新华书店网站搜索英语论文，最新出版的相关书：英语专业本科毕业论文写作实用手册作者：杜平，陈正伦 主编出版：哈尔滨工程大学出版 出版日期：2010年02月本书是针对英语专业本科毕业论文写作而编写的，本书的主要内容包括：毕业论文写作概要、本科毕业论文常用格式、毕业论文的选题、资料的收集和整理、毕业论文各部分的写作、毕业论文APA和MLA格式模板示例、毕业论文示例等。 本书可作为英语专业本科毕业论文写作的指导用书，也可作为英语学术论文写作的参考用书。英语专业毕业论文写作教程作者：张秀国出版：清华大学 出版日期：2010年02月英语论文写作是高校英语专业的一门必修课程，目的是使学生了解英语论文写作的一般过程和英语研究论文的写作格式，并掌握其写作规范。本书从切实培养和提高英语专业学生运用英语进行论文写作能力的目的出发而编写。本书分为9章：第1章为序言，简要介绍研究与研究论文的定义；第2章介绍论文写作的一般过程与步骤；第3章介绍论文包含的各个主要部分及其结构；第4章介绍论文的语言特点和文体风格；第5章介绍英语写作的技巧，涉及英语论文写作者常常忽略和经常感到困惑、容易出错的地方；第6章专论标点符号，讨论常用标点符号在各种情况英语专业毕业论文写作教程作者：张纪英等出版：华中科技 出版日期：2010年02月本书是在我们多年指导论文写作的经验基础上，研习英语学术论文写作理论，反复征求教师和学生的意见，通过开座谈会，作问卷调查，并归纳总结而写成的，力求全面、详细地介绍和阐述毕业论文撰写的全过程。内容包括撰写毕业论文的意义，毕业论文的类型及写作的基本要求和原则，论文的选题，资料的查阅和利用，论文的格式和写作的程序，论文的答辩及成绩评定。在第七章“专题毕业论文的写作与评析”里，我们分别介绍了“英美文学”、“翻译理论与实践”、“英语语言”、“英语教学法”和“语言与文化”五个专题的一些基本的专业知识及相关论文如何撰写英语文学研究论文(英文写作教材)作者：凡博出版：四川大学 出版日期：2010年02月毕业论文是高等教育的重要环节，是对大学生（研究生）在校期间学习成绩的综合检验。毕业论文也是学术论文的类型之一，与科学研究工作密切相关：它记录并再现科学研究的过程和方法，描述研究成果；在学理上对研究对象做“尽可能的探讨和研究”，在背景上做“详尽无遗的调查”，从而达到内容创新，“全面订正和给确定结论的目的”。阅读本书，有助于全面了解撰写毕业论文的知识和方法，尽快进入写作状态，写出优秀的毕业论文。本书也可供撰写学位论文和其他学术论文者参考。
英文论文写作心得
对于一篇英文论文来说,要保证其完整度和优异的质量,以及考虑到导师所给出的如时间、参考资料等各方面的条件限制，下文是总结的一些英语论文写作心得体会。一起来看看吧!
【写作前准备】
1、自己的实验结果是否够发一篇SCI文章?
2、适合发表在什么杂志?是选择专业期刊?还是综合期刊?
3、为什么类型的投稿(Types of submission)?比如Articles(论著);Reviews(综述);Reports(报告);Letter to editor(来信)等。
4、该杂志的影响因子(Impact factor)是多少，每年发表多少文章?是否有过本土中国人在上面发表?(便于评价自己的文章被接收的可能性)。
6、有没有下载该杂志最新的投稿须知(Instructions for authors)?
7、是否弄清楚了投稿须知各个条目的意思?
8、是否接收网上投稿(Submission on line)(一般有网上投稿的杂志更为方便)?
9、是否收版面费(Page charges)?如果论文被接收，自己的经济能力能否支付该杂志的发表全部费用。
10、手头有多少相关内容的文献?(越多越好，这样写作的时候能借鉴他们的思路和语句，对分析讨论的开展也很有好处)
【写作环节】
1、不要用中国式的思维去写英文句子。
2、套用老外的写作思路(比如前言第1段写对疾病的认识及重要性，第2段对基本背景知识的介绍，第3段如何引出研究问题。讨论部分往往每一段第一句为该段的中心句。)
3、格式一定要严格按照所投杂志的要求来排版(可以参考投稿须知的要求和该杂志最近发表的文章，要做到一模一样，这样编辑认为你是认真对待的)。
4、避免使用首次发现，该研究特别有意义的语句(老外喜欢你陈述事实，是不是首次发现由别人说了算，有没有意义需要时间来检验)。
5、首页有什么特殊要求?比如是否写清了通讯作者(Corresponding author)和页眉标题(Running title)，Running title是否符合字符数要求，一般50个字符以下。首页是否要求标明全文字符数(The number of characters must be listed on the title page)。首页是否要求提供关键词(Key words)，现在很多杂志在正式出版的时候是看不到关键词的，他多数目的是为了编辑好选择审稿专家。
6、摘要是否为有特殊格式(比如格式摘要：目的，方法，结果，结论)，是否有字数限制(比如205个字以下)。
7、注意参考文献(References)一定要符合杂志的格式，参考文献的数目是否有限制。是否不能引用正在出版的(In press)文章或未公开的(Unpublished data)数据。
8、是否引用了较多著名杂志的文章为参考文献(大家看影响因子超过10的杂志文章，他们引用的文献多数也是来自10以上的杂志，也就是说你投高影响因子的杂志就尽量不要引用低档杂志的文章，这是一条潜规则)。
9、引用了几篇该杂志的文章作为参考文献(有的杂志有明确要求要引几篇，有的没有要求，但是编辑在还是喜欢你多引他们杂志的文章)。
10、写完后最好先找一个在国外呆过几年的`中国人修改第1次(这样能纠正明显写作错误和表达，又明白你的写作意思)，然后再找一个英语为母语的人修改(最好是学医的，这样能够纠正一些微小错误和表达习惯)。最终的目的是即使退稿也不是因为语言问题。人家修改完了注意在回信中致谢(Thank you very much for the excellent and professional revision of our manuscript. In future， I will send you my English manuscripts for proofreading! I will acknowledge your help in the footnote.)和在文章中致谢(We thank *** for critical reading of the manuscript.)。
11、注意文章中不要有中文输入法情况下的标点符号(老外的计算机操作系统可能识别为乱码或者为非法程序)。
12、标点符号是否正确?空格是否恰当?
13、注意缩写的格式，时间表示的格式，希腊字母的格式。
14、该斜体的地方是否是斜体(in vitro，in vivo等)。
15、材料与方法中试剂后的厂家是否该杂志的要求(有的不但要标明公司名字和国家，还要城市名，货号)。
16、是否进行了伦理道德的申明。(如果进行了动物实验和人体实验)。
17、图表是否符合杂志的数目(Number)、大小(Size)和分辨率(Resolution)要求?有几副彩图(建议能设置为灰度的图就改成灰度的图，比如一些统计结果图。因为彩图收费(Color charges)是很贵的)。
18、图的格式类型是否有要求，一般只接收EPS或TIFF格式。图的模式是否有要求，比如过去一般要求是CMYK模式，现在很多杂志要求RGB模式。
19、图表是放在后面，还是插入在文章中。(看投稿须知要求)。
20、字数是否符合杂志要求(有的杂志对字数也有要求。比如最多8个版面。他一般会告诉你怎么推测自己的文章占几个版面，比如有的杂志大约是8000个字符数(characters)(包括空格)为一个版面)。
21、全文的字号是否符合要求。(一般是12号字(12-point)，双倍行距(Double space))。
22、是否进行了致谢(国外的文章一般都会致谢。一般要求写受什么基金资助，谁对文章改了，谁进行了技术帮助，谁提供了一些实验材料等;其中很多杂志基金资助一般写在Footnote中)。
1. 要写好科研论文，必须先养成读英文文章的习惯，争取每天30-60分钟。刚开始可以选择以读英文报纸、英文新闻为主，逐渐转为读专业杂志。我会在近期专门写一篇博客文章介绍一套行之有效的增强读专业杂志能力的办法。
2. 写科研论文，最重要的是逻辑。逻辑的形成来自对实验数据的总体分析。必须先讨论出一套清晰的思路，然后按照思路来做图(Figures)，最后才能执笔。
3. 具体写作时，先按照思路(即Figures)写一个以subheading为主的框架，然后开始具体写作。第一稿，切忌追求每一句话的完美，更不要追求词语的华丽，而主要留心逻辑(logic flow)，注意前后句的逻辑关系、相邻两段的逻辑关系。写作时，全力以赴，尽可能不受外界事情干扰(关闭手机、座机)，争取在最短时间内拿出第一稿。还要注意：一句话不可太长。
4. 学会照葫芦画瓢。没有人天生会写优秀的科研论文，都是从别人那里学来的。学习别人的文章要注意专业领域的不同，有些领域(包括我所在的结构生物学)有它内在的写作规律。科研文章里的一些话是定式，比如 “To investigate the mechanism of …, we performed …”, “These results support the former, but not the latter, hypothesis …”, “Despite recent progress, how … remains to be elucidated …” 等等。用两次以后，就逐渐学会灵活运用了。在向别人学习时，切忌抄袭。在美国一些机构，连续7个英文单词在一起和别人的完全一样，原则上就被认为抄袭(plagiarism)。
5. 第一稿写完后，给自己不要超过一天的休息时间，开始修改第二稿。修改时，还是以逻辑为主，但对每一句话都要推敲一下，对abstract和正文中的关键语句要字斟句酌。学会用“Thesaurus”(同义词替换)以避免过多重复。第二稿的修改极为关键，再往后就不会大改了。
6. 第二稿以后的修改，主要注重具体的字句，不会改变整体逻辑了。投稿前，一定要整体读一遍，对个别词句略作改动。记住：学术期刊一般不会因为具体的语法错误拒绝一篇文章，但一定会因为逻辑混乱而拒绝一篇文章。
这套方法行之有效，我对所有的学生和博士后都会如此教导。我的第一个博士后是柴继杰，1999年加入我在普林斯顿大学的实验室。继杰当时的英文阅读和写作能力很差。我对他的第一个建议就是，“每天花半小时读英文报纸”。难能可贵的是：他坚持下来了!经过几年的努力，2004年继杰已经能写出不错的grant proposal，2006年他的第一篇独立科研论文发表在《Molecular Cell》上，随后相继在《自然》发表两篇、在其它一流学术期刊发表十多篇论文。写作能力开始成熟。
发表论文是一件值得高兴的事情，但要明白：论文只是一个载体，是为了向同行们宣告你的科研发现，是科学领域交流的重要工具。所以，在科研论文写作时，一定要谨记于心的就是：用最简单的话表达最明白的意思，但一定要逻辑严谨!其实，中文和英文论文皆如此!
最简单的事用金山词霸翻译
毕业设计不会做，抄也要讲究方法作为一个已经毕业了的大学生，在做毕业设计的过程中，无论是设计成果的研究还是毕业论文的撰写，不可回避的一个问题就是抄袭。作为一个过来人，我想说的是，做毕业设计难免会有抄袭的现象，但是一定要掌握方法，千万不要盲目的抄完了事，那样做是非常危险的。有的同学看都不看就抄到论文上去了，有的同学拿着别人做完的东西都不研究一下就参加答辩去了。我就听过一个活生生、血淋淋的例子——老师问：“你这段代码是什么意思？”答：“我不知道。”老师又问下一段代码，又不知道，老师问：“这是你做的吗？”答：“不是，老师给的。”其结果可想而知了。你们想想，那些东西都是往届毕业生做出来的，老师们能看不出来吗？掩耳盗铃，自欺欺人，大家都是成年人，我想不用多说了吧。大家在完成毕业设计的过程中肯定会遇到各种各样的现实性困难，成果做不出来了怎么办?论文写不出来了怎么办？外文文献不会翻译怎么办？其实这都好办，世界上再难的技术也是人做出来，没有成果就找个现成的东西；论文写不出来就多看几本书，多引用书里的内容；外文水平不高就用翻译软件。总之一句话，你有张良计，我有过墙梯，物竟天择，适者生存。文章转自 众赏文库 毕业设计论文,专业文档下载
就目前人工智能的发展水平来看，机器降重还远远做不到“准确读取语句的意思，并将之用不同的词汇表述出来”我学姐推荐的北京译顶科技那边做的不错，你可以考虑一下。你可以加速去知道了解下
英语翻译论文写作方法
随着翻译学科的发展,翻译研究在横向的广度与纵向的深度上都有了很大的变化,怎样写英语翻译论文呢?
1、选题及资料查阅
对任何一项学术研究活动来讲，选择合适的课题都是至关重要的，尤其对研究成果具有决定性意义。在攻读博士研究生期间，笔者以翻译研究为主要研修方向，经过广泛阅读该领域的学术期刊论文和专著，较为熟悉国内外翻译研究的现状。加之入学伊始便在导师指引下从事中国典籍翻译研究，随着大量阅读和学习有关典籍英译及其研究的著述，自己对该领域尤其儒家经典《论语》的英译现象产生了兴趣，并逐渐进行较为深入的了解。
一般情况下，资料查阅在选题之前就已展开，因为资料是确定论文选题的重要依据，但其后的文献查阅工作更具重要意义。围绕《论语》英译这一现象，自己开始进一步的资料搜集和研读。初步调查和梳理发现，儒经《论语》的外译，始于意大利传教士利玛窦完成于1594年(一说1593年)的拉丁文译本(马祖毅、任荣珍，2003：34)，至今已逾四百年。而第一个《论语》英语全译本为柯大卫(David Collie)所译，作为《四书》(The Chinese Classical Work Commonly Called the Four Books)的一部分于1828年在马六甲出版，距今也近乎两个世纪。近年来，国内学者对《论语》英译本的关注和研究越来越多，除了较为集中于理雅各、翟林奈、韦利等所译的早期经典译本，也开始着手庞德、刘殿爵、安乐哲和罗思文(合译)等现当代译本的探讨。从手头掌握的资料来看，海外《论语》英语全译本已超过三十个。调查还发现，作为早期主要海外英语全译本之一，20世纪初就已出现的Leonard A. Lyall的《论语》英译本迄今鲜有研究，比如利用“中国期刊全文数据库”(CNKI)未能搜寻到专门研讨该英译本的文章翻译学的论文写作技巧翻译学的论文写作技巧。由于材料新本身是学术创新的重要表现之一，因此有理由初步将该译本作为自己撰写一篇翻译研究论文的研究对象。
通过对更多资料爬梳剔抉，笔者掌握了译者Leonard A. Lyall及其《论语》英语本的基本情况。譬如，Leonard Arthur Lyall中文名叫赖发洛，是英国汉学家。1886 年以海关洋员的身份来华，在华40余年。赖发洛《论语》英译本书名为The Sayings of Confucius, 由位于伦敦的朗曼斯·格林公司(Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd.)在1909年9月初版刊行，并先后于1925年10月和1935年9月印行第2版和第3版。这里所采用的研究对象是第3版，全书不足130页(其中正文共计102页)，是篇幅较为简短的《论语》英语全译本之一除了英译《论语》之外，他还分别翻译《中庸》(1927)和《孟子》(1932)两书并数次再版。1934年，他编著的现代世界丛书《中国》在伦敦出版，向西方介绍中国。然而，由于有关赖发洛《论语》英译本专门研究的学术论文迄今付诸阙如，因此决定将对该译本的文本细读作为自己进一步研究的基础，希望有所发现，或许为当下中华典籍外译及其相关研究提供些微借鉴和思考。
2、提纲构建
在研读赖发洛《论语》英译本过程中，笔者发现译者所贯彻始终的翻译基本策略和具体翻译操作方法与其对汉语特点的认识、翻译理念的追求等息息相关，而这些又充分体现在该译本的“前言”(Preface)和“导语”(Introduction)中。例如，第3版“前言”(1935)仅一句话，告诉读者再次修订译文旨在使其“更接近于汉语原文”(bring it nearer to the Chinese)(Lyall，1935：vi)。值得一提的是，第2版“前言”(1925)不仅强调该版译文“比初版更加接近字词对应”(more nearly word for word than it
was in the first)，而且指出汉语原文的两个特点：难懂(hard to understand)和多义(more than one interpretation)，并认为在这种情况下总是易读的译文绝非“真实翻译”(true translation)(同上：v)。而篇幅稍长的“导语”写于1909年，一定意义上亦可看作初版的“前言”。这部分内容十分丰富，既包括孔子生平、《论语》的形成过程以及时代背景和社会状况，又有春秋之前中国古代史简介，并谈到道家、墨家等思想。这些很大程度上也表明译者对中国传统文化的广泛认知和深入了解。
经过细读赖氏《论语》英译本发现，为了使译文与原文“更加接近字词对应”，译者尤其注重原文的遣词造句和形式结构，比如原文较为突出的数字小句的行文特点，译文往往采用类似排比的洗练短语、清晰而果断的语势，使原文的字词概念和句式语序尽可能在译文中再现翻译学的论文写作技巧概而言之，赖发洛通过运用多种具体翻译操作方法，贯彻以“字词对应”为基础的、倾向直译的翻译策略，较为有效地践行了以质直求真为特色的“真实翻译”思想。赖氏追求的“真实翻译”尽管不同于几乎同时出现的、本杰明所倡导的旨在再现“纯语言”(pure language)的“真正翻译”(real translation)思想，但两者又似乎至少在一点上是相似的：因为后者为了实现译文的透明性，也强调直译原文(literal rendering)的必要性(Benjamin，2004：21)。
基于以上对赖译本的研读和思考，笔者着手构建论文的基本框架，初步拟订如下一个写作提纲。论文大致分为五个部分，包括引言、赖发洛及其《论语》英译本、翻译基本策略和具体方法、译本存在的不足及其原因分析和结语。其中，翻译基本策略为倾向直译且以“字词对应”为基础，具体翻译方法分为为四种，即字词对应、语序一致，字词对应、语序变换，字词调整、语序一致和字词调整、语序变换;译本的不足以翻译目的论为参照分为三类：悖离目的性法则的翻译失误、悖离连贯性法则的翻译失误和悖离忠实性法则的翻译失误，对每类译误又根据译本的具体情况加以细分，便于更好的例证和评析。
3、撰写与修改
论文撰写是整个论文工作的最重要阶段，也是需要付出时间和精力最多的阶段。论文初稿的撰写主要是基于以上拟订的提纲，虽然在写作过程中也碰到一些困难，但通过适当运用学习有关专业课程所掌握的知识，最终得到有效的解决。譬如，细读赖发洛《论语》英译本时，笔者做了大量的笔记，众多的例子和不同的想法着实令人难以取舍。根据所学专业知识及研究需要，决定围绕主题和材料价值来加以分类和取舍。此处通过一个具体的做法加以说明。基于四种具体翻译方法，自己首先为每一种方法挑选出典型的例句(暂不考虑译文的准确与否)，然后抽样统计各类译文所占的大体比例，进而评判译文的整体风格特点。例如：
1. 字词对应语序一致：
子曰：“巧言令色，鲜矣仁!”(“学而第一”)
The Master said, Smooth words and fawning looks are seldom found with love.
2. 字词对应语序变换：
子曰：“弑父与君，亦不从也。”(“先进第十一”)
Nor would they follow, said the Master, if told to kill their lord or father.
3. 字词调整语序一致：
子温而厉，威而不猛，恭而安。(“述而第七”)
The Master’s manner was warm yet dignified. He was stern, but not fierce;humble, yet easy.
4. 字词调整语序变换：
子曰：“吾不如老农。”(“子路第十三”)
The Master said, An old husbandman knows more than I do.
根据笔者的粗略统计，这四类译文所占整个译文的比例大致为：第一类超过五分之三，第二类比第三类略多，但两者皆不足五分之一，而第四类最少，远低于十分之一。这一结果较为有力地支持了笔者对赖译本的判断，即译者贯彻“字词对应”为基础的、倾向直译的翻译策略，旨在诠释“真实翻译”的理念。
再如，囿于极为有限的参考文献，且线索难觅，自己想到专业课程所学的“滚雪球”文献检索法，运用后发现助益很大，效果颇佳。这里仅以查询译者Leonard A. Lyall的汉语名字为例加以说明。最初从掌握的资料来看，译者英文名字叫Leonard A. Lyall，然后通过“中国期刊全文数据库”(CNKI)在一篇关于《论语》英译史的文章中发现其汉语音译名为莱尔;接下来，通过利用该汉语音译名及其原名查得一篇论文谈及此人曾为海关洋员，进而在《全球化视野：中国海关洋员与中西文化传播(1854-1950年)》一书中找到其更为常用的中文名：赖发洛，以及更多有价值的信息。同时，还发现了译者的另一个中文名：兰雅。这样，通过对相关数据库再次就译者英文名和三个汉语名字进行逐一搜索，结果更为充分地表明赖发洛《论语》英译本的研究迄今尚付阙如。
关于修改文章，清梁章钜说：“百工冶器，必几经转换而后器成;我辈作文，亦必几经删润而后文成，其理一也。”(梁章钜，1973：1000)的确，要想写好论文，一个人必须在论文修改上下功夫。随着更多文献资料的查阅，笔者对论文初稿无论从遣词造句还是到篇章结构都进行了反复修改，既涉及到文中论点和论据的修正，也包括对所运用理论的调整翻译学的论文写作技巧翻译学的论文写作技巧。比如，论文初稿第四部分“译本存在的不足及其原因分析”有段补充说明赖氏译本特色的文字，包括“淡化译语(英语)形合之法，如用‘，’代替‘;’或连接词以贴近源语(汉语);用词基本不用缩略形式”等内容。后经反复斟酌，尤其考虑到论文内容和观点之间的相关性，最后决定将该文字移至第二部分“赖发洛及其《论语》英译本”，用以说明赖译本的特色。
关于文中的理论运用，笔者借鉴专业课程所学知识，如理论的'工具性、理论运用和学术价值的关系等，通过比较不同翻译流派理论的特点，结合论文研究的内容和目的，最终决定选用翻译目的论来分类评鉴赖译本，并有效地揭示赖氏译本追求英语译文“更接近于汉语原文”、最大限度地实现以理想化“真实翻译”为标志的翻译目的。
4、文体和引用之规范
翻译研究论文属于学术论文的范畴，既需要体现学术论文的基本性质，又应当符合学术论文的规范要求。其中，符合文体和引用的规范是对一篇合格的学术论文所提出的必然要求。关于学术论文的文体，要求十分丰富，包括从语态到语气，从术语的运用到避免歧视用语等内容。如关于术语，不仅要意识到使用专业术语的必要性，也要注意语言精炼，尽量少用术语，更要避免歧义。鉴于此，笔者在撰写尤其修改赖译本研究论文时都进行了仔细参照和认真检验，对那些欠妥如口语化的表达甚至讹误之处，如对翻译目的论个别术语的误用，都逐一加以修正和改善。
引用的规范对撰写合格的翻译研究论文同样具有重要意义。就引用而言，文章切忌断章取义，并应关注引用的核实及可靠性。为了避免引用的断章取义，熟悉引用文字的上下文十分关键。自己清楚记得老师曾在专业课上要求学生课后做引用查证练习，其中就有查阅“学而优则仕”的上下文。通过查阅，自己发现该语源自《论语》的“子张第十九”篇，上文是“仕而优则学”，并惊奇地发现该语为子夏所说，而非孔子所言。显然，这样的查证很有利于对该语的全面理解和准确使用。在修改关于赖译本研究的论文时，笔者努力查实引文，确保引用的可靠性。比如，为了更好地理解赖发洛所追求的“真实翻译”的涵义，文中引入了本杰明的“真正翻译”思想翻译学的论文写作技巧
为了查得“真正翻译”的出处，笔者在不同数据库中找到许多涉及该思想的论文，但基本上都是给出较为笼统的汉语解读，甚至还存在抵牾之处。为了更好地把握该思想，自己通过追根溯源，最终找到其原文具体出处，并发现本杰明这一思想与其“纯语言”哲学观密不可分，加深了对该思想的认识和理解。
其实，为了引用的规范，本篇论文也是如此。譬如，上文引用了清朝学者梁章钜有关作文修改之语，最初找到的出处有二：《退庵论文》和《退庵随笔》，且没有出版社、具体页码等信息。通过多次搜索和查阅，笔者最终在《退庵随笔》第十九卷“学文”中查得原文，并通过阅读下文——有关欧阳修对《昼锦堂记》原稿起首两句的修改，更好地理解了引文，尤其是修改之于作文的重要性。
对于外研社答案，您可以在外研社官网上进行搜索。您可以登录外研社官网，在搜索框中输入“学术研究与论文写作”，点击搜索按钮，即可搜索到相关答案。此外，外研社还提供免费的在线资源，您可以在网站上搜索和下载相关资源，便于学习掌握知识点。另外，您还可以在外研社官方论坛上搜索相关内容，如果您有疑问，可以在此处得到回答，也可以与其他用户交流经验。
急急急家。救济金管理员吗，我现在有点了吧！！！！！！！！！！！！！嗯哪？我感觉到时候我也不知道答案是爱消除…好是
一.开头句型 1. As far as...is concerned就……而言 2. It goes without saying that...不言而喻，...... 3. It can be said with certainty that...可以肯定地说...... 4. As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的， 5. It has to be noticed that...必须注意到，...... 6. It's generally recognized that...普遍认为...... 7. What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是...... 8. There's no denying the fact that...不可否认...... 9. Nothing is more important than the fact that...没有什么比......更重要 , ..., which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ... Second, ... What makes things worse is that...现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是…… 二.衔接句型 1. A case in point is ...一个典型的例子是...... 2. As is often the case，... 正如通常情况下，...... 3. As stated in the previous paragraph， 如前段所述， 4. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore，... 但是问题并非如此简单，所以，…… 5. But it's a pity that...但遗憾的是…... 6. For all that...对于这一切...... In spite of the fact that...尽管事实...... 7. Further, we hold opinion that...此外，我们坚持认为...... 8. However , the difficulty lies in...然而，困难在于...… 9. Similarly, we should pay attention to...同样，我们要注意...... 10. In view of the present station， 鉴于目前形势， 11. As has been mentioned above， 正如上面所提到的， 12. In this respect, we may as well say...从这个角度上我们可以说...... 13. However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is...然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即 …... 三.结尾句型 1. I will conclude by saying...最后我要说…... 2. Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信…... 3. All things considered,总而言之， 4. Therefore, in my opinion, it's more advisable...因此，在我看来，更可取的是…... 5. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that… 通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论...… data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that… 通过数据我们得到的结论是...... 7. It can be concluded from the discussion that...从讨论中可以得出......的结论 8. From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来，如果……也许更好 四.举例句型 1. Let's take...to illustrate this.让我们用......来阐明这一点。 2. let's take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.让我们用以上图标做例子来阐明这一点。 3. Here is one more example.还有一个例子。 … for example. 以......为例。 offers a typical instance of…. 这为......提供了一个典型的例子。 6. We may quote a common example of…. 我们可以引用一个关于......的常见例子。 五.常用于引言段的句型 1. Some people think that…. 有些人认为…... 2. To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below.坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。 3. For years,… has been seen as …, but things are quite different now. 多年来，……一直被视为……，但现在的情况有很大的不同。 4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that… 我无法完全同意这一观点的…... 5. My argument for this view goes as follows.我对这个问题的看法如下。 6. Along with the development of…, more and more…随着……的发展，越来越多…... 7. There is a long-running debate as to whether...关于是否......有着个长期的辩论。 8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that…. 普遍/广泛认为…... 9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者。 10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.在给出我的观点之前，我想有必要看看双方的论据。 六.表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法 1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B. A和B完全不同。 2. A and B are different in every way / respect / 和B在每方面都不同。 3. A and B differ in… A和B在......方面不同。 4. A differs from B in... A在......方面和B不同。 5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in… A和B的区别在于...... 6. Compared with/In contrast to A, B…. 和A比起来，B...... 7. While it is generally believed that A…, I believe B… 虽然普遍认为A......，但是我认为B...... 8. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.尽管它们有相似性，但是A和B也是不同的。 9. Both A and B…. However, A…; on the other hand, B… A和B都......然而，A......；另一方面，B...... 10. The most striking difference is that A…, while B…. 最显著的区别是A......，然而B...... 七.演绎法常用的句型 1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones. 对于......有几个原因，但一般地，他们可以归结为三个主要原因。 2. There are many factors that can account for…, but the following are the most typical ones. 有许多因素能够解释......，但以下是最典型的因素。 3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。 4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。 5. The reasons are as follows.原因如下。 八.因果推理法常用句型 1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.因为我们读过这本书，所以我们学到很多。 2. If we read the book, we will learn a lot.如果我们读这本书，我们会学到很多。 3. We read the book；as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we've learned a lot. 我们读了这本书，因此我们学了很多。 4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we've learned a lot.由于读了这本书，我们已经学到了很多。 5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.超重的原因是吃得太多。 is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.超重是由于吃得太多。 7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.吃太多的结果是超重。 8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight.吃太多导致超重。 早检测论文查重系统我祝大家顺利通过~~~
If you put a buzzard in a pen six to eight feet square and entirely open at the top， the bird， in spite of its ability to fly， will be an absolute prisoner．
The reason is that a buzzard always begins a flight from the ground with a run of ten to twelve feet．
Without space to run， as is its habit， it will not even attempt to fly， but remain a prisoner for life in a small jail with no top．
The ordinary bat that flies around at night， who is a remarkable nimble creature in the air， cannot take off from a level place．
If it is placed on the floor or flat ground， all it can do is to shuffle about helplessly and， no doubt， painfully， until it reaches some slight elevation from which it can throw itself into the air． Then， at once， it takes off like a flash．
A bumblebee if dropped into an open tumbler will be there until it dies， unless it is taken out．
It never sees the means of escape at the top， but persists in trying to find some way out through the sides near the bottom． It will seek a way where none exists， until it completely destroys itself．
In many ways， there are lots of people like the buzzard， the bat and the bumblebee． They are struggling about with all their problems and frustrations1， not realizing that the answer is right there above them．
如果把一只秃鹫放在一个6～8平方英尺的无顶围栏里，这只大鸟尽管 会飞，也绝对会成为这栏中之囚。原因是秃鹫从地面起飞前总要先助跑10～12 英尺的距离。这是它的习惯，如果没有了足够的助跑空间，它甚至不会尝试去飞， 只会终身困囿于一个无顶的小囚笼中。
晚上飞来飞去的普通的蝙蝠，本是一种在空中极其敏捷的动物，但却 无法在平地上起飞。如果被放在地板或平坦的地面上，它就只会无助地挪动，毫 无疑问这样很痛苦。除非它到了稍高的位置，有了落差，才可以立刻闪电般地起 飞。
一只大黄蜂如果掉进了一个敞口平底玻璃杯里，除非有人把它拿出来， 否则它就会一直呆在里边直到死去。它永远不知道可以从杯口逃出，只坚持试图 从杯底的四壁寻找出路。它会在根本不存在出口的地方寻找出路，直到彻底毁了 自己。
其实在很多方面，很多人也像秃鹫、蝙蝠和大黄蜂一样，使尽浑身解 数试图解决问题、克服挫折，却没有意识到解决之道就在正上方。
扩展资料
写作技巧
1、准确
要使你的英语写作文章语义表达准确，首先要尽量不要在学术文章中出现＂大概、也许＂之类模棱两可地词语，避免出现容易让人困惑和误解地词语和表达法；其次，要尽量避免使用那些有多种含义地词语和表达法。
例如：Singaporeisafinecountry这句话中地fine一词有多种含义，如＂好地、细小地、罚款＂等。日常生活中这样使用没有问题，但在写作时一定要避免使用这种容易产生歧义地多义词。
2、简洁。
直截了当、切中要点是保证文章简洁地最好写作形式。与中文写作相比，英语写作非常强调直奔主题、简单明快地写作风格。
例如，在写作一个段落时，常常将概括段落主要内容地主题句（topicsentence）作为段落地首句，以便让读者迅速明确本段要讲述地内容。另外，写作时尽量将每个句子写得简短一些，少用或不用冗长地复合句。切记：短小精练地句子表达地意思才强而有力。
考研究生的朋友吗，对于试卷上后面的英语大作文相必有接触过。下面是我给大家整理的研究生考试英语大作文范文，供大家参阅!研究生考试英语大作文范文1 Direction Write an essay of 160-200words based on the following drawing .In your essay ,you should 1) describe the drawing briefly 2) explain its intended measing and 3) give your comments You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points) 大作文范文： Our surroundings are being polluted fast and man's present efforts can not prevent it. Time is bringing us more people, and more people will bring us more industry, more cars, larger cities and the growing use of man-made materials. What can explain and solve this problem? The fact is that pollution is caused by man -- by his desire for a modern way of life. We make "increasing industrialization" our chief we are often ready to offer everything: clean air, pure water, good food, our health and the future of our is a constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities, eager for the benefits of our modern society. But as our technological achievements have grown in the last twenty years, pollution has become a serious problem. Isn't it time we stopped to ask ourselves where we are going-- and why? It makes one think of the story about the airline pilot who told his passengers over the loudspeaker,"I've some good news and some bad news. The good news is that we're making rapid progress at 530 miles per hour. The bad news is that we're lost and don't know where we're going. " The sad fact is that this becomes a true story when speaking of our modern society. In my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more concrete measures. First, it should let people fully realize the importance of environmental protection through education. Second, much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more people means more people means more pollution. Finally, those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely punished. We should let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind themselves 研究生考试英语大作文范文2 【题目要求】 Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and 3) give your suggestions. You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET .(20points) 【题目评析】 本次考研英语的大作文部分体裁与往年相比，依然保持稳定，是图画式作文。就结构而言，依然可以是三段式：第一段是描述图画的表层含义，第二段是阐明其图画的内涵，第三段基本可以说明自己的观点。就内容和话题而言，和我们的真实生活非常贴切，属于综合性话题，考查了当今信息社会发展过程中电子产品对我们日常面对面交流的影响，对于人们依赖于智能手机而忽视面对面交流这个话题，考生应该是有切身体会，有话可说。同硬币有两面一个道理，智能手机虽然方便了人们的生活和交流，却淡漠了人与人面对面交流的能力。最后就人们过分依赖于智能手机，做出你自己得评论和发表自己的观点。 【参考范文】 Nowadays, with the increasing popularity of smart phones, it is not unusual to find a group of people sitting around the table, each playing with their smart phones separately instead of talking with each other face to face. As is vividly shown in the picture, all the members absorbed in their electronic products. There are several reasons accounting for this phenomenon. Some people may lack the ability to communicate with others or the common interest while others claim that it’s a good way to relieve stress and embarrassment in social communications. Naturally, there are still others who are heavy smart phone users and fail to break away from the addiction. As far as I’m concerned, it is essential for us to build closer social bonds through face-to-face conversations when getting together with our relatives, friends, classmates and colleagues. I strongly recommend that you put away your smart phones in such occasions not only to show respect for others but also to enjoy the gatherings and improve your communicative skills as well. 研究生考试英语大作文范文3 Directions: Write an essay of 160—200 wordsbased on the following picturein your essay, you should 1. describe the pictures briefly, 2. interpret its intendedmeaning, and 3. give your comments. You should write neatly ontheANSWERSHEET. (20 points) 参考范文： 参考范文一 As is vividly depicted in the first picture there is a father watching TV and asking his son to study hard, with his son being unable to concentrate on his study. The second picture portrays that the son and the father are studying hard together. At the lower part of the picture is a caption which implies that it is wise for parents to set a good example for their children by action rather than by words. It occurs to me that the author of the drawing aims at reminding us of the the value of a good example by parents. First and foremost, examplesspeak louder than words, for it is widely accepted that an exampleenableseach personto transformhis or heraspirations from astate of potentiality into it another way, parents’example enables their children to improve them selves, so they can be qualified for the future job, be ready for the forthcoming life, and they are likely to achieve more fulfillment. Furthermore, according to a latest survey conducted by an authority on the Internet, the majority of people interviewed answer that parents’action produces more positive influence on the growth of their children than oral requirements do. Hence, it is vital for us to derive positive implications fromthe above pictures. For one thing,we should frequently use it to enlightenyoung parents. For another,we should cultivate the awareness ofparentsthatpersonal examplesarevery vital tokid’s growth. Only by doing so canchildren grow sound in body and mind. 参考范文二 Above are graphic pictures that show a sharp contrast with each other. In the left one, there is a father who is watching TV happily, with his son cannot go on with his study attentively beside him, but the father asks his son to work hard. In the right one, however,sit a father and a son, who are studying , at the bottom of the picture are huge characters, meaning“It is better to set example, rather than just make requests.”The drawer’s intention seems to be highly self-evident and the meaning causes us to be thought-provoking. To begin with, model plays a critical part in our life. If we set someone as our model, we will try to imitate him. For example, if we set Zhang Haidi as our example, and we think her spirit of perseverance impresses us deeply, we will also persist in doing something even if we come across many difficulties. What is more, model,one of the greatest fashionable themes of our era throughout the history of mankind all around the world that I have ever known in my whole life, which is the greatest that there ever was and the greatest that there ever will be, is momentous and fundamental to people what the soul is vital and significant to us. Judging from the reams of evidence presented above, it is safe for us to conclude that modelplays a fundamental part ineconomic prosperity and social progress. 参考范文三 The great American humorist and writer Mark Twain once said, “ When I was a boy of 14, my father was so ignorant I could hardly stand the old man around. But when i got to be 21, I was astonished that how much he had learned in seven years.” Contrary to what exasperated parents of teenagers may often think and feel, family attitude and parents’ behaviors do lay an important role in shaping the choices of young people make. What people watch ultimately has an impact on what actually occurs. It’s not just because they witness it, cause they believe it and act as though it is. So the moral here is to help children develop positive and pro-social concept about themselves, in that children are likely to make choices or actions that match what they learn from their parents. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that parents’ behaviors before their kids has both positive and negative effects to their children. What we must do is to make sure that the positive ones are encouraged and the negative ones are eliminated as far as possible.
有很多的同学在写英语作文的时候，也会写一些经典的议论文，我整理了相关范文，希望会对大家有所帮助！
英语作文范文带中文翻译
Many years ago, the movie about the youth became very popular, every year, we can see many hot movies about the protagonist’s passed youth. People like to recall their passed youth, which makes such movies sell good. But I find the common things about these movies, all the protagonists’ youth are about fighting, love and other negative things. I understand the directors’ intention, they want to tell people youth is not perfect and having pities. Of course movie is exaggerating, the real youth is about studying, at least, most people have worked so hard to get into their ideal colleges. What the movies describe make up some people’s youth, for which they don’t have the chance to experience. We should not be misled by these movies, for the teenagers, their job is to study, so that they can have a bright future.
【翻译】很多年以前，关于青春的电影很受欢迎，此后每年，我们都可以看到很多热门电影是关于主人公逝去的青春。人们喜欢回忆他们逝去的青春，这才是让这类电影好卖的原因。但是我发现了这些电影的共同点，那就是所有的主人公的青春都是关于大家，恋爱和其他消极的东西。我明白导演们的意图，他们想要告诉人们青春是不完美的，存在遗憾。当然电影是夸张化的，真正的青春是关于学习，至少，大部分人是如此努力的学习，为了进入理想的大学。电影所刻画的弥补了一些人的青春，对于他们没有机会去体验这些东西。我们不应该被电影误导，对于青少年来说，他们的工作是学习，这样他们才能有一个美好的未来。
高中英语作文范文80词
I like English. I think I can share my English learning method with you. First of all, develop interest on English. My way to make it is to watch movies from abroad. At first, I will watch the movie with subtitle. Then I will remove the subtitle, only English left. Gradually, show great interest in English. Secondly, recite vocabularies. Vocabulary is the necessary foundation to start learn English. This time you have to force yourself to remember words. Thirdly, understand basic grammar thoroughly. It is hard for me to understand the meaning of a sentence if I don’t know the basic grammar. Last but not least is to speak more. The basic purpose to learn a language is to communicate. So talk in English as much as you can. And don’t worry about losing face, because everyone makes mistakes. Those are my methods.
我喜欢英语。我觉得我可以和你分享一下我的英语学习方法。首先，培养对英语的兴趣。我的方法是看国外电影。一开始，我会留着字幕一起看。之后我就会不看字幕，只留英文。渐渐地，我对英语表现出极大的兴趣。其次，背诵词汇。词汇是学习英语的必要根基。这一点你只能强迫自己去背了。第三，完全理解基本语法。如果我不懂基本语法，我会很难理解一整个句子的意思。最后但并非最不重要的是要多说。学习语言的基本目的就是进行沟通。因此，尽可能多的用英语交谈。不要担心丢脸，因为每个人都会犯错误的。这些就是我的方法。
英语作文100词左右带翻译——珍惜时间
Chinese Spring Festival celebrating the end of winter and the warmth of spring. It began in the last day of the lunar year, end in the 15th day of lunar New Year, also is the Lantern Festival. During the Spring Festival, people use red lantern and Spring Festival couplets decorate a house, put on all kinds of colored clothes, often
An English proverb says that time is money. I consider it (this) wrong. Why? Because we all know that we can earn money be work but can not in any way get back time (in anyway). For this reason, we may (can) say that time is more valuable than money.
Many people do not know the value of time. It (this) is indeed a great pity. We must bear (keep) in mind that wasting time is equal to wasting your life.
【翻译】英国有句谚语说，时间就是金钱。我认为这是不对的。为什么？因为我们大家都知道我们能够用工作赚钱，但无论如何却无法把时间争取回来。基于此种理由，我们可以说时间比钱钱更宝贵。
许多人不知爱惜时光。这确实是可惜的。我们必须记住浪费时间等于浪费生命。
为了在不久的将来，成为一名会英语的研究生，我们从现在就开始看英语作文积累词汇。下面是我给大家整理的研究生英语作文范文，供大家参阅!
Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptiles.
There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life-style of the animal, and that predators are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli.
Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seems clearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved? Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean. Could it be that, rather than increasing an animal's vulnerability, the function of sleep is to decrease it? Wilse Webb of the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University have suggested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quiet on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true.
全文翻译：
睡眠的进化
睡眠是古老的。 从脑电图上看，我们人类和所有灵长目动物以及几乎所有的哺乳动物 和鸟类都一样需要睡眠;甚至爬行类动物也有睡眠。 有证据显示，有梦睡眠和无梦睡眠这两种类型的睡眠取决于该动物的生活方式。 从统计上看，食肉动物比被捕食动物有更多的 有梦睡眠，而被捕食动物更多地无梦睡眠。
动物在有梦睡眠时，被有效地解除动作能力， 并且对外界刺激缺乏反应。 无梦睡眠则要浅得多。 我们都看到过猫和狗在显然的酣睡中， 有一点响动耳朵就会竖起来。 被捕食动物很少有深度的有梦睡眠，这看来显然是自然选择 的结果。
而且这一点是有道理的：当睡眠高度进化以后，愚笨的动物比聪明的动物更少在 深度睡眠状态下丧失动作能力。
但是动物为什么要进入深度睡眠呢?为什么这样的无动作状 态也会进化出来呢? 海豚、鲸鱼以及水生哺乳动物睡眠都极少，这一事实可以给睡眠的根本 功能提供有用的线索。 海洋中是没有藏身之处的。 会不会是这样，睡眠不但不增加动物受 伤害的可能性，反而是减少了这种可能性呢?佛罗里达大学的 Wilse Webb 和伦敦大学的 Ray Meddis 认为情况就是如此。 可以想像得出，在危险的时刻，那些由于太愚笨而不能自动保 持安静的动物，会不由自主地变得动弹不得。 这一点在食肉动物的幼兽身上表现得特别明 显。 这是一个很有意思的看法，它至少部分是正确的。
The ways of history are so intricate and the motivations of human actions so complex that it is always hazardous to attempt to represent events covering a number of years, a multiplicity of persons, and distant localities as the expression of one intellectual or social movement; yet the historical process which culminated in the ascent of Thomas Jefferson to the presidency can be regarded as the outstanding example not only of the birth of a new way of life but of nationalism as a new way of life. The American Revolution represents the link between the seventeenth century, in which modern England became conscious of itself, and the awakening of modern Europe at the end of the eighteenth century. It may seem strange that the march of history should have had to cross the Atlantic Ocean, but only in the North American colonies could a struggle for civic liberty lead also to the foundation of a new nation.
Here, in the popular rising against a "tyrannical" government, the fruits were more than the securing of a freer constitution. They included the growth of a nation born in liberty by the will of the people, not from the roots of common descent, a geographic entity, or the ambitions of king or dynasty. With the American nation, for the first time, a nation was born,
not in the dim past of history but before the eyes of the whole world.
全文翻译：美国革命的历史意义
历史的进程是如此错综复杂，人类行为的动机是如此令人费解，以至于想把那些时间跨度大，涉及人数多，空间范围广的事件描述成为一个智者或一场社会运动的表现的企图是危 险的。 然而以托马斯·杰弗逊登上总统宝座为高潮的那一段历史过程可以被视为一个特殊 的例子。
在这段历史时期里不仅诞生了新的生活方式，而且民族主义成为了一种新的生活 方式。 美国独立战争成为联结 17 世纪现代英格兰的自我意识和 18 世纪末现代欧洲的觉醒 的纽带。 历史的行程需要跨越大西洋，这看起来似乎有些奇怪，但却只有在北美殖民地为 民权和自由的斗争才能导致新国家的建立。
这里，反对"暴政"的民众起义的成果不仅是获 得一个包含更多自由的宪法，还包括了一个依照人民的意愿诞生在自由中的国家的成长。这 个国家不是基于血缘、地理、君主或王朝的野心。 由于有了美国，第一次一个国家的诞生不是发生在历史模糊的过去，而是在全世界人们的眼前。
People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracy-- one knife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs. Soon they are capable of noting that they have placed five knives, spoons and forks on the table and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction. It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later, he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment.
Of course, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly grasped -- or, as the case might be, bumped into -- concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one.
Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers - the idea of a oneness, a twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table - is itself far from innate.
全文翻译：儿童的数学能力
人似乎生来就会计算。 孩子们使用数字的技能发展得如此之早和如此必然，很容易让 人想象有一个内在的精确而成熟的数字钟在指导他们的成长。
孩子们在学会走路和说话后 不久，就能以令人惊叹的准确布置桌子--五把椅子前面分别摆上一把刀、一个汤匙、一把叉子。 很快地，他们就能知道他们已在桌面上摆放了五把刀、五个汤匙、五把叉子。 没有多 久，他们就又能知道这些东西加起来总共是 15 把银餐具。
如此这般地掌握了加法之后，他 们又转向减法。 有一种设想几乎顺理成章，那就是，即使一个孩子一出生就被隔绝到荒岛上，七年后返回世间，也能直接上小学二年级的数学课，而不会碰到任何智力调整方面的大 麻烦。当然，事实并没有这么简单。
本世纪认知心理学家的工作已经揭示了智力发展所依 赖的日常学习的微妙形式。 他们观察到孩子们缓慢掌握那些成年人认为理所当然的概念的 过程，或者是孩子们偶然遇到这些概念的过程。 他们也观察到孩子们拒绝承认某些常识的 情况。 比如： 孩子们拒绝承认当水从短而粗的瓶中倒入细而长的瓶子中时，水的数量没有 变化。 心理学家们而后又展示一个例子， 即：让孩子们数一堆铅笔时，他们能顺利地报出 蓝铅笔或红铅笔的数目，但却需诱导才能报出总的数目。 此类研究表明：数学基础是经过 逐渐努力后掌握的。
他们还表示抽象的数字概念，如可表示任何一类物品并且是在做比摆 桌子有更高数学要求的任何事时都必备的一、二、三意识，远远不是天生就具备的。
英语议论文写作是英语专业学习者学习中很重要的一项技能，恰当运用评价资源能增强作者表达对事件的态度和立场，开启话题，可以感染和说服读者。以下是我为大家整理的关于英语议论文范文，给大家作为参考，欢迎阅读!
英语议论文范文篇1
My opinion on copying others' homework
It is konwn to us all that some students copy others' homework,their reasons are as below:first of all,the homework is too much and always difficult;the second,they are not intrested in the lessons;and the third,the aim of finishing their homework is to please the teacher.
In my opinion,copying others' homework is not good,because it's against the rules of the should be honest and work hard to get high we have difficulties,we can even ask the teacher or our classmates for their help.
英语议论文范文篇2
Now it is common that students copy homework from their classmates. I think it is a terrible thing . Because homework is their own task and the check for what they learn in class.
If they copy others' homework , the teachers won't get the fact so they can't help the students to improve. Besides ,if the students can't finish their homework, they can't get the chance to go over their lessons so they can't make progress. So don't copy others' homework.
英语议论文范文篇3
In the picture we can see that a man is fishing attentively by the him there is a scholar who is stealing the fish in the man’s is obvious that the drawer of the picture tries to reveal a serious problemin the academic circle of our country — plagiarism. In recent years academiccheats have become rampant. Quite a lot of graduate students and scholars“use” others’ ideas, articles and papers without acknowledging the sourceof information.
They copy them without the fear that they might be a long time we paid less attention to the problem of plagiarism, butnow we are increasingly aware of its negative effects. Plagiarists’misconduct simply mean “stealing” others’ intellectual and academicaccomplishments, which not only depreciates their own humanity but contaminatesthe climate of the academic circle. Academic falsification is like an epidemicdisease that spreads fast and will destroy the healthy development of academicstudies. What’s worse, these plagiarists have set a very disreputable exampleto the younger generation.
So what attitude should we hold towards it? From my point of view, weshould resolutely battle against this ill phenomenon. Education of moralityshould be strengthened among the scholars and students. Those who steal others’academic achievements should be given severe punishment whenever they arespotted. If necessary, we can resort to the law to protect the interest of theoriginal writer and inventor. We must recognize that fighting againstplagiarism requires our persistent efforts.
翻译
在画中我们可以看到一位男子正在专心地在湖边钓鱼，在他身后有一位学者模样的人正从钓鱼人的鱼桶中偷鱼。显然，作这幅画的人是想揭示我国学术界的一个严重的问题—— 剽窃。近年来学术欺诈盛行，有不少研究生、学者“利用”别人的想法、文章和论文而不注明信息来源。
他们抄袭他人作品，不怕被抓。对剽窃问题很长时间以来我们关注甚少，现在我们越来越多地意识到它的负面影响。剽窃行为其实就是“偷”他人的知识和学术成就。剽窃不仅贬低人格，而且污染学术风气，它会像传染病那样迅速蔓延，破坏学术研究的健康发展。更糟的是，这些剽窃者给年轻的一代树立了坏榜样。
英语一大作文类型都是图画作文。
考研英语一大作文主要是要求考生按照题目提供的信息写说明文或者一议论文，英语一大作文出题形式均以文字规定加图画方式呈现，分值为20分，这就要求考生在写作过程中应对该部分内容引起重视。
考研英语一写作文技巧
第一段：考生应根据所给的漫画的文字叙述内容，提炼漫画的主题。漫画的主题于漫画中展现的内容及解释漫画的文字叙述。根据要求拟定文章提纲，确定文章结构以及思想。第一段的主要内容为图画描述以及全篇文章的中心主旨句。
第二段：分两至三个分论点，文中可以附加例子来对中心论点进行论证和照应。
第三段：总结独特观点，在此深化印章中心论点，并提出建议、建议的原因以及解决措施。