at the time to mold public opinion. In the 19th century, romantic fiction, realistic novels and critical realism novel turn to occupy the leading position in the field of fiction. Romantic novels, such as France Victor Hugo's "Notre Dame de Paris", Goethe's "juvenile Witt of trouble" and so on, imaginative, unusual ideas, language and imaginative, strong feelings. Efforts to reflect the reality of the novel is the essence of life, and depict typical life of a typical phenomenon in the United Kingdom Dickens, France and Germany are of such novels as a representative of the writer. Critical realism novels exposed the efforts of the decadent feudal system and capitalist society, the dark, in-depth criticism of the reality of evil, France Balzac and Maupassant, the United Kingdom of Charlotte, Bronte,. Russia's Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, the United States of a large number of writers such as Mark Twain's works belong to this category. Value today, the three novels in the West is still the most important of the three types of literary fiction. East-West novel on the history of the development of more or less the case. Second, the characteristics of the novel in the West In addition to the basic characteristics of the novel, the story of the West also have their own characteristics are as follows: 1, the traditional Chinese novel attention to the characters, language and the details of the description, in contradiction to the conflict to display the images, but the character of a single, small changes in the absence of the main flu. Western novels are more people pay attention to the psychological description, stressed that mining figure in the subconscious mind, good at writing full, the changes in the strong sense of the main characters. Again, "coach Lin Feng Snow Mountain Temple" in the figure is only through dialogue and action leads to contradictions and conflicts, but Anna Karenina Wogui before a series of conflicts only with his description of the psychological will be able to express their clear; for poetry in Lin In the performance of her literary talent, and Paul with his inner monologue of the ideal; Zhang Zhong-Yong has only the character, but Jane Eyre's character is the brave, strong, warm, kind-hearted, and so many of the character and rubbing and Cheng's. In short, people in the area described in the West has its own unique features. 2, China compared with Western fiction novel plot twists and turns more and more complete story. Plot twists and turns, the story is complete fiction China's unique traditional arts. The Wei and Jin Zhi Zhi people on the novel twists and turns with vivid characteristics. Tang legend in the layout of many of the famous, magnificent anomaly, rigorous and clever, dramatic plot development. The contents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties novels scattered irregular, undulating waves, Cuoluoyouzhi, careful structure, an integral whole. "A Dream of Red Mansions", everywhere She Fu, Hui turning point, the story of Jia's best writing. Western plot in respect of the outstanding works, although there are many, but it can not be compared with the Chinese novel. 3, concise and lively Chinese language novel, rich in content and rich Western novels. Chinese folk artists absorbed the novel language, at the same time inherited the fine traditions of ancient prose, often a few words will be able to outline the incident or the people. Western novels in the author includes a broad range of knowledge, involve the community in many ways, so rich in content and rich people can gain knowledge in many areas. Engels said he was in Balzac's novel about 19th century France's domestic situation than he received any reports are more. Western novels have different characteristics, and also in the West different aesthetic concepts to a certain extent related. 4, Western novels have been the rule of the feudal culture of oppression destroyed. Chinese feudal culture makes the development of the novel is extremely difficult, Ming and Qing Dynasties more people to write stories for shame, so many great writers living, creating the conditions are not covered, many of the great works of authors who do not know. Western novels in the feudal culture makes almost the whole of the Middle Ages in the development of extremely slow, and many talented writers were forced to church services, wrote some of the religious nature of the article dry hole. Third, Western novels in the future prospects for the development of End of the Qing Dynasty, China and the West have begun to understand the other side of the system, the advantages of the novel in the West have been constantly learn from each other. Of course, due to historical reasons, the Chinese side of the draw a little more. To this day, the novelist in the West efforts are still two researchers in the novel's artistic charm, although the different languages of each other's appreciation of the arts to a certain extent, but the United States are interlinked. We have every reason to believe that in the near future, the novel art in the West will ultimately learn from each other and integrate, develop and reach new artistic heights. References: "Foreign Literature" Shanghai Translation Publishing House Zhou Xu Liang "Contemporary Literature election," Zhang Zhong, such as Beijing University Publishing House "Chinese literature history of the development of" Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Liu Jie "Literary History of Europe" People's Literature Publishing House Yangzhou Han Wu Da-yuan Zhao Rui radish "Three high school language textbook used by the five dates of the" People's Education Press仅供参考，请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。

中美婚姻观的差异？（一）结婚目的两国婚姻观念的差异明显体现在结婚目的上。传统中国人的婚姻是为了整个家庭，而不是为了个人。单身青年在选择未来伴侣时会听从父母之命，媒妁之言。这种婚姻的主要目的是巩固和加强两个家族的权力。在现代中国，尽管传统的结婚目的受到了严重的冲击，但要转变根深蒂固的传统仍然不是一件容易的事。上海社会科学院的一项调查显示，仅出于爱情的缘故而结婚的年轻人比例约为25%。而美国人结婚的主要原因有两个：一，对于恋爱中的情侣来说，婚姻是爱情的完美结局;二，这种长期伴侣关系是寻求心理和身体需求的好方法。90%的美国人认为婚姻的先决条件是爱情，婚姻是两个人而不是两个大家庭的结合。从他们的角度来看，没有爱情的婚姻是不道德的。（二）配偶选择标准两国在配偶选择上的差异在很大程度上受结婚目的的影响。当两个年轻人不顾家人的强烈反对而寻求真爱时，大多结局悲惨。即使在现代中国，大多数年轻人在选择伴侣时仍然要寻求父母的同意。此外，不少人也同时考虑未来伴侣的经济状况。与中国配偶选择标准不同，美国人认为夫妻双方合得来才是关键要素。家庭背景、文化程度等因素对婚姻并不重要。因此，在现实生活中经常发生诸如王子和白雪公主的西方童话故事。（三）夫妻关系中国是一个典型的男性社会，男人在家庭关系中起着主导作用。这种长期的传统是由中国古代的社会分工造成的。“男主外女主内”的思想已经根深蒂固。在当代中国，尽管妇女的家庭地位已得到很大改善，但大多数中国已婚妇女在某种程度上仍需要依靠丈夫。在中国，妻子依靠丈夫来赚钱养家是很普遍的现象。但是，丈夫辞职留在家里照顾家庭的现象并不常见。在美国这样的西方社会，夫妻是平等的伴侣。特别是自工业革命以来，对劳动力的需求刺激了越来越多的妇女参加工作。随着妇女对社会的贡献不断增加，她们开始呼吁更多的自由与平等。（四）离婚态度大多数中国人仍然怀有对婚姻一心一意的信念。中国人非常重视人际关系，一旦感情受到伤害，他们会寻求家人或朋友的安慰与和解，这可能会大大减轻夫妻关系的紧张。此外，中国人认为完整的家庭也是给孩子的一份保障。美国是一个多元文化的国家，重视个性发展、追求快节奏的生活和相对冷淡的人际关系使他们通常会用离婚来结束一段感情。中美婚姻观念差异的原因：1、从结婚目的来看，中国人的结婚目的在一定程度上维持了婚姻的稳定性和持久性，因为夫妻双方在婚姻中会考虑更多的因素，而不仅仅是他们自己的感情。相反，美国人的结婚目的通常是以爱情为导向的，在他们看来，爱情是婚姻的基础。我们在欣赏这种纯洁的婚姻目的的同时，也必须意识到随着爱情的消逝，他们更有可能结束婚姻关系。2、在配偶选择方面，中国人将家庭背景视为重要因素，门当户对才是正确的婚姻选择。而美国人认为一切外在因素都不是重要的，双方合得来才至关重要。在当今社会，中国年轻人既需要向美国人学习，拥有自己的婚姻决定权，但也要尊重父母的意见。在夫妻关系上，双方应该平等，平等地享受权利、承担义务以维持婚姻的和谐。同时，夫妻双方也要保持相对独立。在离婚态度上，即使夫妻双方没有了爱情，很多中国人还是愿意为了孩子勉强维持婚姻，这种婚姻看似家庭和睦，实则是忽略和放弃了自己的感情。而美国人却会选择结束感情，寻求自我。但是许多孩子在父母离婚后没有接受良好的家庭教育，从客观上导致了青少年犯罪率上升，孩子的身心容易受到伤害。中美婚姻观念的差异与历史、文化、经济等都是分不开的。要用批判的眼光继承中国传统婚姻观念中的积极部分，并借鉴美国婚姻观念中的优势，例如，以爱情为导向的婚姻，平等的配偶关系等。同时也必须牢记，经过数千年的考验，中国婚姻观念具有其自身的独特优势。保持家庭关系的稳定很重要，这也有利于社会和谐。